Citizendia
Your Ad Here

The 17th century organ composers of Germany can be divided into two primary schools: the north German school and the south German school (sometimes a third school, central German, is added). As a means of recording the passage of Time, the 17th Century was that Century which lasted from 1601 - 1700 in the Gregorian calendar Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. The stylistic differences were dictated not only by teacher-pupil traditions but also by technical aspects such as the quality and the tradition of organ building, and by certain composers who would help spread national styles by travelling and learning from other countries' styles.

Contents

North German organ school

Overview

The composer who is now considered the founder of this school is Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck, a Dutch composer. Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck (April or May 1562 &ndash October 16 1621 was a Dutch Composer, Organist, and Pedagogue whose work straddled the The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands Sweelinck's fame as a teacher was very widespread (in Germany he was known as the "maker of organists"), as was his influence. However, the English keyboard school withered during the first half of the 17th century, and the Dutch composers after Sweelinck were either not on his level (Anthoni van Noordt) or left too few compositions to make any significant mark on the history of European music (Pieter Cornet). Anthoni van Noordt (c1619 - 23 March 1675 was a Dutch Composer and organist. Peeter Cornet ( Pierre Pietro Peter Pieter) (ca 1570&ndash80 &ndash 27 March 1633) was a Flemish Composer and organist Sweelinck's influence therefore was primarily important in Germany, Heinrich Scheidemann and Gottfried Scheidt being the first major composers to study under him. Heinrich Scheidemann (c 1595 &ndash 1663 was a German organist and composer Gottfried Scheidt (20 September 1593 - 3 June 1661 was a German Composer and organist.

Later northerners like Franz Tunder, Georg Böhm and Johann Adam Reincken all cultivated a harmonically and rhythmically complex improvisatory style rooted in the chorale improvisation tradition. Franz Tunder (1614 &ndash November 5 1667 was a German Composer and Organist of the early to middle Baroque era Georg Böhm ( September 2, 1661 - May 18, 1733) was a German Baroque Organist and Composer. Johann Adam Reincken ( Jan Adams Reinken) ( April 27, 1623 - November 24, 1722) was a distinguished North German Organist Forms such as the organ prelude (a multi-sectional composition with numerous flourishes and embellishments such as scale runs, arpeggios and complex counterpoint) and the chorale fantasia (a musical setting of a whole verse of the chorale text, resulting in a multi-sectional composition with contrasting sections for different lines) were developed almost exclusively by north German composers. Dieterich Buxtehude's work represents the pinnacle of this tradition; the praeludia form the core of his work. Dieterich Buxtehude ( Dietrich, Diderich) (c 1637 &ndash 9 May 1707 was a German-Danish Organist, Lutenist Nikolaus Bruhns was the most important of Buxtehude's pupils, but he died early and only a few works by him survive. Nicolaus Bruhns ( Nikolaus, Nicholas) (1665 - March 29 1697 was one of the greatest Organists and Composers of his time

The quality of north German organs improved vastly during the 17th and early 18th century. The instruments would typically have two or more manuals, a pedalboard and a wide range of stops; this contributed to the style cultivated across the region as the majority of large-scale works require considerable pedal skills and benefit from larger, more versatile organs.

List of composers

South German organ school

Overview

The tradition of the south was shaped by composers who travelled to Italy or studied under Italian masters. Georg Böhm ( September 2, 1661 - May 18, 1733) was a German Baroque Organist and Composer. Johann Adam Reincken ( Jan Adams Reinken) ( April 27, 1623 - November 24, 1722) was a distinguished North German Organist Nicolaus Bruhns ( Nikolaus, Nicholas) (1665 - March 29 1697 was one of the greatest Organists and Composers of his time Dieterich Buxtehude ( Dietrich, Diderich) (c 1637 &ndash 9 May 1707 was a German-Danish Organist, Lutenist Dieterich Buxtehude ( Dietrich, Diderich) (c 1637 &ndash 9 May 1707 was a German-Danish Organist, Lutenist Christian Geist (c 1650 - 27 September 1711) was a German Composer and organist, who lived and worked mainly in Johann Nikolaus Hanff ( September 25, 1663 &mdash December 25, 1711) was a North German Organist and Composer Andreas Kneller (variants Kniller Knöller Knüller) ( 23 April 1649 - 24 August 1724) was a German Composer Georg Dietrich Leyding (or Leiding) ( 23 February 1664 - 10 May 1710) was a German Composer and organist Vincent Lübeck (c September 1654 Padingbüttel (near Bremen) - February 9 1740, Hamburg) was a German Composer and Jacob Praetorius (1586 &ndash 1651 was a German Baroque composer and Organist, and the son of Hieronymus Praetorius. Johann Adam Reincken ( Jan Adams Reinken) ( April 27, 1623 - November 24, 1722) was a distinguished North German Organist Heinrich Scheidemann (c 1595 &ndash 1663 was a German organist and composer Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck (April or May 1562 &ndash October 16 1621 was a Dutch Composer, Organist, and Pedagogue whose work straddled the Gottfried Scheidt (20 September 1593 - 3 June 1661 was a German Composer and organist. Samuel Scheidt (baptized November 3 1587 &ndash March 24 1654 was a German Composer, organist and teacher of the early Baroque era Melchior Schildt (born 1592 or 1593 Hanover - May 18, 1667) was a German composer and Organist of the ''North German Organ School'' Paul Siefert (variants Syfert Sivert Sibert) (23 May 1586 - 6 May 1666 was a German Composer and organist associated with the North German school Delphin Strungk (or Strunck) (1600 or 1601 - 12 October 1694) was a German Composer and organist associated Franz Tunder (1614 &ndash November 5 1667 was a German Composer and Organist of the early to middle Baroque era Matthias Weckmann ( Weckman) (probably 1616 - February 24 1674 was a North German musician and composer of the Baroque period The first important southerner was Johann Jakob Froberger, who visited Italy and France and cultivated Italian idioms in his toccatas (influenced by Girolamo Frescobaldi and Giovanni de Macque) and the French lutenists' style brisé in his harpsichord suites – he was also the first to establish the standard model for the suite, which was later used by both south and north German composers. Johann Jakob Froberger ( baptized May 19 1616 &ndash May 7 1667 was a German Baroque composer keyboard Virtuoso, and Organist Toccata (from Italian toccare, "to touch" is a Virtuoso piece of music typically for a keyboard or Plucked string instrument Girolamo Frescobaldi (baptized mid-September 1583 – March 1 1643 was an Italian musician one of the most important Composers of keyboard music in the late Giovanni de Macque ( Jean de Macque) (?1548-1550 – September 1614 was a Franco-Flemish composer of the late Renaissance and early Baroque, In Music, a suite is an ordered set of Instrumental or Orchestral pieces normally performed in a Concert Froberger's influence was felt all over Europe and extended far into the future: Albrechtsberger, Beethoven's teacher, knew and respected Froberger's work, and a copy of a part of one of his composition exists in the hand of Mozart. Johann Georg Albrechtsberger ( February 3, 1736 - March 7, 1809) was an Austrian musician who was born at Klosterneuburg, Ludwig van Beethoven ( English ˈlʊdvɪg væn ˈbeɪtoʊvən, 16 December 1770 &ndash 26 March 1827 was a German Composer and Pianist.

Frobgerer did not have any significant pupils, but the other important southerner, Johann Kaspar Kerll, did achieve fame as a teacher and influenced numerous composers. Johann Kaspar Kerll (April 9 1627 &ndash February 13 1693 was a German Baroque Composer and Organist. Kerll initially studied under Giovanni Valentini, an Italian composer who worked in Vienna; he then travelled to Italy and visited many more regions of Europe. Giovanni Valentini (c 1582 &ndash 29/ 30 April 1649) was an Italian Baroque Composer, Poet and keyboard virtuoso Vienna ( in Wien; see also other names) is the Capital of Austria, and is also one of the nine States of Austria. Kerll's influence was perhaps short-lived compared to Froberger's (the most important fact here being Händel's frequent borrowing from Kerll's work), but he was a model (perhaps even taught) for the Nuremberg-born Johann Pachelbel, whose work is the highest point of the south German tradition.

Typical south German organs differed from their northern counterparts and could have only a dozen or two of stops, sometimes a single manual and, occasionally, no pedal; much like many Italian instruments. The music of south German composers on the whole concentrates more on melody, harmonic clarity and sound; genre-wise, Italian models were adopted and resulted in German versions of the toccata, a special brand of improvisatory preludes, and ostinato variation forms: chaconnes and passacaglias. Toccata (from Italian toccare, "to touch" is a Virtuoso piece of music typically for a keyboard or Plucked string instrument In Music, an Ostinato (derived from Italian: "stubborn" see also Oscillation) is a motif or phrase which is persistently Variation form Variation form include Ground bass, Passacaglia, Chaconne, and theme and variations In Music, a chaconne (ʃaˈkɔn Italian: ciaccona) is a Musical form whose primary formal feature involves variation on a repeated A passacaglia is a short usually slow and often grave musical work in any metre Perhaps the last significant southerner was Johann Heinrich Buttstett, Pachelbel's pupil, who continued the trends set by his teacher but did not achieve any considerable fame; it appears that numerous works by him are now lost. Johann Heinrich Buttstett ( Buttstedt, Buttstädt) ( April 25, 1666 &ndash December 1, 1727) was a German

List of composers

References

© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
 Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic