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Ghee in a jar
Ghee in a jar

Ghee (Hindi घी ghī, Urdu گھی ghī, Punjabi ਘਿਉ/گھیو ghiu, Kashmiri ग्याव/گیاو gyāw, Bengali: ঘি ghi or ঘৃত ghrito - from Sanskrit घृत ghṛtə "sprinkled"), tup (Marathi तूप tūp), or samna (Arabic as سمنة, samnah) is a class of clarified butter that originated in the Indian subcontinent, and is important in South Asian and Middle Eastern cuisine such as Levantine and Egyptian cuisines and in Ethiopian/Eritrean cuisines. Hindi ( Devanāgarī: hi [[wiktहिन्दी हिन्दी]] or hi [[wiktहिंदी हिंदी]] IAST:, IPA:) is Urdu ( ur '''{{Nastaliq اردو}}''' trans Urdū, historically spelled Ordu) is a Central Indo-Aryan language Urdu is a standardised Punjabi (pa ਪੰਜਾਬੀ in Gurmukhi script pa-PK {{Nastaliq پنجابی}} in Shahmukhi script Pañjābī in Transliteration) is an Kashmiri (कॉशुर کٲشُر Koshur) is a Dardic language spoken primarily in the valley of Kashmir, a region situated in the Indian state Sanskrit (sa संस्कृता वाक् saṃskṛtā vāk, for short sa संस्कृतम् saṃskṛtam) is a historical Marathi (mr मराठी Marāṭhī) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by the Marathi people of what is considered western India. Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language Clarified butter is Butter that has been rendered to separate the milk solids and water from the Butter fat. This article deals with the geophysical region in Asia For geopolitical treatments see South Asia. South Asian cuisine, also known as Desi cuisine, includes the Cuisines from the Indian subcontinent. The term Middle Eastern cuisine refers to the various Cuisines of the Middle East. See also Names of the Levant The Levant (lə'vænt is a geographical term that denotes a large area in Western Asia, roughly bounded on the north by the Egyptian cuisine consists of the local culinary traditions of Egypt.

Contents

Preparation

Ghee is made by simmering unsalted butter in a large pot until all water has boiled off and protein has settled to the bottom. Simmering is a Cooking technique in which Foods are cooked in hot liquids kept at or just barely below the boiling point of Water (at average sea level Butter is a Dairy product made by churning fresh or fermented Cream or Milk. "Saucepan" redirects here In Australia "the Saucepan" is sometimes used as an unofficial name for part of the constellation of Pavo, when finding the Proteins are large Organic compounds made of Amino acids arranged in a linear chain and joined together by Peptide bonds between the Carboxyl The cooked and clarified butter is then spooned off to avoid disturbing the milk solids on the bottom of the pan. Unlike butter, ghee can be stored for extended periods without refrigeration, provided it is kept in an airtight container to prevent oxidation and remains moisture-free. Butter is a Dairy product made by churning fresh or fermented Cream or Milk. Refrigeration is the process of removing Heat from an enclosed space or from a substance and moving it to a place where it is unobjectionable A hermetic seal is a seal which for practical purposes is considered airtight Redox (shorthand for reduction-oxidation reaction describes all Chemical reactions in which atoms have their Oxidation number ( Oxidation state [1]

Religious uses

Ghee was frequently used for libations in Vedic rituals (see Yajurveda), and there is even a hymn to ghee. A libation (spondee in Greek) is a Ritual pouring of a drink as an offering to a god. This article discusses the historical religious practices in the Vedic time period see Hinduism and Indian religions for details The Yajurveda ( Sanskrit यजुर्वेदः, a Tatpurusha compound of yajus "sacrificial formula' + veda A hymn is a type of Song, usually religious specifically written for the purpose of praise adoration or Prayer, and typically addressed to a deity/deities [Language and Style of the Vedic Rsis, Tatyana Jakovlevna Elizarenkova (C) 1995, p. 18. ] Ghee is also burnt in the Hindu religious ritual of Aarti and is the principal fuel used for the Hindu votive lamp known as the diya or deep. Hinduism is a religious tradition that originated in the Indian subcontinent. For the similarly spelled Christian movement see Arathi. Aarti, ãrti, arathi, Aarthi, or ãrati It is used in marriages and funerals, and for bathing idols during worship. In other religious observances, such as the prayers to Shiva on Maha Shivaratri, ghee is sacrificed along with four other sacred substances: sugar, milk, Dahi, and honey which is called the Panchamrut. Shiva:(pronunciation; Sanskrit: शिव Śiva, lit "Auspicious one" One of the Trimurtis Shiva is the supreme God in the Shaiva Maha Shivratri or Maha Sivaratri or Shivaratri or Sivaratri ( Night of Shiva or "Great Night of Shiva" is a Hindu festival celebrated every year on Sugar is a class of edible Crystalline substances mainly Sucrose, Lactose, and Fructose. Milk is an opaque white liquid produced by the Mammary glands of female Mammals (including Monotremes. Strained yoghurt, yoghurt cheese, labneh / labaneh ( Arabic لبنة) or Greek yoghurt is Yoghurt which has Honey is a sweet and Viscous fluid produced by Honey bees (and some other species and derived from the nectar of Flowers According to the According to the Mahabharata, ghee is the very root of sacrifice by Bhishma. Bhishma: One of the strongest characters of the Mahabharata. He was the great-uncle of both the Pandavas and the Kauravas A unparalleled archer he once

Ayurvedic medicine

Ayurvedic texts describe many diverse mind/body benefits. Ayurveda ( Devanāgarī: आयुर्वॆद the 'science of life' is a system of Traditional medicine native to India, and practiced in other For example,

Eating ghee is also believed to enhance virility and sexual potency. Virility refers to any of a wide range of masculine characteristics viewed positively Excessive consumption of ghee is known to cause bromhidrosis. Body odor (spelled body odour outside the United States often abbreviated as B

Outside of India

Several cultures make ghee outside of India. Egyptians make a product called سمنة بلدي (samna baladi, literally meaning "local ghee"; i. This article is about the contemporary North African ethnic group e. Egyptian ghee) virtually identical to ghee in terms of process and end result. In Ethiopia, niter kibbeh (Amharic: ንጥር ቅቤ niṭer ḳibē) is made and used in much the same way as ghee, but with spices added during the process that result in a distinctive taste. NOTE This intro is the result of careful NPOV work Please do not make potentially controversial edits to it without first discussing on the talk page Niter kibbeh, or niter qibe ( Ge'ez ንጥር ቅቤ niṭer ḳibē) also called tesmi (in Tigrinya) is a seasoned clarified Amharic (አማርኛ amarəñña) is a Semitic language spoken in North Central Ethiopia by the Amhara. Moroccans (especially Berbers) take this one step further, aging spiced ghee in the ground for months or even years, resulting in a product called smen. Morocco (المغرب "al-Maghrib" officially the Kingdom of Morocco (المملكة المغربية is a country located in North Africa Berbers are the indigenous peoples of North Africa west of the Nile Valley. Smen (also called sman, semneh, or sminn) is a traditional cooking oil most commonly in North African and Middle Eastern cuisines In Northeastern Brazil, a non-refrigerated butter very similar to ghee, called manteiga-de-garrafa (Butter-in-a-bottle) or manteiga-da-terra (Butter of the land), is extremely popular

Nutrition and health concerns

Like any clarified butter, ghee is composed almost entirely of saturated fat. |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld Clarified butter is Butter that has been rendered to separate the milk solids and water from the Butter fat. Saturated fat is Fat that consists of Triglycerides containing only saturated Fatty acids Explanation Fat that occurs Ghee has been shown to reduce serum cholesterol in one rodent study. [2] Studies in Wistar rats have revealed one mechanism by which ghee reduces plasma LDL cholesterol. Low-density lipoprotein ( LDL) is a type of Lipoprotein that transports Cholesterol and Triglycerides from the Liver to peripheral This action is mediated by an increased secretion of biliary lipids. In Statistics, a mediation model is one that seeks to identify and explicate the mechanism that underlies an observed relationship between an Independent variable A bile duct is any of a number of long tube-like structures that carry Bile. Lipids are broadly defined as any fat- Soluble ( lipophilic) naturally-occurring Molecule, such as fats oils waxes cholesterol sterols fat-soluble The nutrition facts label found on bottled cow's ghee produced in the USA indicates 8mg of cholesterol per teaspoon. The nutrition facts label (also known as the nutrition information panel, and various other slight variations is a label required on most pre-packaged foods in North America

Indian restaurants and some households may use hydrogenated vegetable oil (also known as vanaspati, Dalda, or "vegetable ghee") in place of ghee for economic reasons. Vanaspati ( Devanagari: वनस्पति is the Sanskrit word that now refers to the entire Plant kingdom. Dalda is a brand of Hydrogenated vegetable oil popular in South Asia. This "vegetable ghee" is actually polyunsaturated or monounsaturated partially hydrogenated vegetable oil, a trans fat. Hydrogenation is the Chemical reaction that results in addition of Hydrogen (H2 Trans fat is the common name for a type of Unsaturated fat with trans - isomer Fatty acid (s Trans fats are increasingly linked to serious chronic health conditions. Not only is "vegetable ghee" implicated in causing high LDL, it also lacks the health-promoting benefits claimed for "Shuddh" (Hindi for Pure) ghee. Low-density lipoprotein ( LDL) is a type of Lipoprotein that transports Cholesterol and Triglycerides from the Liver to peripheral Hindi ( Devanāgarī: hi [[wiktहिन्दी हिन्दी]] or hi [[wiktहिंदी हिंदी]] IAST:, IPA:) is The term Shuddh Ghee, however, is not officially enforced in many regions, so partially hydrogenated oils are marketed as Pure Ghee in some areas. Where this is illegal in India, law-enforcement often cracks down on the sale of fake ghee. [3] Ghee is also sometimes called desi (country-made) ghee or asli (genuine) ghee to distinguish it from "vegetable ghee". Desi (or Deshi; ˈd̪eːsi or, Hindi: देसी Urdu: دیسی Punjabi: ਦੇਸੀ دیسی is a word originally from Sanskrit

When cooking, it can be unhealthy to heat polyunsaturated oils such as vegetable oils to high temperatures. Doing so creates peroxides and other free radicals. In Chemistry, radicals (often referred to as free radicals) are atoms molecules or ions with Unpaired electrons on an otherwise Open shell These substances lead to a variety of health problems and diseases. On the other hand, ghee has a very high smoke point and doesn't burn or smoke easily during cooking. The smoke point refers to the temperature at which a cooking fat or oil begins to break down Because ghee has the more stable saturated bonds (i. e. , it lacks double bonds which are easily damaged by heat) it is not as likely to form the dangerous free radicals when cooking.
Ghee's short chain fatty acids are also metabolized very readily by the body, which would seem to negate concerns of its health effects. However, there is significant controversy between traditional oils and modern industrially processed oils which tends to heavily cloud the facts and issues surrounding oil consumption.

The American Heart Association recommends choosing dishes prepared without ghee. [4]

References

  1. ^ Ghee -- Indian clarified butter. food-india. com. Retrieved on 2007-01-13. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 532 - Nika riots in Constantinople. 888 - Odo Count of Paris becomes King of the Franks
  2. ^ Matam Vijaya Kumara; Kari Sambaiaha; Belur R. Lokesh (February 2000). "Hypocholesterolemic effect of anhydrous milk fat ghee is mediated by increasing the secretion of biliary lipids". The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 11 (2): 69-75. doi:10.1016/S0955-2863(99)00072-8. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document.  
  3. ^ Sellers of fake ghee booked in Hyderabad. hindu. com. Retrieved on 2007-03-03. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1284 - Statute of Rhuddlan incorporated the Principality of Wales into England 1575 - Indian
  4. ^ Tips for Eating Indian Food. American Heart Association. The American Heart Association (AHA is a Non-profit organization in the United States that fosters appropriate Retrieved on 2006-12-26. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1481 - Battle of Westbrook - Holland defeats troops of Utrecht.

External links

Dictionary

ghee

-noun

  1. A type of clarified butter used in South Asian cooking; usli ghee.
  2. (in India) vegetable oil for cooking.
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