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"Cardanus" redirects here. For the lunar crater, see Cardanus (crater). Cardanus is a lunar Impact crater that is located in the western part of the Moon, in the western part of the Oceanus Procellarum mare
Gerolamo Cardano
Gerolamo Cardano
Gerolamo Cardano
Born September 24, 1501
Pavia
Died September 21, 1576
Nationality Italian
Fields mathematics
physics
Alma mater University of Pavia
Known for algebra

Gerolamo Cardano or Girolamo Cardano (English Jerome Cardan, Latin Hieronymus Cardanus; September 24, 1501 — September 21, 1576) was a celebrated Italian Renaissance mathematician, physician, astrologer and gambler. Events 622 - Prophet Muhammad completes his hegira from Mecca to Medina. Pavia (pronounced Pavìa,) the ancient Ticinum, is a town and Comune of south-western Lombardy, northern Italy, 35 km south Events 1217 - The Estonian tribal leader Lembitu of Lehola was killed in a battle against Teutonic Knights. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Mathematics is the body of Knowledge and Academic discipline that studies such concepts as Quantity, Structure, Space and Physics (Greek Physis - φύσις in everyday terms is the Science of Matter and its motion. Alma mater is Latin for "nourishing mother" It was used in Ancient Rome as a title for the mother Goddess, and in Medieval The University of Pavia ( Italian: Università degli Studi di Pavia, UNIPV is a university located in Pavia, Lombardy, Italy. Algebra is a branch of Mathematics concerning the study of structure, relation, and Quantity. Events 622 - Prophet Muhammad completes his hegira from Mecca to Medina. Events 1217 - The Estonian tribal leader Lembitu of Lehola was killed in a battle against Teutonic Knights. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest The Renaissance (from French Renaissance, meaning "rebirth" Italian: Rinascimento, from re- "again" and nascere A mathematician is a person whose primary area of study and research is the field of Mathematics. A physician, medical practitioner or medical doctor who practices Medicine, and is concerned with maintaining or restoring human Health An astrologer practices one or more forms of Astrology. Typically an astrologer draws a Horoscope for the time of an event such as a person's birth and interprets

He was born in Pavia, Italy, the illegitimate child of Fazio Cardano, a mathematically gifted lawyer, who was a friend of Leonardo da Vinci. Pavia (pronounced Pavìa,) the ancient Ticinum, is a town and Comune of south-western Lombardy, northern Italy, 35 km south In Common law, legitimacy is the status of a Child that is born to parents who are legally married to one another or that is born shortly after the Fazio Cardano ( 1444 - August 28, 1524) was an Italian jurist and Mathematician. A lawyer, according to Black's Law Dictionary, is "a person learned in the law as an attorney, Counsel or Solicitor; a person Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci ( April 15 1452 – May 2 1519 was an Italian Polymath, having been a scientist Mathematician, Engineer In his autobiography, Cardano claimed that his mother had attempted to abort him. An Shortly before his birth, his mother had to move from Milan to Pavia to escape the plague; her three other children died from the disease. Milan (Milano Milan (listen) is one of the largest cities in Italy, located in the plains of Lombardy. Pavia (pronounced Pavìa,) the ancient Ticinum, is a town and Comune of south-western Lombardy, northern Italy, 35 km south The Black Death, or the Black Plague, was one of the deadliest Pandemics in human history widely thought to have been caused by a bacterium named Yersinia

In 1520, he entered the University of Pavia and later in Padua studied medicine. The University of Pavia ( Italian: Università degli Studi di Pavia, UNIPV is a university located in Pavia, Lombardy, Italy. Padua ( Padova 'padova Latin: Patavium, Padoa) is a city in the Veneto, northern Italy. His eccentric and confrontational style did not earn him many friends and he had a difficult time finding work after his studies had ended. In 1525, Cardano repeatedly applied to the College of Physicians in Milan, but was not allowed due to his reputation and illegitimate birth.

Eventually, he managed to develop a considerable reputation as a physician and his services were highly valued at the courts. He was the first to describe typhoid fever. Typhoid fever, also known as enteric fever, bilious fever, Yellow Jack or commonly just typhoid, is an illness caused by the Bacterium

Today, he is best known for his achievements in algebra. Algebra is a branch of Mathematics concerning the study of structure, relation, and Quantity. He published the solutions to the cubic and quartic equations in his 1545 book Ars Magna. This article discusses cubic equations in one variable For a discussion of cubic equations in two variables see Elliptic curve. In Mathematics, a quartic equation is one which can be expressed as a Quartic function equalling zero The Ars Magna ( Latin: "The Great Art" is an important book on Algebra written by Gerolamo Cardano. The solution to one particular case of the cubic, x3 + ax = b (in modern notation), was communicated to him by Niccolo Fontana Tartaglia (who later claimed that Cardano had sworn not to reveal it, and engaged Cardano in a decade-long fight), and the quartic was solved by Cardano's student Lodovico Ferrari. Niccolò Fontana Tartaglia (1499/1500 Brescia, Italy &ndash December 13, 1557, Venice, Italy was a Mathematician Lodovico Ferrari ( February 2, 1522 – October 5, 1565) was an Italian Mathematician. Both were acknowledged in the foreword of the book, as well as in several places within its body. In his exposition, he acknowledged the existence of what are now called imaginary numbers, although he did not understand their properties.

Cardano was notoriously short of money and kept himself solvent by being an accomplished gambler and chess player. Chess is a recreational and competitive Game played between two players. His book about games of chance, Liber de ludo aleae, written in the 1560s but published only in 1663, after his death, contains the first systematic treatment of probability, as well as a section on effective cheating methods. Probability is the likelihood or chance that something is the case or will happen

Cardano invented several mechanical devices including the combination lock, the gimbal consisting of three concentric rings allowing a supported compass or gyroscope to rotate freely, and the Cardan shaft with universal joints, which allows the transmission of rotary motion at various angles and is used in vehicles to this day. A combination lock is a type of lock in which a sequence of numbers or symbols is used to open the lock A gimbal is a pivoted support that allows the rotation of an object about a single axis A compass, magnetic compass or mariner's compass is a navigational instrument for determining direction relative to the earth's Magnetic poles It consists A gyroscope is a device for measuring or maintaining orientation, based on the principles of Angular momentum. A universal joint, U joint, Cardan joint, Hardy- Spicer joint, or Hooke's joint is a He made several contributions to hydrodynamics and held that perpetual motion is impossible, except in celestial bodies. The term perpetual motion, taken literally refers to movement that goes on forever He published two encyclopedias of natural science which contain a wide variety of inventions, facts, and occult superstitions. An encyclopedia (or '''encyclopædia''') is a comprehensive written Compendium that contains Information on either all branches of Knowledge He also introduced the Cardan grille, a cryptographic tool, in 1550. The Cardan grille is a method of writing secret messages using a grid

Significantly, in the history of deaf education, he was one of the first to state that deaf people could learn without learning how to speak first.

Cardano's eldest and favorite son was executed in 1560 after he confessed to having poisoned his cuckolding wife. In the context of Biology, poisons are substances that can cause damage, Illness, or Death to Organisms usually by A cuckold is a married man whose wife has sex with other men In current usage it sometimes refers to non-married couples in committed relationships as well although the traditional meaning His other son was a gambler, who stole money from him. He allegedly cropped the ears of one of his sons. Cardano himself was accused of heresy in 1570 because he had computed and published the horoscope of Jesus in 1554. Heresy, as a blanket term describes a practice or belief that is labeled as unorthodox In Astrology, a horoscope is a chart or diagram representing the positions of the Sun Moon planets the Astrological aspects, and sensitive angles Jesus of Nazareth (7–2 BC / BCE —26–36 AD / CE) Apparently, his own son contributed to the prosecution. He was arrested, had to spend several months in prison and was forced to abjure his professorship. The meaning of the word professor ( Latin: professor, person who professes to be an expert in some art or science teacher of highest rank) varies He moved to Rome, received a lifetime annuity from Pope Gregory XIII (after first having been rejected by Pope Pius V) and finished his autobiography. An annuity contract is a Financial product typically offered by a Financial institution, that may accumulate value and take a current value and pay it out over Pope Gregory XIII (January 7 1502 &ndash April 10 1585 born Ugo Boncompagni, was Pope from 1572 to 1585 Pope An autobiography, from the Greek αὐτός autos "self" βίος bios "life" and γράφειν graphein "to write" He died there on the day he had (supposedly) astrologically predicted earlier; some suspect he may have committed suicide. Astrology (from Greek grc ἄστρον astron, "constellation star" and grc -λογία -logia) is a group of Systems

Publications

References

  1. ^ http://www.filosofia.unimi.it/cardano/testi/operaomnia/vol_4_s_4.pdf An electronic copy of his book Ars Magna (in Latin)

Further reading

External links

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