Gin and tonic. A gin and tonic is a highball Cocktail made with Gin and Tonic water, usually garnished with a slice of lime or Lemon Pictured with gin brand, Bombay Gin and tonic brand Cadbury Schweppes

Gin is a spirit flavoured with juniper berries. Cadbury plc () is a Confectionery and Beverage A juniper berry is the female seed cone produced by the various species of Junipers It is not a true Berry but a cone with unusually fleshy and merged Distilled gin is made by redistilling white grain spirit which has been flavoured with juniper berries. Neutral grain spirit (aka grain neutral spirit ( GNS) pure grain alcohol, or corn liquor) is a clear colorless flammable liquid that Compound gin is made by flavouring neutral grain spirit with juniper berries without redistilling and can be considered a flavoured vodka. Vodka is one of the world's most popular Distilled beverages It is a clear liquid which consists of mostly Water and Ethanol purified by Distillation

The most common style of gin, typically used for mixed drinks, is London dry gin. A mixed drink is a type of beverage in which two or more different ingredients are mixed together to create a different drink London dry gin is made by taking a neutral grain spirit (usually produced in a column still) and redistilling after the botanicals are added. Neutral grain spirit (aka grain neutral spirit ( GNS) pure grain alcohol, or corn liquor) is a clear colorless flammable liquid that A column still, also called a continuous still, patent still or Coffey still, is a variety of Still that consists of two Columns invented Botany, plant science(s, phytology, or plant biology is a branch of Biology and is the scientific study of plant Life In addition to juniper, it is usually made with a small amount of citrus botanicals like lemon and bitter orange peel. For the fruit known as "Chinese Bitter Orange" see Trifoliate orange. Other botanicals that may be used include anise, angelica root and seed, orris root, licorice root, cinnamon, coriander, and cassia bark. '''Anise''' or Aniseed, less commonly anís (stressed on the second syllable ( Pimpinella anisum) is a Flowering plant in the family Apiaceae Angelica is a genus of about 60 species of tall biennial and perennial Herbs in the family Apiaceae, native to temperate and subarctic regions of the Orris root is the root of some species of iris, grown principally in southern Europe Iris germanica, Iris florentina, and Iris pallida Liquorice (UK or licorice (US (see spelling differences;, or) is the root of Glycyrrhiza glabra, from which a sweet flavour can be extracted Cinnamon ( Cinnamomum verum, synonym C zeylanicum) is a small Evergreen Tree 10–15 metres (32 Coriander ( Coriandrum sativum) also commonly called cilantro, is an annual Herb in the family Apiaceae.

Distilled gin evolved from the Dutch spirits jonge- and oude- Jenever or Genever (young and old Dutch gin), Plymouth gin, and Old Tom gin. Jenever (also known as junever, genievre, genever, jeniever, peket or in England as Holland gin) is the Jenever (also known as junever, genievre, genever, jeniever, peket or in England as Holland gin) is the Plymouth Gin is a style of Gin that by law can only be produced in Plymouth, England, it being a Protected Geographical Indication Compound gin is gin made by adding the juniper flavouring to the neutral spirit with no redistillation. Sloe gin is a common ready-sweetened form of gin that is traditionally made by infusing sloes (the fruit of the blackthorn) in gin. Sloe gin is a red coloured Liqueur flavoured with sloe berries, the Fruit of the Blackthorn, a relative of the Plum. Blackthorn redirects here for other uses see Blackthorn (disambiguation Prunus spinosa ( Blackthorn or Sloe Similar infusions are possible with other fruits, such as damsons (See Damson gin). The damson or damson plum ( Prunus domestica subsp insititia, or sometimes Prunus insititia) is an edible drupaceous fruit Damson Gin is a Liqueur, usually homemade made from Damson Plums macerated in a Sugar and Gin Syrup for

A well-made gin will be relatively dry compared to other spirits. Dryness is a property of Alcoholic Beverages that describes the lack of a sweet taste Gin is often mixed in cocktails with sweeter ingredients like tonic water or vermouth to balance this dryness. A cocktail is a style of Mixed drink. Originally a mixture of distilled spirits, Sugar, Water, and Bitters, the word has gradually Tonic water (or Indian tonic water) is a carbonated Soft drink Flavored with Quinine, which gives it a distinctively bitter taste Vermouth (also spelled vermuth) is a Fortified wine flavored with aromatic Herbs and spices ("aromatized" in the trade using closely-guarded recipes

History

Gin originated in the Netherlands in the 17th century. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands As a means of recording the passage of Time, the 17th Century was that Century which lasted from 1601 - 1700 in the Gregorian calendar It is a common misconception that the word gin derives from the Swiss city, Geneva. In fact, the word gin derives from the french word for juniper - genévrier, which of course is the fruit which makes the drink. Its invention is often credited to the physician Franciscus Sylvius. Franciscus Sylvius (1614-1672 also known as Franz De Le Boe, was Physician and Scientist ( Chemist, Physiologist and Anatomist It was sold in pharmacies and used to treat such medical problems as kidney ailments, lumbago, stomach ailments, gallstones, and gout. Pharmacy (from the Greek φάρμακον 'pharmakon' = drug is the Health profession that links the Health sciences with the chemical sciences Low back pain (sometimes referred to generally as lumbago) is a common symptom of musculoskeletal disorders or of disorders involving the Lumbar vertebrae. In Medicine, gallstones (choleliths are Crystalline bodies formed within the body by accretion or concretion of normal or abnormal Bile component Gout (also called metabolic arthritis) is a disease created by a buildup of Uric acid. It spread to England after the Glorious Revolution put William of Orange on the British throne. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland The Glorious Revolution, also called the Revolution of 1688, was the overthrow of King James II of England (VII of Scotland in 1688 by a union William III or William of Orange (14 November 1650 &ndash 8 March 1702 He is informally known in Northern Ireland and Scotland as "King Billy" Dutch gin, also known as jenever or genever, is a distinctly different drink from English-style gin; it is distilled with barley and sometimes aged in wood, giving it a slight resemblance to whisky. Distillation is a method of separating Mixtures based on differences in their volatilities in a boiling liquid mixture Barley ( Hordeum vulgare) is an annual Cereal Grain, which serves as a major animal Feed crop, with smaller amounts used for Whisky (uisge-beatha or whiskey (uisce beatha or fuisce) refers to a broad category of Alcoholic beverages that are distilled from fermented Schiedam, in South Holland, is famous for its jenever. Schiedam is a city and municipality in the province of South Holland in the Netherlands and is part of the Rotterdam South Holland ( Dutch:) is a province situated on the North Sea in the western part of the Netherlands. Jenever (also known as junever, genievre, genever, jeniever, peket or in England as Holland gin) is the Jenever is produced in a pot still and is typically lower in alcohol and more strongly flavoured than London gin. A pot still is a type of Still used in distilling spirits such as Whisky or Brandy.

Hogarth's Gin Lane

Gin became popular in England after the government allowed unlicensed gin production and at the same time imposed a heavy duty on all imported spirits. Beer Street and Gin Lane are two prints issued in 1751 by English artist William Hogarth in support of what would become the Gin Act See also Taxation, Indirect Tax In Economics, a duty is a kind of Tax, often associated with Customs, a payment due to the This created a market for poor-quality grain that was unfit for brewing beer, and thousands of gin-shops sprang up throughout England. By 1740 the production of gin had increased to six times that of beer, and because of its cheapness it became extremely popular with the poor. Beer is the world's oldest and most widely consumed Alcoholic beverage and the third most popular drink overall after water and tea Of the 15,000 drinking establishments in London, over half were gin-shops. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Beer maintained a healthy reputation as it was often safer to drink the brewed ale than unclean plain water. Gin, though, was blamed for various social and medical problems, and it may have been a factor in the higher death rates which stabilized London's previously growing population. The reputation of the two drinks was illustrated by William Hogarth in his engravings Beer Street and Gin Lane (1751). William Hogarth (10 November 1697 &ndash 26 October 1764 was a major English painter, printmaker, pictorial satirist, social critic Beer Street and Gin Lane are two prints issued in 1751 by English artist William Hogarth in support of what would become the Gin Act Beer Street and Gin Lane are two prints issued in 1751 by English artist William Hogarth in support of what would become the Gin Act This negative reputation survives today in the English language, in terms like "gin-mills" to describe disreputable bars or "gin-soaked" to refer to drunks, and in the phrase "Mother's Ruin," a common British name for gin.

The Gin Act 1736 imposed high taxes on retailers and led to riots in the streets. The Gin Craze was a period in the first half of the 18th century when the consumption of Gin became popular with the Working classes in Britain The prohibitive duty was gradually reduced and finally abolished in 1742. The Gin Act 1751 was more successful, however. The Sale of Spirits Act 1750 (commonly known as the Gin Act 1751) was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain (citation 24 Geo It forced distillers to sell only to licensed retailers and brought gin-shops under the jurisdiction of local magistrates. Gin in the 18th century was produced in pot stills, and was somewhat sweeter than the London gin known today.

In London in the early eighteenth century, gin sold on the black market was prepared in illicit stills (of which there were 1500 in 1726) and was often adulterated with turpentine and sulfuric acid. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. The 18th century lasted from 1701 to 1800 in the Gregorian calendar, in accordance with the Anno Domini / Common Era numbering system Turpentine (also called spirit of turpentine oil of turpentine wood turpentine gum turpentine is a fluid obtained by the Distillation of Resin obtained from trees Sulfuric (or sulphuric acid, H 2 S[[oxygen O]]4 is a strong Mineral acid. [1] As late as 1913 Webster's Dictionary states without further comment that 'Common gin is usually flavored with turpentine. Webster's Dictionary is the name given to a common type of English language dictionary in the United States. ' [2]

The column still was invented in 1832, and the "London dry" style was developed later in the 19th century. A column still, also called a continuous still, patent still or Coffey still, is a variety of Still that consists of two Columns invented In tropical British colonies, gin was used to mask the bitter flavour of quinine, a protection against malaria, which was dissolved in carbonated water to form tonic water. Quinine (ˈkwaɪnaɪn kwɪˈniːn ˈkwiːniːn is a natural white Crystalline Alkaloid having Antipyretic (fever-reducing antimalarial, Malaria is a vector -borne Infectious disease caused by Protozoan Parasites It is widespread in tropical and subtropical regions including Tonic water (or Indian tonic water) is a carbonated Soft drink Flavored with Quinine, which gives it a distinctively bitter taste This was the origin of today's popular gin and tonic combination, even though it is not necessary for the majority of today's consumers of the drink. A gin and tonic is a highball Cocktail made with Gin and Tonic water, usually garnished with a slice of lime or Lemon Quinine is still prescribed for malaria in many developing countries where more recent treatments are prohibitively expensive. ^[1][2]

Gin is a popular base spirit for many mixed drinks, including the martini. A mixed drink is a type of beverage in which two or more different ingredients are mixed together to create a different drink The martini is a Cocktail made with Gin and dry white Vermouth or sweet red Vermouth. Secretly produced "bathtub gin" was commonly available in the speakeasies and "blind pigs" of Prohibition-era America due to the relative simplicity of the production method. A speakeasy was an establishment that surreptitiously sold Alcoholic beverages during the period of United States history known as Prohibition (1920-1933 A blind pig, also known as a blind tiger, originated in the United States in the 1800s when Blue laws restricted the sale of alcoholic beverages Prohibition of alcohol, often referred to simply as prohibition, also known as Noble Experiment, refers to a Sumptuary law which prohibits Alcohol Gin remained popular as the basis of many cocktails after the repeal of Prohibition. A cocktail is a style of Mixed drink. Originally a mixture of distilled spirits, Sugar, Water, and Bitters, the word has gradually

The National Gin Museum is in Hasselt, Belgium. ||-||-||} Hasselt is a Belgian City and municipality, and capital of the Flemish province of Limburg. The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those

Cocktails with gin

Gin is often combined with a number of other mixers. Pink Gin is a Cocktail made fashionable in the United Kingdom in the mid-19th century consisting of Gin and a dash of 'pink' ( Angostura bitters A Fizz is a traditional family of Mixed drinks It is variation on the older Sours family A highball is the name for a family of Mixed drinks that are composed of an alcoholic base spirit and a larger proportion of a non-alcoholic mixer The Singapore Sling is a Cocktail that was invented by Ngiam Tong Boon (嚴崇文 for the Long Bar in Raffles Hotel in Singapore sometime between The Tom Collins is a Cocktail. It is essentially a Gin Fizz, using " Old Tom Gin " (a sweetened version of and precursor to London Dry Gin and A highball is the name for a family of Mixed drinks that are composed of an alcoholic base spirit and a larger proportion of a non-alcoholic mixer " Gin and Juice " is the second single by rapper Snoop Doggy Dogg, from his Debut album Doggystyle.

Brands of gin

Notable brands

Historical brands

• Fleischmann's Gin - Marketed as the original American gin, first distilled in 1870^[6]

See also

• List of cocktails

References

• Deegan, Grant (Fall 1999). Plymouth Gin is a style of Gin that by law can only be produced in Plymouth, England, it being a Protected Geographical Indication Year 1793 ( MDCCXCIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common For the rapper Seagram, see Seagram Miller The Seagram Company Ltd Pacific Dawn is also the name of a P&O Cruises liner see Pacific Dawn (ship Pacific Dawn Limited is the former name of 42 BELOW Limited New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island Kawakawa, Macropiper excelsum, is a small tree of which the subspecies M Steinhäger is the most well&ndashknown German Gin, a spirit flavoured with Juniper berries Tanqueray is a brand of British Gin which is marketed worldwide Uganda Waragi is a brand of Waragi and the leading branded Distilled beverage in Uganda. Waragi (pronounced or) (also known as enguli) is a generic term in Uganda for domestic Distilled beverages Waragi is also given different names depending Whitley Neill Gin is an upmarket brand of Gin distributed by Whitley Neill Limited launched in 2005. Baobab is the common name of a Genus ( Adansonia) containing eight species of Trees native to Madagascar (having six species mainland Physalis peruviana, commonly known as Physalis, is indigenous to South America, but was cultivated in South Africa in the region See also Cocktail CategoryCocktails|Beer cocktail|Cocktail garnish|Drinkware|Flaming beverage|Non-alcoholic mixed drinkA Cocktail is a style of mixed drink "From the bathtub to the boardroom: gin and its history". MY2K: Martini 2000 1 (1).  
• Dillon, Patrick (2002). The Much-lamented Death of Madam Geneva: The Eighteenth-century Gin Craze. London: Review. ISBN 0-7472-3545-7.  

External links

• A thorough article about the history and types of gin
• Recipes with Gin
• Gin news page - Alcohol and Drugs History Society
• Gin in Victorian London