The Gifford Lectures were established by the will of Adam Lord Gifford (d. Lord Adam Gifford ( 29 February 1820 – 20 January 1887) was a Scottish judge born in Edinburgh. 1887). Year 1887 ( MDCCCLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common They were established to "promote and diffuse the study of Natural Theology in the widest sense of the term — in other words, the knowledge of God. " The term natural theology as used by Gifford means theology supported by science and not dependent on the miraculous. Natural theology is a branch of Theology based on Reason and ordinary Experience, explaining the gods rationally as part of the physical world A miracle is an event believed to be caused by interposition of Divine intervention by a Supernatural being in the Universe by which the ordinary operation The lectures are given at the Scottish universities: University of St Andrews, University of Glasgow, University of Aberdeen and University of Edinburgh. Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. The University of St Andrews is the oldest University in Scotland and third oldest in the English-speaking world, having been founded between The University of Glasgow (Oilthigh Ghlaschu was founded in 1451 in Glasgow, Scotland and along with its contemporary institutions the University of St Andrews The University of Aberdeen is an Ancient university founded in 1495, in Old Aberdeen, Scotland. The University of Edinburgh (Oilthigh Dhùn Èideann founded in 1582 is a renowned centre for teaching and research in Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.

A Gifford lectures appointment is one of the most prestigious honors in academia. They are normally presented as a series over an academic year and given with the intent that the edited content be published in book form. A number of these works have become classics in the fields of theology or philosophy and their relationship to science. Theology is the study of a god or the gods from a religious perspective Philosophy is the study of general problems concerning matters such as existence knowledge truth beauty justice validity mind and language

Contents 1 Notable lectures 1.1 Aberdeen 1.2 Edinburgh 1.3 Glasgow 1.4 St Andrews 2 References 3 External links

Notable lectures

Aberdeen

• 1898–00 Josiah Royce The World and the Individual
• 1936–38 Karl Barth The Knowledge of God and the Service of God according to the Teaching of the Reformation
• 1951–52 Michael Polanyi Personal Knowledge: Towards a Post-Critical Philosophy, ISBN 0-226-67288-3
• 1953–54 Paul Tillich Systematic Theology (3 vols. Josiah Royce ( November 20, 1855, Grass Valley California. &ndash September 14, 1916, Cambridge Massachusetts) was an Karl Barth ( May 10, 1886 &ndash December 10, 1968) (pronounced "bart" a Swiss Reformed theologian was one Michael Polanyi (born Polányi Mihály) ( March 11, 1891, Budapest – February 22, 1976) was a Hungarian – Paul Johannes Tillich ( August 20, 1886 &ndash October 22, 1965) was a German - American theologian and Christian ): ISBN 0-226-80337-6, ISBN 0-226-80338-4, ISBN 0-226-80339-2
• 1965-1967 Raymond Aron La Conscience historique dans la pensée et dans l'action
• 1973 Hannah Arendt Life of the Mind
• 1982–84 Richard Swinburne The Evolution of the Soul, ISBN 0-19-823698-0
• 1984–85 Freeman Dyson Infinite In All Directions, ISBN 0-06-072889-2
• 1989–91 Ian Barbour Religion in an Age of Science, ISBN 0-06-060383-6
• 1992–93 Jaroslav Pelikan Christianity and Classical Culture: The Metamorphosis of Natural Theology in the Christian Encounter With Hellenism, ISBN 0-300-06255-9
• 1994–95 John W. Raymond-Claude-Ferdinand Aron ( March 14, 1905 &mdash October 17, 1983) was a French Philosopher, Sociologist and Richard G Swinburne (born December 26, 1934) is an eminent British Professor and Philosopher primarily interested in the Freeman John Dyson FRS (born December 15, 1923) is an English-born American theoretical Physicist and Mathematician, famous for his Infinite In All Directions is a Book on a wide range of subjects including History, Philosophy, Research, Technology, Ian Graeme Barbour (b 1923 Beijing, China) is an American scholar on the relationship between science and religion Jaroslav Jan Pelikan ( 17 December 1923 – 13 May 2006) was one of the world's leading scholars in the History of Christianity and Rogerson Faith and Criticism in the Work of William Robertson Smith, 1846-1894
• 1994–95 M. A. Stewart New Light and Enlightenment
• 1994–95 Peter Jones Science and Religion before and after Hume
• 1994–95 James H. Peter Jones (12 June 1920 – 10 April 2000 was an English Actor, Playwright and broadcaster. Burns The Order of Nature
• 1994–95 Alexander Broadie The Shadow of Scotus
• 1997–98 Russell Stannard The God Experiment
• 2000–01 John S. Habgood The Concept of Nature
• 2003–04 John Haldane Mind, Soul and Deity
• 2003 Eleonore Stump Wandering in the Darkness

Edinburgh

• 1891 George Gabriel Stokes Natural Theology
• 1900–02 William James The Varieties of Religious Experience, ISBN 0-679-64011-8 (several editions in print)
• 1909–10 William Warde Fowler The Religious Experience of the Roman People, ISBN 0-8154-0372-0
• 1911–12 Bernard Bosanquet The Principle of Individuality and Value, ISBN 0-527-10036-6
• 1913–14 Henri Bergson The Problem of Personality
• 1915–16 William Mitchell Ramsay Asianic Elements in Greek Civilization, ISBN 0-89005-173-9
• 1919–21 George Stout Mind and Matter pub. Russell Stannard is Professor Emeritus of Physics at the Open University. John Stapylton Habgood Baron Habgood PC (born 1927 was Bishop of Durham from 1973 to 1983 and Archbishop of York from 1983 to 1995 John Joseph Haldane KHS (born February 19, 1954) is a notable British philosopher and broadcaster and a member of the Scottish aristocratic family of Haldane Sir George Gabriel Stokes 1st Baronet FRS ( 13 August 1819 &ndash 1 February 1903) was a mathematician and physicist For other people named William James see William James (disambiguation William James (January 11 1842 – August 26 1910 was a pioneering The Varieties of Religious Experience A Study in Human Nature is a book by the Harvard psychologist and philosopher William James that comprises his edited William Warde Fowler ( May 16 1847&ndash June 15 1921 was an English Historian and Ornithologist, and tutor at Lincoln College Bernard Bosanquet ( July 14, 1848, Rock Hall, Alnwick, Northumberland, &ndash February 8, 1923, London Sir William Mitchell Ramsay ( March 15, 1851, Glasgow &ndash April 20, 1939) was a Scottish Archaeologist and George Frederick Stout (G F Stout (1860 – 1944 was a leading British Philosopher. 1931
• 1921–23 Andrew Seth Pringle-Pattison Studies in the Philosophy of Religion, ISBN 0-404-60474-9
• 1923–25 James George Frazer The Worship of Nature ISBN 1-56459-532-3
• 1926–27 Arthur Eddington The Nature of the Physical World, ISBN 0-472-06015-5
• 1927–28 Alfred North Whitehead Process and Reality: An Essay in Cosmology, ISBN 0-02-934570-7
• 1928–29 John Dewey The Quest for Certainty: A Study of the Relation of Knowledge and Action, ISBN 1-4179-0845-9
• 1934–35 Albert Schweitzer The Problem of Natural Theology and Natural Ethics (unpublished)
• 1937–38 Charles Sherrington Man on His Nature, ISBN 0-521-06436-8
• 1938–40 Reinhold Niebuhr The Nature and Destiny of Man: A Christian Interpretation , (2 vol set): ISBN 0-664-25709-7
• 1947–49 Christopher Dawson part 1:Religion and Culture ISBN 0-404-60498-6 part 2: Religion and the Rise of Western Culture ISBN 0-385-42110-9
• 1949–50 Niels Bohr Causality and Complementarity: Epistemological Lessons of Studies in Atomic Physics, ISBN 1-881987-14-0
• 1952–53 Arnold J. Toynbee An Historian's Approach to Religion, ISBN 0-19-215260-2
• 1954–55 Rudolf Bultmann History and Eschatology: The Presence of Eternity, ISBN 0-8371-8123-2
• 1973–74 Owen Chadwick The Secularisation of the European Mind in the 19th Century, ISBN 0-521-39829-0
• 1974–76 Stanley Jaki The Road of Science and the Ways to God, ISBN 0-226-39145-0
• 1978–79 Sir John Eccles The Human Mystery, The Human Psyche, ISBN 0-387-09954-9
• 1979–80 Ninian Smart "The Varieties of Religious Identity", published as Beyond Ideology: Religion and the Future of Western Civilisation, ISBN 0-06-067402-4
• 1980–81 Seyyed Hossein Nasr Knowledge and the Sacred, ISBN 0-7914-0177-4
• 1981–82 Iris Murdoch Metaphysics as a Guide to Morals, ISBN 0-14-017232-7
• 1984–85 Jurgen Moltmann God in Creation: A New Theology of Creation and the Spirit of God, ISBN 0-8006-2823-3
• 1986–87 John Hick An Interpretation of Religion, (2nd ed. Andrew Seth (1856–1931 who changed his name to Andrew Seth Pringle-Pattison to fulfill the terms of a bequest was a Scottish Philosopher. Sir Arthur Stanley Eddington, OM (28 December 1882 – 22 November 1944 was an English Astrophysicist of the early 20th century Alfred North Whitehead, OM ( February 15 1861, Ramsgate, Kent, England &ndash December 30 1947, John Dewey (October 20 1859 &ndash June 1 1952 was an American Philosopher, Psychologist, and educational reformer, whose thoughts and ideas have Albert Schweitzer, MD, OM, (January 14 1875 &ndash September 4 1965 was an Alsatian theologian, Musician, Philosopher Sir Charles Scott Sherrington OM, GBE, PRS ( November 27, 1857 - March 4, 1952) was an English neurophysiologist Karl Paul Reinhold Niebuhr ( June 21, 1892 &ndash June 1, 1971) was an American theologian. Christopher Henry Dawson (1889 – 1970 was an English Independent scholar, who wrote many books on Cultural history and Christendom. Niels Henrik David Bohr (nels ˈb̥oɐ̯ˀ in Danish 7 October 1885 – 18 November 1962 was a Danish Physicist who made fundamental contributions to understanding This page is about the universal historian Arnold Joseph Toynbee for the economic historian Arnold Toynbee see this article. Rudolf Karl Bultmann ( August 20, 1884 – July 30, 1976) was a German theologian of Lutheran background who William Owen Chadwick, OM, KBE, FBA, FRSE (born 20 May 1916) is a British professor writer and prominent historian The Reverend Father Professor Stanley L Jaki OSB (b Győr, Hungary August 17 1924) is a Benedictine priest and Distinguished Sir John Carew Eccles, AC FRS FRACP FRSNZ FAAS ( January 27, 1903 &ndash May 2, 1997 Professor Roderick Ninian Smart (May 6 1927 &ndash January 29 2001 was a Scottish writer and university educator TemplateInfobox Muslim scholars --> Seyyed Hossein Nasr ( Persian سید حسین نصر) an Iranian Dame Jean Iris Murdoch DBE ( 15 July 1919 &ndash 8 February 1999) was a Dublin -born writer and philosopher Jürgen Moltmann (born April 8, 1926) is a German Protestant theologian. Professor John Harwood Hick (born Yorkshire, England, 1922 is a philosopher of religion and theologian. ): ISBN 0-300-10668-8
• 1987–88 Alasdair MacIntyre Three Rival Versions of Moral Enquiry: ISBN 0-7156-2337-0
• 1993–94 John Polkinghorne Science and Christian Belief: Theological Reflections of a Bottom-up Thinker, ISBN 0-281-04714-6
• 1995-6 G. A. Cohen If you're an Egalitarian, how come you're so Rich?, published by Harvard University Press under the same title: ISBN 0-674-00693-3
• 1997–98 Holmes Rolston III Genes, Genesis and God, ISBN 0-521-64674-X
• 1998–99 Charles Taylor, Living in a Secular Age, published as A Secular Age: ISBN 0-674-02676-4
• 1999–2000 David Tracy, This side of God
• 2000–01 Onora O'Neill, Autonomy and Trust in Bioethics
• 2001–02 Mohammed Arkoun, Inaugurating a Critique of Islamic Reason
• 2002–03 Michael Ignatieff The Lesser Evil - Political Ethics in an Age of Terror, ISBN 0-691-11751-9
• 2003–04 J. Alasdair Chalmers MacIntyre (born January 12, 1929 in Glasgow, Scotland) is a philosopher primarily known for his contribution to moral John Polkinghorne, Gerald Allan "Jerry" Cohen, (born 1941 is a marxist political philosopher presently the Chichele Professor of Social and Political Theory, All Souls College Holmes Rolston III (born 1932) is University Distinguished Professor of philosophy at Colorado State University. Charles Margrave Taylor (born November 5, 1931) CC GOQ MA DPhil FRSC is a Philosopher from Onora Sylvia O'Neill Baroness O'Neill of Bengarve CBE PBA FAMS FRS (Hon Professor Mohammed Arkoun ( Arabic: محمد أركون (born February 1, 1928 in Taourirt-Mimoun, Algeria is one of the most influential scholars Michael Grant Ignatieff, MP (/ɪgˈnatʃəf/ (born May 12, 1947 in Toronto) is a Public intellectual, Historian, Wentzel van Huyssteen Alone in the World? Human Uniqueness in Science and Theology, ISBN 0-8028-3246-6
• 2004–05 Dame Margaret Anstee, Stephen Toulmin, and Noam Chomsky, delivering a series of lectures dedicated to Edward Said who was scheduled to give the 2004–05 series before his death in 2003. Stephen Edelston Toulmin (born March 25, 1922) is a British Philosopher, Author, and Educator. Avram Noam Chomsky (noʊm ˈtʃɑmski born December 7 1928 is an American linguist, Philosopher, cognitive scientist, Political Edward Wadie Saïd MRSL ( إدوارد وديع سعيد,; 1 November 1935 &ndash 25 September
• 2005–06 Jean Bethke Elshtain, Sovereign God, Sovereign State, Sovereign Self
• 2006–07 Simon Conway Morris Darwin 's Compass: How Evolution Discovers the Song of Creation and Jonathan Riley-Smith, The Crusades and Christianity
• 2007–08 Alexander Nehamas, TBA and Robert M. Jean Bethke Elshtain (born 1941 is an American political philosopher. Simon Conway Morris FRS is a British Paleontologist. He was born in 1951 and brought up in London England Jonathan Simon Christopher Riley-Smith MA LittD FRHistS, (June 27 1938 -) is an historian of the Crusades and a former Dixie Professor of Ecclesiastical History. Alexander Nehamas (born 1946 is Professor of Philosophy and Edmund N Veatch, Hipprocratic, Religious and Secular Medical Ethics: The Point of Conflict

Glasgow

• 1888–92 Friedrich Max Müller 1888: Natural Religion vol. For the Danish Colonel Max Müller see Second War of Schleswig. 1 & 2; 1890: Physical Religion; 1891: Anthropological Religion: 1892: Theosophy or Psychological Religion
• 1892–96 John Caird The Fundamental Ideas of Christianity Vol. John Caird may refer to John Caird (theologian (1820–1898Scottish theologian John Caird (director (born 1948 British stage director 1&2
• 1896–98 Alexander Balmain Bruce The Moral Order of the World, The Providential Order of the World
• 1914 Arthur Balfour Theism and Humanism ISBN 1-58742-005-8
• 1916–18 Samuel Alexander Space, Time, and Deity, volume one: ISBN 0766187012, volume two: ISBN 0766187020
• 1922 Arthur Balfour Theism and Thought
• 1927–28 J. B. S. Haldane The Sciences and Philosophy, ISBN 0-404-60479-X
• 1932–34 William Temple Nature, Man and God
• 1952-54 John Macmurray The Form of the Personal vol 1: The Self as Agent ISBN 1573923370 vol 2: Persons in Relation ISBN 1573926256
• 1959 Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker The Relevance of Science
• 1970 Richard William Southern The Rise and Fall of the Medieval System of Religious Thought
• 1985 Carl Sagan The Search for Who We Are, published in 2006 as The Varieties of Scientific Experience: A Personal View of the Search for God, ISBN 1-59420-107-2
• 1988 Don Cupitt Nature and Culture
• 1988 Richard Dawkins Worlds in Microcosm
• 1992 Mary Warnock Imagination and Understanding, published as Imagination and Time, ISBN 0-631-19019-8
• 1993–94 Keith Ward Religion and Revelation ISBN 0-19-826375-9 (ISBN 13: 978-0-19-826375-3)
• 1995–96 John Hedley Brooke Reconstructing Nature
• 1997–98 R J (Sam) Berry Gods, Genes, Greens and Everything
• 1999–00 Ralph McInerny Characters in Search of Their Author
• 2001 Lynne Baker The Nature and Limits of Human Understanding
• 2003–04 Simon Blackburn Reason's Empire

St Andrews

• 1902–04 Richard Haldane The Pathway to Reality, ISBN 0-404-60459-5
• 1917–18 William R. Inge The Philosophy of Plotinus, ISBN 1-59244-284-6
• 1921–22 C. Lloyd Morgan Emergent Evolution (1923) ISBN 0-40460468-4, and Life, Mind, and Spirit (1925)
• 1955–56 Werner Heisenberg Physics and Philosophy: The Revolution in Modern Science, ISBN 1-57392-694-9
• 1972–73 Alfred Ayer The Central Questions of Philosophy, ISBN 0-03-013116-2
• 1975–77 Reijer Hooykaas Fact, Faith and Fiction in the Development of Science
• 1977–78 David Stafford-Clark Myth, Magic and Denial
• 1980–81 Gregory Vlastos Socrates: Ironist and Moral Philosopher
• 1982–83 Donald Geoffrey Charlton New Images of the Natural, 1750-1800
• 1983–84 John Macquarrie In Search of Deity
• 1984–85 Adolf Grunbaum Psychoanalytic Theory and Science
• 1986–87 Antony Flew The Logic of Mortality
• 1988–89 Walter Burkert Tracks of Biology and the Creation of Sense
• 1990–91 Hilary Putnam Renewing Philosophy
• 1992–93 Arthur Peacocke Nature, God and Humanity:
• 1992–93 Roger Penrose The Question of Physical Reality
• 1995 Nicholas Wolterstorff Thomas Reid and the Story of Epistemology
• 1996–97 Michael Dummett Thought and Reality
• 1999 Robert Merrihew Adams God and Being
• 1999 Marilyn McCord Adams The Coherence of Christology
• 2001–02 Stanley Hauerwas With the Grain of the Universe: The Church's Witness and Natural Theology, ISBN 1-58743-016-9
• 2002 Peter van Inwagen The Problem of Evil and the Argument from Evil
• 2004–05 Alvin Plantinga Science and Religion: Conflict or Concord

References

• Stanley Jaki, Lord Gifford and His Lectures: A Centenary Retrospect (1987). Alexander Balmain Bruce ( January 31, 1831 - August 7, 1899) was a Scottish churchman and theologian. Arthur James Balfour 1st Earl of Balfour, KG, OM, PC (25 July 1848 - 19 March 1930 was a British Conservative politician and Samuel Alexander OM ( 6 January 1859 - 13 September 1938) was an Australian born British Philosopher Arthur James Balfour 1st Earl of Balfour, KG, OM, PC (25 July 1848 - 19 March 1930 was a British Conservative politician and John Burdon Sanderson Haldane FRS ( 5 November 1892 &ndash 1 December 1964) known as Jack (but who used 'J William Temple ( 15 October 1881 – 26 October 1944) was a priest in the Church of England. John Stewart Wright MacMurray ( 30 December 1958 — 20 August 2006) was a Canadian Musician from Saint John, Carl Friedrich Freiherr von Weizsäcker ( June 28, 1912 &ndash 28 April 2007) was a German Physicist and Philosopher Sir Richard William Southern (1912-2001 was a notable English medieval Historian, based at the University of Oxford. Carl Edward Sagan ( November 9 1934 &ndash December 20 1996) was an American Astronomer, astrochemist, author Don Cupitt (born May 22, 1934) has been described as a radical theologian and is often associated with Nihilist textualism Clinton Richard Dawkins, FRS, FRSL (born 26 March 1941 is a British ethologist, evolutionary biologist, and Popular science Helen Mary Warnock Baroness Warnock, DBE, FBA (born 14 April 1924) is a British Philosopher of morality, The Reverend Professor (John Stephen Keith Ward (born 22 August 1938) is a British cleric philosopher theologian and scholar John Hedley Brooke was the first Andreas Idreos Professor of Science and Religion within the Faculty of Theology at The University of Oxford from 1999 through Robert James "Sam" Berry (born 1934 is a British Geneticist, naturalist and Christian Simon Blackburn (born 1944 is a British academic Philosopher known for his efforts to popularise Philosophy. Richard Burdon Sanderson Haldane 1st Viscount Haldane, KT, OM, PC, FRS, FSA ( 30 July 1856 - 19 August William Ralph Inge (ˈɪŋ "ing" June 6 1860 – February 26 1954) was an English author Anglican C Lloyd Morgan (Conwy Lloyd Morgan ( 6 February 1852 - 6 March 1936) was a British psychologist. Werner Heisenberg (5 December 1901 in Würzburg &ndash1 February 1976 in Munich) was a German theoretical physicist best known for enunciating the Sir Alfred Jules ("Freddie" Ayer ( October 29, 1910 &ndash June 27, 1989) better known as A Reijer Hooykaas (* August 1 1906 in Schoonhoven; † January 4 1994) was a historian of science Gregory Vlastos ( July 27, 1907 &ndash October 12, 1991) was a Scholar of ancient Philosophy, and author of several works John Macquarrie FBA TD ( June 27, 1919 &ndash May 28, 2007) was a Scottish-born theologian and philosopher Adolf Grünbaum (born 1923 in Cologne, Germany) is a philosopher of science and a critic of Psychoanalysis and Karl Popper. Professor Antony Garrard Newton Flew (born 11 February 1923 is a British Philosopher. Walter Burkert (born Neuendettelsau, Bavaria, February 2, 1931) a scholar of Greek mythology and cult, is an emeritus Hilary Whitehall Putnam (born July 31 1926 is an American Philosopher who has been a central figure in Western philosophy since the 1960s especially in Philosophy The Reverend Canon Arthur Robert Peacocke MBE ( 29 November 1924 - 21 October 2006) was a British theologian and scientist Sir Roger Penrose, PhD, OM, FRS (born 8 August 1931) is an English Mathematical physicist and Emeritus Nicholas Wolterstorff (born January 21, 1932 in Bigelow Minnesota) is the Noah Porter Professor Emeritus of Philosophical Sir Michael Anthony Eardley Dummett FBA DLitt (born 1925 is a leading British Philosopher. For other persons named Robert Adams see Robert Adams (disambiguation Robert Merrihew Adams ( Bob Adams; born 1937 is an American The Revd Canon Prof Marilyn McCord Adams (born 1943 is an American Philosopher of religion, a theologian and a writer on Medieval Stanley Hauerwas (b July 24, 1940) is a United Methodist Theologian, Ethicist, and professor of Law. Peter van Inwagen is John Cardinal O'Hara Professor of Philosophy at the University of Notre Dame. Alvin Carl Plantinga (born 1932 is a contemporary American Philosopher known for his work in Epistemology, Metaphysics, and the Philosophy Scottish Academic Press, ISBN 0-7073-0465-2.
• Larry Witham, The Measure of God: Our Century-Long Struggle to Reconcile Science & Religion (2005), HarperSanFrancisco hardcover: ISBN 0-06-059191-9; reprinted as The Measure of God: History's Greatest Minds Wrestle with Reconciling Science and Religion (2006), paperback: ISBN 0-06-085833-8.

External links

• Gifford Lectures Online presents full text of many series.

---

© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic