This article uses algebraic notation to describe chess moves. Algebraic chess notation is used to record and describe the moves in a game of Chess.

Giuoco Piano
Moves	1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Bc5
ECO	C50
Origin	16th century
Named after	Italian: "quiet game"
Parent	Open Game
Chessgames.com opening explorer

The Giuoco Piano is a chess opening characterized by the moves

1. The Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings ( ECO) is a classification system for the opening moves in a game of chess An Open Game (or Double King Pawn game is a Chess opening which begins with the White moves 1 In Chess the word " opening " has two common meanings both of which are discussed in this article e4 e5

2. Nf3 Nc6

3. Bc4 Bc5

The Giuoco Piano (Italian: "quiet game"), is the oldest recorded opening. Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy. The Portuguese Damiano played it at the beginning of the 16th century and the Italian Greco played it at the beginning of the 17th century. The Portuguese people (os Portugueses literally the Portuguese) are the Ethnic group or Nation native to the country of Portugal, in the west Pedro Damiano (in Portuguese, Pedro Damião; Damiano is the Italian form much like the Latin Damianus) was a Portuguese The' Italian people' are a Southern European Ethnic group located primarily in Italy, Switzerland, France and by virtue of a wide-ranging Gioachino Greco (1600 &ndash c 1634 was an Italian Chess player and writer As a means of recording the passage of Time, the 17th Century was that Century which lasted from 1601 - 1700 in the Gregorian calendar The opening is also known as the Italian Game, although that term is sometimes used more generally to describe the position after 1. The Italian Game is a family of chess openings beginning 1 e4 e5 2 e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4. The Giuoco Piano was popular through the 19th century, but modern refinements in defensive play have led most chess masters towards openings like the Ruy Lopez that offer White greater chances for long term initiative. The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar The Ruy Lopez, called the Spanish Opening or Spanish Game outside English speaking countries, is a Chess opening characterised by the moves This page explains commonly used terms in Chess in alphabetical order

White's "Italian bishop" at c4 prevents Black from advancing in the center with . This page explains commonly used terms in Chess in alphabetical order . . d5 and attacks the vulnerable f7 square. White plans to dominate the center with d2-d4 and to attack the Black king. This page explains commonly used terms in Chess in alphabetical order Black aims to free his game by exchanging pieces and playing the pawn break . . . d5, or to hold his center pawn at e5.

Contents 1 Variations 1.1 Main Line 1.2 Giuoco Pianissimo 2 References

Variations

The main continuations on White's fourth move are

• 4. c3 (the Main Line of the Giuoco Piano), see below.

• 4. d3 (the Giuoco Pianissimo, Italian: "quietest game"), see below. Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy.

• 4. b4 (the Evans Gambit), in which White offers a pawn to speed his development. The Evans Gambit is a Chess opening characterised by the moves 1

• 4. d4, (the Italian Gambit), in which White opens up the center avoiding the quiet lines of the Giuoco Piano and Giuoco Pianissimo. The Italian Gambit is a Chess opening characterized by the moves 1

Main Line

In the Main Line White plays 4. c3, in preparation for a central advance, d2-d4.
Black can try to hold a strong point in the center at e5 with 4. . . Qe7 or he can counterattack with 4. . . Nf6.
The center holding line can continue 4. . . Qe7 5. d4 Bb6 6. 0-0 d6 7. a4 a6 8. h3 Nf6 9. Re1 0-0.

The more aggressive 4…Nf6 was first analyzed by Greco in the 17th century. Gioachino Greco (1600 &ndash c 1634 was an Italian Chess player and writer In the Greco Attack White uses a major piece sacrifice to create a trap. Play continues:-

4. c3 Nf6

5. d4 exd4

6. cxd4 Bb4+

7. Nc3 Nxe4 (see diagram)

(Greco encouraged an attack on White’s Queen Rook with 8. 0-0, allowing 8. . . Nxc3!?.
<<9. bxc3 Bxc3 10 Qb3>> Now if Black takes the White queen rook with 10. . . Bxa1, White wins the black queen with 11. Bxf7+ Kf8 12. Bg5 Ne7 13. Re1. This trap is now well-known, and Black can avoid it by playing 8. . . Bxc3. After 8. . . Nxc3 9. bxc3 best is 9. . . d5! 10. cxb4 dxc4 11. Re1+ Ne7 12. Qa4+! Bd7 13. b5 O-O 14. Qxc4 Ng6!)
In 1898 the Moller attack revived this line; Danish player Jørgen Møller published analysis of the line in Tidsskrift for Skak (1898). The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe Year 1898 ( MDCCCXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common In the Møller Attack White sacrifices a pawn for development and the initiative:

8. 0-0 Bxc3!

9. d5 Bf6

(9. . . Ne5 is also interesting; a possible continuation is 10. bxc3 Nxc4 11. Qd4 f5 12. Qxc4 d6)

10. Re1 Ne7

11. Rxe4 d6

12. Bg5 Bxg5

13. Nxg5 h6!?

(13. . . 0-0 14. Nxh7! is considered to lead to a draw with best play, although Black has many opportunities to go wrong)

14. Bb5+

(after 14. Qe2 hxg5 15. Re1 Be6! 16. dxe6 f6 17. Re3 c6 18. Rh3 Rxh3 19. gxh3 g6 it is doubtful that White has compensation for the sacrificed pawn, according to International Master Larry Kaufman; 14. The title International Master is awarded to outstanding Chess players by the world chess organization FIDE. Qh5 0-0 15. Rae1 Ng6! also favors Black. White also can play 16. Qd2 c6! 17. dxe6 f6 18. Bd3 d5 19. Rg4 Qc7 20. h3 O-O-O 21. b4 attacking)

14. . . Bd7

15. Qe2 Bxb5

16. Qxb5+ Qd7

17. Qxb7

(17. Qe2 Kf8 wins a second pawn)

17. . . 0-0 and Black is at least equal.

If White does not want to gambit material, instead of 7. A gambit is a Chess opening in which the first player risks or sacrifices material usually a pawn, with the hope of achieving a resulting advantageous Nc3 he can play 7. Bd2 which can continue 7. . . Bxd2+
(Kaufman recommends 7. . . Nxe4!? 8. Bxb4 Nxb4 9. Bxf7+ Kxf7 10. Qb3+ d5!?
(10. . . Kf8 11. Qxb4+ Qe7+ 12. Qxe7+ Kxe7 is safer, reaching an equal endgame) 11. Ne5+ Ke6! 12. Qxb4 c5!?)
8. Nbxd2 d5 9. exd5 Nxd5 10. Qb3 Nce7
(10. . . Na5 is better, inviting a repetition of moves after 11. Qa4+ Nc6 (threatening 12. . . Nb6) 12. Qb3 Na5)
11. 0-0 0-0 12. Rfe1 c6.
In this position White has more freedom but his isolated queen pawn can be a weakness. This page explains commonly used terms in Chess in alphabetical order

Giuoco Pianissimo

With 4. d3, White plays the Giuoco Pianissimo (Italian: "quietest game"). Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy. White aims for a slow buildup deferring d4 until it can be prepared. By avoiding an immediate confrontation in the center White prevents the early release of tension through exchanges and enters a positional maneuvering game. If White plays c2-c3, the position can take some characteristics of the Ruy Lopez if his bishop retreats to c2 via Bc4-b3-c2. The Ruy Lopez, called the Spanish Opening or Spanish Game outside English speaking countries, is a Chess opening characterised by the moves Despite its drawish reputation, this variation became more popular after being taken up by John Nunn in the 1980s. In Chess, a draw is one of the possible outcomes of a game the others being a win for white and a win for black John Denis Martin Nunn (born April 25, 1955 in London) is one of England 's strongest Chess players and once belonged to the world's The 1980s was the decade spanning from January 1 1980 to December 31 1989. The common move orders are 4. c3 Nf6 5. d3 and the transposition via the Bishop's Game: 2. Bc4 Nf6 3. d3 Nc6 4. Nf3 Bc5 5. c3 Bc5.

References

• Hooper, David and Kenneth Whyld (1996). David Vincent Hooper ( 31 August 1915 - May 1998 born in Reigate, was a British Chess player and writer Kenneth Whyld ( March 6, 1926 - July 11, 2003) was a British Chess author and researcher best known as the co-author (with The Oxford Companion To Chess. Oxford University. ISBN 0-19-280049-3.  
• Kaufman, Larry (2004). The Chess Advantage in Black and White. McKay Chess Library. ISBN 0-8129-3571-3.  en:פתיחה איטלקית

---

© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic