In Hindustani music, a gharānā is a system of social organization linking musicians or dancers by lineage and/or apprenticeship, and by adherence to a particular musical style. The music of India' includes multiple varieties of folk, popular, pop, and classical music. The origins of Indian classical music can be found from the oldest of Scriptures part of the Hindu tradition the Vedas. Hindustani Classical Music ( Hindi: हिन्दुस्तानी शास्त्रीय संगीत Urdu: ہندوستانی شاستریے سنگیت Carnatic music (also spelled Karnatak music or Karnatik music, and originally called Karṇāṭaka sangīta or Karṇāṭaka sangītam in India The Carnatic classical music tradition gained impetus in the 15th century through the works of Purandara Dasa, one of the foremost Haridasa Saints of the Vijayanagara Carnatic music is the classical music of South India Some of the more popular carnatic singers are Alathur Brothers Ariyakudi Ramanuja Iyengar Rāga ( Sanskrit, lit "colour" or "mood" or rāgam in Carnatic music) refers to melodic modes used A thaat (ঠাট also transliterated as that) is a mode in Hindustani music. Melakarta is a collection of fundamental Ragas (musical scales in Carnatic music (South Indian classical music The Katapayadi sankhya is a way of determining the number of a Melakarta Ragam from the first two syllables of the name of the Raga. The śruti ( Sanskrit "thing heard" "sound" written also sruti or shruti is the smallest interval of the tuning system in for the town in Nepal see Swara Nepal The notes or swaras, of Indian music are shadja rishabh gandhar madhyam pancham dhaivat and nishad Saptak means "gamut" or "the series of seven notes" In Indian classical music, Tala ( Sanskrit tāla literally a "clap" is a rhythmical pattern that determines the rhythmical structure of a composition Mudra is the unique signature of a Carnatic music composer which is woven into some or all of their respective compositions Hindustani Classical Music ( Hindi: हिन्दुस्तानी शास्त्रीय संगीत Urdu: ہندوستانی شاستریے سنگیت
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Vocal gharanas
- See also: Category:Vocal gharanas
The best-known vocal gharānās are:[1]
- Gwalior gharana, Gwalior
- Agra gharana, Agra
- Kirana gharana
- Jaipur-Atrauli gharana
- Rampur-Sahaswan gharana
- Patiala gharana
- Delhi gharana
- Bhendi Bazar gharana
- Benaras gharana, Banaras
- Bishnupur gharana, Bengal
- Kasur gharana
- Mewati gharana
- Sufiana gharana, Kashmir
- Sham Chaurasia gharana, Punjab (Pakistan)
Some of the lesser known gharanas are:-
- Darbhanga gharana, Darbhanga,Bihar - This Gharana is famous for rendition of Dhrupad. The Gwalior Gharana is one of the oldest Khayal Gharanas and one to which most classical Indian musicians can trace the origin of their style WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Gwalior ( Hindi: ग्वालियर) is a city in Madhya Pradesh in India Introduction Agra Gharana is a tradition of North Indian Classical Vocal Music descended from the Nauhar Bani. Agra ( pronounced) (आगरा آگرا is a city on the banks of the Yamuna River in the northern state of Uttar Pradesh, Kirana Gharana is one of the most prolific Hindustani Khyal Gharanas The name of this school of music derives from Kirana or Kairana, a The Jaipur-Atrauli Gharana (also known as the Atrauli-Jaipur Gharana, Jaipur Gharana, and Alladiyakhani Gharana) is a dissident branch of the Agra Rampur-Sahaswan gharana is a Gharana (musical heritage of Hindustani classical music centered in the North- Uttar Pradesh towns of Rampur and The Patiala Gharana is one of the most prominent Gharana s of vocal Hindustani classical music. The Delhi Gharana is the oldest of all Tabla Gharanas and is also the first to establish improvisation rules Benares gharānā is one of the six most common styles of playing of the Indian Tabla. Varanasi ( Sanskrit: वाराणसी Vārāṇasī, pronunciation) also commonly known as Benares ( or Banaras (बनारस Etymology and ethnology The exact origin of the word Bangla or Bengal is unknown though it is believed to be derived from the Dravidian-speaking tribe Bang The Mewati Gharana is a historic family tradition of Indian Classical Musicianship that started in the sixteenth century This article is about the geographical region of greater Kashmir Sham Chaurasia gharana is a Gharana (musical heritage in Hindustani classical music, known for the singing of vocal duets most notably represented in modern times The Punjab ( Urdu:) province of Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Darbhangā is a city and a Municipal corporation in and headquarters of Darbhanga district and Bihar ( Hindi:बिहार Urdu: بہار bɪhaːr) is a state in eastern India. This article is about Dhrupad the genre of Indian classical singing The style of Dhrupad of Darbhanga Gharana is also known as Khandar Vani. Pt. Ram Chatur Mallik was the most famous exponent of this Gharana in recent times. The famous exponents of this Gharana today are Pt. Vidur Narayan Mallik and Pt. Abhay Narayan Mallik.
- Bettiah gharana, Bettiah, Bihar - This Gharana is also well known for its rendition of Dhrupad. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Bettiah is the headquarters of West Champaran district in the state of Bihar, near Indo-Nepal Bihar ( Hindi:बिहार Urdu: بہار bɪhaːr) is a state in eastern India.
- Vishnupur Gharana, Vishnupur, West Bengal - Also referred to as Bishnupur Gharana - Famous for Dhrupad.
| Gharana | Based At | Famous exponent |
|---|---|---|
| Lucknow gharana | Lucknow | Pt. Lucknow is also a mansion in New Hampshire Lucknow ( लखनऊ لکھنؤ Lakhnaū) is the capital city of Uttar Pradesh Achchan Maharaj (Jagannath Maharaj) |
| Sikar Gharana | Ustad Liaquat Ali Khan, Ustad Sharafat Ali Khan | |
| Nana Panse gharana | Mathura | Pt. Makhanji |
| Farukhabad gharana | Farukhabad | Ustad Masit Khan, Jyan Prakash Ghosh, Keramatullah Khan |
Instrumental gharanas
- See also: Category:Instrumental gharanas
The best-known instrumental gharānās are:
Tabla
- Ajrarra Gharana (players: Shafat Hussin Khan, Latif Ahmed)
- Delhi Gharana, associated with the Ajrarra Gharana
- Benaras Gharana (players: Kishen Maharaj, Kumar Bose)
- Farukabad Gharana (players: Shankar Ghosh, Anindo Chatterjee)
- Lakhno Gharana (players: Santosh Biswas, Swapan Choudury)
- Punjab gharānā (players: Alla Rakha, Zakir Hussain)
Wind and String Instruments
- Gulam Ali Ggarana (Sarod)
- Sufiana Gharana of Kashmir (Santoor)
- Imdadkhani gharana or Etawah gharana (Sitar, Surbahar, Sarod, Guitar)
- Indore gharana (Been and Sitar), Indore
- Jaipur gharana, Jaipur
- Maihar gharana, Maihar
- Bishnupur gharana
Dance gharanas
In Kathak performers today generally draw their lineage from three major schools of Kathak: the Jaipur gharana, the Lucknow gharana and the Banaras gharana (born in the courts of the Kachwaha Rajput kings, the Nawab of Oudh, and Varanasi respectively); there is also a less prominent (and later) Raigarh gharana which amalgamated technique from all three preceding gharanas but became famous for its own distinctive compositions. This article is about the Indian drum For the drum with the same name in Arabic, see Goblet drum. The Delhi Gharana is the oldest of all Tabla Gharanas and is also the first to establish improvisation rules Punjab Gharana (sometimes called Punjabi or Panjabi Gharana is a style and technique of Tabla playing that originated in the Punjab region of what is now split in The sarod is a stringed musical instrument used mainly in Indian classical music. The Santur is a Persian hammered dulcimer similar to the Indian santoor. The Imdadkhani Gharana is a North Indian school of Sitar and Surbahar music stemming from the very ancient Gwalior Gharana. The sitar ( Hindi: सितार Urdu: ستار Persian: سی تار) is a Plucked stringed instrument. The Surbahar ( Hindi: सुर बहार also known as bass sitar) is a Plucked string instrument used in the Hindustani classical music The sarod is a stringed musical instrument used mainly in Indian classical music. The guitar is a Musical instrument with ancient roots that is used in a wide variety of musical styles The sitar ( Hindi: सितार Urdu: ستار Persian: سی تار) is a Plucked stringed instrument. Indore ( Hindi: इंदौर/इन्दोर, Marathi - इंदूर, the largest city and the commercial capital of the central Indian state of Jaipur ( Hindi: जयपुर also popularly known as the Pink City, is the capital of Rajasthan state, India. The Maihar gharana was formed principally by Sarod maestro Baba Allaudin Khan in Maihar, India. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Maihar (मैहर is a city and a Municipality in Satna district in the Indian See Kāṭhaka for the Vedic school Kathak ( Hindi: कथक Urdu: کتھک) is a classical dance
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