Giant multinucleated cells are seen in the early stages of active infection with the acid-fast bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of the disease tuberculosis. Acid-fastness is a physical property of some bacteria referring to their resistance to decolorization by acids during staining procedures The Bacteria ( singular: bacterium) are a large group of unicellular Microorganisms Typically a few Micrometres in length bacteria have Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the Bacterium that causes most cases of Tuberculosis. Tuberculosis (abbreviated as TB for tubercle bacillus or T u' b' erculosis Bacillus --> is a common
Formation
Following inhalation of the M. tuberculosis bacterium and its attachment to the lumen of the alveolus, immune cells known as macrophages identify the bacterium as "foreign" and attempt to eliminate it by phagocytosis. An alveolus (plural alveoli, from Latin alveolus, "little cavity" is an anatomical structure that has the form of a hollow cavity Macrophages ( Greek: "big eaters" from makros "large" + phagein "eat" ( Mø) are cells within the tissues that Phagocytosis is the cellular process of engulfing solid particles by the Cell membrane to form an internal Phagosome, or "food vacuole During this process, the entire bacterium is enveloped by the macrophage and stored temporarily in a membrane-bound vesicle called a phagosome. In cell biology a phagosome is a Vacuole formed around a particle absorbed by Phagocytosis. The phagosome then combines with a lysosome to create a phagolysosome. Lysosomes are Organelles that contain Digestive enzymes (acid Hydrolases. A phagolysosome is a membrane-enclosed Organelle which is formed from the fusing of a Lysosome and a Phagosome. In the phagolysosome, the cell attempts to use reactive oxygen species and acid to kill the bacterium. Reactive oxygen species (ROS are ions or very small molecules that include Oxygen Ions free radicals, and Peroxides both inorganic and However, M. tuberculosis has a thick, waxy mycolic acid capsule that protects it from these toxic substances. Mycolic acids are long Fatty acids found in the Cell walls of the mycolata Taxon, a group of Bacteria that includes Mycobacterium M. tuberculosis actually reproduces inside the macrophage and will eventually kill the immune cell. Other macrophages attack the infected macrophage, fusing together to form a giant multinucleated cell in the alveolar lumen.
Transformation into tubercules
The giant multinucleated cell eventually becomes necrotic and dies. Necrosis (in Greek Νεκρός = "dead" is the name given to unnatural Death of cells and living tissue. However, the M. tuberculosis bacterium inside is still viable. When the periphery of the giant multinucleated cell becomes calcified, a tubercule (also known as a granuloma) is formed, which remains in the lungs and may eventually need to be surgically excised. tubercle (anatomyA tubercle is generally a wart-like projection but it has slightly different meaning depending on which family of plants or animals it is used to refer to In Medicine ( Anatomical pathology) a granuloma (classical Latin plural granulomata; modern anglicized plural granulomas, also accepted The giant multinucleated cell can also liquefy and spread the bacterial infection to the blood or other tissues.
References
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic