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The German Mediatisation was the series of mediatisations and secularisations that occurred in Germany in 1795–1814, during the latter part of the era of the French Revolution and then the Napoleonic Era. Mediatization, defined broadly is the subsumation of one Monarchy into another monarchy in such a way that the ruler of the annexed state keeps his or her sovereign title Secularization or secularisation generally refers to the process of transformation by which a Society migrates from close identification with religious institutions Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Year 1795 ( MDCCXCV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Year 1814 ( MDCCCXIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The French Revolution (1789–1799 was a period of political and social upheaval in the History of France, during which the French governmental structure previously an Napoleon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821 was a French military and political leader who had a significant impact on the History of Europe.

Mediatisation was the process of annexing the lands of one sovereign monarchy to another, often leaving the annexed some rights. Annexation ( Latin ad, to and nexus, joining is the legal incorporation of some territory into another geo-political entity (either adjacent or non-contiguous Sovereignty is the exclusive Right to control a Government, a country, a people or oneself A monarchy is a Form of government in which supreme power is actually or nominally lodged in an individual who is the Head of state, often for life or Secularisation was the redistribution to secular states of the secular lands held by an ecclesiastical ruler such as a bishop or an abbot. Ecclesiology (from Greek grc ἐκκλησίᾱ ekklēsiā, "congregation church" and grc -λογία -logia) is the study of the A bishop is an ordained or consecrated member of the Christian clergy who is generally entrusted with a position of authority and oversight The word abbot, meaning Father, is a title given to the head of a Monastery in various traditions including Christianity.

Following the collapse of the Carolingian Empire, due to the equal heritage splitting prescribed by Salic Law, and the rise of feudalism, much of Europe had been reduced to an array of small, independent statelets. Carolingian Empire is a historiographical term sometimes used to refer to the realm of the Franks under the Carolingian dynasty. Salic law ( Lat Lex Salica) was an important body of traditional Law codified for governing the Salian Franks in the Early Middle Ages Feudalism, a term first used in the early modern period (17th century in its most classic sense refers to a Medieval Europe Political system composed Successive Kings of Germany and Holy Roman Emperors vested temporal authority on many bishoprics, abbacies and convents, and also granted free city rights to many cities and villages throughout Germany. The Holy Roman Empire ( HRE; German Heiliges Römisches Reich (HRR, Latin Sacrum Romanum Imperium (SRI was a union of territories in In the Holy Roman Empire, a free imperial city (in German: freie Reichsstadt) was a City formally ruled by the Emperor only &mdash Unlike England and France, for example, the German kings were unable to coalesce their realms into a fully centralised kingdom, so over the course of centuries Germany had come to consist of no less than 300 independent states. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics.

Map of the Holy Roman Empire in 1789, showing the large mix of states
Map of the Holy Roman Empire in 1789, showing the large mix of states

Contents

Reichsdeputationshauptschluss

The Reichsdeputationshauptschluss (formally the Hauptschluss der außerordentlichen Reichsdeputation, or "Principal Conclusion of the Extraordinary Imperial Delegation") was a resolution passed on 25 February 1803 by the Reichstag (Imperial Diet) of the Holy Roman Empire. The Holy Roman Empire ( HRE; German Heiliges Römisches Reich (HRR, Latin Sacrum Romanum Imperium (SRI was a union of territories in Year 1789 ( MDCCLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 138 - The Emperor Hadrian adopts Antoninus Pius, effectively making him his successor 1803 ( MDCCCIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The Reichstag ( German for "Imperial Diet " was the Parliament of the Holy Roman Empire, the North German Confederation, The Holy Roman Empire ( HRE; German Heiliges Römisches Reich (HRR, Latin Sacrum Romanum Imperium (SRI was a union of territories in It proved to be the last significant law enacted by the Empire before its dissolution in 1806. Year 1806 ( MDCCCVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common

Based on a plan agreed in June 1802 between France and Russia, and broad principles outlined in the Treaty of Lunéville of 1801, the law established a major redistribution of territorial sovereignty within the Empire, to compensate numerous German princes for territories to the west of the Rhine that had been annexed by France as a result of the wars of the French Revolution. Year 1802 ( MDCCCII) was a Common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar or a Common year starting on Wednesday of the This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending The Treaty of Lunéville was signed on February 9 1801 between the French Republic and the Holy Roman Empire by Joseph Bonaparte and Year 1801 ( MDCCCI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting on Tuesday Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. The Rhine (Rhein Rijn Rhin Reno Rain Rhenus is one of the longest and most important Rivers in Europe at 1320 kilometres (820 mi with an average discharge The French Revolutionary Wars were a series of major conflicts from 1792 until 1802 fought between the French Revolutionary government and several European states

The Reichsdeputationshauptschluss was ratified unanimously by the Reichstag in March, 1803, and was approved by the emperor, Francis II, the following month. Francis II (Franz II Heiliger Römischer Kaiser ( 12 February 1768 &ndash 2 March 1835) was the last Holy Roman Emperor, ruling However, the emperor made a formal reservation in respect of the reallocation of votes within the Reichstag, as the balance between Protestant and Catholic states had been shifted heavily in the former's favour. Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. Catholic is an Adjective derived from the Greek adjective '' / 'katholikos' meaning "whole" or "complete".

The redistribution was achieved by a combination of two processes: secularization of ecclesiastical principalities, and mediatization of numerous small secular principalities. Secularization or secularisation generally refers to the process of transformation by which a Society migrates from close identification with religious institutions Mediatization, defined broadly is the subsumation of one Monarchy into another monarchy in such a way that the ruler of the annexed state keeps his or her sovereign title

Secularisation

From the re-establishment of the Holy Roman Empire by the Salian and Saxon Emperors in the 10th and 11th centuries, the feudal system had turned Germany and northern Italy into a vast network of small statelets, each with its own specific privileges, titles and autonomy. See also Salian Franks, Salic law The Salian dynasty was a Dynasty in the High Middle Ages of four German Kings (1024-1125 The Free State of Saxony (Freistaat Sachsen ˈzaksən Swobodny Stat Sakska is the easternmost federal state of Germany. To help administer Germany in the face of growing decentralisation and local autonomy following the rise of feudalism, many bishoprics, abbacies and convents throughout Germany were granted temporal estates and noble titles—such as prince, duke, or count—by successive Holy Roman Emperors. The personal appointment of bishops by the Holy Roman Emperors had sparked the investiture controversy, and in its aftermath the emperors were unable to use the bishops for this end. Investiture, from the Latin (preposition in and verb vestire, 'dress' from vestis 'robe' is a rather general term for the formal installation of an Following this, the bishops and abbots had begun to run their newfound realms as a temporal lord as opposed to a spiritual lord. The endemic corruption and decadence that followed had led to the falling from grace of the Ecclesiastical rulers, and eventually led to the Protestant Reformation. The Protestant Reformation was a reform movement in Europe that began in 1517 though its roots lie further back in time The Counter-Reformation re-established the relevance of the Prince-Bishops, as they had become known, but by the end of the Thirty Years' War and the Peace of Westphalia, the new system whereby the inhabitants of a state were expected to follow the religion of the ruler left the Prince-Bishops again obsolete. The Counter-Reformation (also Catholic Reformation denotes the period of Catholic revival from the pontificate of Pope Pius IV in 1560 to the close of the For the Mauritanian Thirty Years' War see Char Bouba war. For the band see The 30 Years War. The term Peace of Westphalia refers to the two peace treaties of Osnabrück and Münster, signed on May 15 and October 24 of

In 1797, Napoleon Bonaparte of France defeated the armed forces of the Holy Roman Emperor and by the Treaty of Campo Formio annexed all the lands of the Holy Roman Empire west of the Rhine River. Napoleon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821 was a French military and political leader who had a significant impact on the History of Europe. The Treaty of Campo Formio was signed on October 17, 1797 (26 Vendémiaire Year VI of the French Republic by Napoleon Bonaparte and Count Ludwig The Rhine (Rhein Rijn Rhin Reno Rain Rhenus is one of the longest and most important Rivers in Europe at 1320 kilometres (820 mi with an average discharge The Holy Roman Emperor was bound by duty to compensate the now stateless monarchs who lost their lands to grant them new estates. The only available lands were those held by the Prince-Bishops, so they were secularised and dispersed amongst the monarchs of Germany.

The ecclesiastical states were generally annexed to neighbouring secular principalities. Ecclesiology (from Greek grc ἐκκλησίᾱ ekklēsiā, "congregation church" and grc -λογία -logia) is the study of the Only three survived as non-secular states: the Archbishopric of Regensburg, which was raised from a bishopric with the incorporation of the Archbishopric of Mainz, and the lands of the Teutonic Knights and Knights of Saint John. The Archbishopric of Mainz (Erzbistum Mainz or Electorate of Mainz (Kurfürstentum Mainz or Kurmainz) was an influential ecclesiastic and secular Prince-bishopric The Teutonic Order is a German Roman Catholic religious order. The Knights Hospitaller (also known as the Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of St Also of note is the former Archbishopric of Salzburg, which was secularised as a duchy with an increased territorial scope, and was also made an electorate. The Archbishopric of Salzburg was an ecclesiastical state of the Holy Roman Empire, roughly consisting of the present-day state of Salzburg (the

Monasteries and abbeys lost their means of existence as they had to abandon their land and closed in large part. This article concerns the buildings occupied by monastics. For the life inside monasteries and its historical roots see Monasticism. An abbey (from Latin abbatia derived from Syriac abba "father" is a Christian Monastery or

Secularised states

Bishops and Archbishops

Abbeys, Convents and Provostries

Mediatisation

Although the number of German states had been steadily decreasing since the Thirty Years' War, there still remained approximately 200 states by the advent of the Napoleonic Era. The Prince-Bishopric of Augsburg is historically one of the Prince-bishoprics of the Holy Roman Empire, and belonged to the Swabian Circle. Bishopric of Basel may refer to either the Roman Catholic Diocese in Switzerland (German Bistum Basel, Latin Dioecesis Basileensis The Bishopric of Brixen (modern Brixen (Bressanone) in what is now the province of Bolzano-Bozen) is a former Roman Catholic Diocese and also The Bishop of Chur (German Bischof von Chur) is the Ordinary of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Chur, Grisons, Switzerland The Electorate of Cologne (Kurfürstentum Köln or Kurköln) was an ecclesiastical principality of the Holy Roman Empire and existed from the 10th to the early 19th The Bishopric of Constance was a Diocese of the Roman Catholic Church that existed from about 585 until 1821 The Bishopric of Eichstätt was a small ecclesiastical principality of the Holy Roman Empire. The Bishopric of Hildesheim was a state of the Holy Roman Empire from the Middle Ages until 1803. The Bishopric of Liège or Prince-Bishopric of Liège was a state of the Holy Roman Empire in the Low Countries in present Belgium The Bishopric of Lübeck was a Roman-Catholic and later Protestant Diocese, as well as a state of the Holy Roman Empire. The Archbishopric of Mainz (Erzbistum Mainz or Electorate of Mainz (Kurfürstentum Mainz or Kurmainz) was an influential ecclesiastic and secular Prince-bishopric The Bishopric of Münster was an ecclesiastical principality in the Holy Roman Empire, located in the northern part of today's North Rhine-Westphalia and western The Prince-Bishopric of Osnabrück was a Prince-bishopric centered on the Roman Catholic Diocese of Osnabrück. The Bishopric of Paderborn (Fürstbistum Paderborn was a Prince-bishopric of the Holy Roman Empire from 1281 to 1802 The Bishopric of Regensburg (Bistum Regensburg was a small Prince-bishopric ( Hochstift) of the Holy Roman Empire. The Archbishopric of Salzburg was an ecclesiastical state of the Holy Roman Empire, roughly consisting of the present-day state of Salzburg (the The Roman Catholic Diocese of Sion (Bistum Sitten Dioecesis Sedunensis Évêché de Sion in the Swiss canton of Valais, is the oldest bishopric in Switzerland The Bishop of Speyer is the Ordinary of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Speyer in the Archdiocese of Bamberg. The Bishopric was a client state of the Holy Roman Empire from the 13th century until 1803 The Bishopric of Trent is a former territory of Northern Italy which was created in 1027 and existed until 1802 when it was absorbed into Habsburg The Archbishopric of Trier (Erzbistum Trier was a Roman Catholic Diocese in Germany, that existed from Carolingian times until the end of the The Bishopric of Worms was an ecclesiastical principality of the Holy Roman Empire. The Bishopric of Würzburg (Würzburg was a Prince-bishopric in the Holy Roman Empire, located in Lower Franconia, around the city of Würzburg Baindt Abbey ( Kloster or Reichskloster Baindt) was a Cistercian nunnery in Baindt in the district of Ravensburg in Baden-Württemberg Berchtesgaden Provostry or the Prince-Provostry of Berchtesgaden (Fürstpropstei Berchtesgaden was a " Reichsunmittelbar " Canonry Beuron Archabbey (in German Erzabtei Beuron, otherwise Erzabtei St Buchau Abbey or the Imperial Abbey of Buchau (Reichsstift Buchau was a nunnery and later collegiate foundation in the present town of Bad Buchau in Baden-Württemberg Corvey Abbey or the Imperial Abbey of Corvey (Fürstabtei Corvey was a Benedictine monastery on the River Weser, 2km northeast of Höxter, now Elchingen Abbey ( Kloster Elchingen, Reichsabtei Elchingen) was a Benedictine monastery in Oberelchingen (in Elchingen) in Bavaria, Ellwangen Abbey ( Kloster Ellwangen) was the earliest Benedictine monastery established in what is now Baden-Württemberg, in Ellwangen about Essen Abbey ( Stift Essen) was a collegiate foundation for women of the high nobility in Essen. Fulda (ˈfʊlda is a city in Hesse, Germany; it is located on the Fulda River and is the administrative seat of the Fulda district ( Kreis Gutenzell Abbey ( Kloster or Reichsabtei Gutenzell) was a Cistercian nunnery in the municipality of Gutenzell-Hürbel in the district of Heggbach Abbey ( Kloster or Reichsabtei Heggbach) was a Cistercian nunnery in Heggbach now part of the municipality of Maselheim in the district Herford (ˈhɛɐ̯fɔɐ̯t is a town in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, located in the lowlands between the mountain chains of the Wiehengebirge and the Kaisheim Abbey ( Kloster or Reichsstift Kaisheim) was a Cistercian monastery in Kaisheim, Bavaria, Germany. Kempten im Allgäu is the largest city in Allgäu, a region in the south-west of Bavaria, Germany. Niedermünster redirects here For Niedermünster in Alsace see Niedermünster (Alsace. Neresheim Abbey or Abbey of Saints Ulrich and Afra Neresheim ( Abtei Neresheim or Abtei der heiligen Ulrich und Afra) is located above the town of Ochsenhausen Abbey formerly Ochsenhausen Priory ( Reichskloster or Reichsabtei Ochsenhausen) was a Benedictine monastery in Ochsenhausen The Obermünster, or Obermünster Abbey, Regensburg, was a collegiate house of Canonesses ( Frauenstift) in Regensburg, Bavaria Petershausen Abbey ( Kloster, Reichskloster or Abtei Petershausen) was a Benedictine monastery situated at Petershausen, now a part Quedlinburg (ˈkveːdlɪnbʊʁk is a Town located north of the Harz mountains in the district of Harz in the west of Saxony-Anhalt Rottweil is the oldest Town in southwestern Germany, in the state of Baden-Württemberg. Salem Abbey ( Kloster or Reichskloster Salem) also known as Salmansweiler and in Latin as Salomonis Villa, was a very prominent Schöntal Abbey (Kloster Schöntal Reichskloster Schöntal is a former Cistercian abbey in Schöntal in the district of Hohenlohe, Baden-Württemberg Schussenried Abbey ( Kloster Schussenried, Reichsabtei Schussenried) was a Premonstratensian monastery in Bad Schussenried, Upper Swabia Söflingen Abbey was a nunnery of the Order of Poor Ladies, also known as the Poor Clares the Poor Clare Sisters the Clarisse the Minoresses or the Second Order of St Stavelot is a Walloon Municipality located in the Belgian province of Liège St Blaise's Abbey in the Black Forest ( Kloster St Blasien) was a Benedictine monastery in the village of St Kornelimünster Abbey ( Kloster Kornelimünster) is a Benedictine monastery in Kornelimünster since 1972 a part of Aachen (as Stadtbezirk St Emmeram's Abbey ( Kloster Sankt Emmeram or Reichsabtei Sankt Emmeram) now known as Schloss Thurn und Taxis and St The Abbey of St Gall (Sankt Gallen was for many centuries one of the chief Benedictine Abbeys in Europe Thorn ( Thoear is a Town in the municipality of Maasgouw, in the Dutch province Weingarten Abbey or St Martin's Abbey ( Reichsabtei Weingarten) is a Benedictine monastery on the Martinsberg ( St Weissenau Abbey ( Kloster Weißenau, Reichsstift Weißenau) was a Premonstratensian monastery in Upper Swabia, in Baden-Württemberg Werden Abbey (Kloster Werden was a Benedictine monastery in Essen-Werden ( Germany) situated on the Ruhr. St Ludger's Abbey ( Kloster St Ludgeri) was a former monastery of the Benedictine Order in Helmstedt, Lower Saxony, founded by Saint Wiblingen Abbey was a former Benedictine Abbey which was later used as barracks Zwiefalten Abbey (in German Kloster Zwiefalten, Abtei Zwiefalten or after 1750 Reichsabtei Zwiefalten) was a Benedictine monastery For the Mauritanian Thirty Years' War see Char Bouba war. For the band see The 30 Years War. Napoleon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821 was a French military and political leader who had a significant impact on the History of Europe. The defeat of the First Coalition resulted in the secularisation of the ecclesiastical states and the annexation by France of all lands west of the Rhine. The First Coalition ( 1792 – 1797) was the first major concerted effort of multiple European powers to contain Revolutionary France. Also in 1803, most of the free cities in Germany were mediatised. On June 12, 1806, Napoleon established the Confederation of the Rhine to help secure the eastern border of France. Events 1381 - Peasants' Revolt: in England, rebels arrive at Blackheath. Year 1806 ( MDCCCVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Confederation of the Rhine or Rhine Confederation (Rheinbund États confédérés du Rhin officially and Confédération du Rhin in practice) lasted On August 6, 1806, the Holy Roman Emperor Francis II declared the Empire abolished. Events 1538 - Bogotá, Colombia, is founded by Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada. Year 1806 ( MDCCCVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Francis II (Franz II Heiliger Römischer Kaiser ( 12 February 1768 &ndash 2 March 1835) was the last Holy Roman Emperor, ruling In order to gain the support of the more powerful German states, it was announced that all states that joined could mediatise neighbouring states.

Before the Battle of Waterloo and the exile of Napoleon to St. Helena, the Congress of Vienna was held from 1814 to 1815 by the Great Powers to re-establish the old borders of Europe. In the Battle of Waterloo (Sunday 18 June 1815 near Waterloo Belgium Saint Helena (pronounced saint he-LEE-na) named after St Helena of Constantinople, is an island of volcanic origin and a British overseas territory The Congress of Vienna was a conference of ambassadors of the major powers of Europe, chaired by the Austrian statesman Clemens Wenzel von Metternich It was decided that the mediatised monarchs, free cities and secularised states would not be recreated, but instead the monarchs of the mediatised states were to be considered equal to the remaining sovereign monarchs, and they would receive compensation for their loss. As it was left to each of the remaining states to compensate them, and they had no authority to complain to if they weren't fairly reimbursed, many of the monarchs never received their supposed due.

Mediatisation transferred sovereignty of small secular states to their larger neighbours. In addition to numerous principalities, all but a handful of the Imperial cities were also annexed to their neighbours. In the Holy Roman Empire, a free imperial city (in German: freie Reichsstadt) was a City formally ruled by the Emperor only &mdash

Mediatised monarchies

As the Houses of Ostein, Sinzendorf and Wartenberg became extinct after the mediatisation but before 1830, they are not always counted among the Mediatised Houses. Arenberg (also spelled as Aremberg or Ahremberg) is a historic County, Principality and finally Duchy located in modern Auersperg was a German princely family which held estates in Austria and Thengen (located in southern Baden-Württemberg, Germany, north of County of Bentheim (Grafschaft Bentheim is a district ( Landkreis) in Lower Saxony, Germany. Bentheim-Bentheim was a County of southeastern Lower Saxony, Germany. Bentheim-Steinfurt was a County of Germany, located in northwestern North Rhine-Westphalia in the region surrounding Steinfurt. Bentheim-Tecklenburg-Rheda was a County of northwestern North Rhine-Westphalia and southwestern Lower Saxony, Germany. Bentinck is the Surname of a prominent Family belonging to the Dutch and British Nobility. Castell-Castell was a County located in the region of Franconia in northern Bavaria, Germany. Castell-Rüdenhausen was a County in the region of Franconia in northern Bavaria, Germany. Colloredo-Mannsfeld was a German Princely family which was based in Austria. The House of Esterházy (also spelled Eszterházy) was a Hungarian Noble family in Hungary since the Middle Ages. The Fugger (ˈfʊgɐ family was a historically prominent group of European Bankers members of the fifteenth and Sixteenth-century mercantile Fürstenberg-Pürglitz was a line of noble family hailing from southwestern Baden-Württemberg, Germany, which was seated at Křivoklát Castle (Pürglitz Hesse-Homburg was formed into a separate landgraviate in 1622 by the landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt to be ruled by his son although it did not become independent Hohenlohe-Bartenstein was a German Principality located in northeastern Baden-Württemberg, Germany, around Bartenstein Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen was a German County located in northeastern Baden-Württemberg, Germany, around Ingelfingen. Hohenlohe-Jagstberg was a Principality located in northeastern Baden-Württemberg, Germany, around Jagstberg which had been a territory of the Bishopric Hohenlohe-Kirchberg was a German County located in northeastern Baden-Württemberg, Germany, around Kirchberg. Hohenlohe-Langenburg was a German county of northeastern Baden-Württemberg, Germany, located around Langenburg. Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst was a County in northeastern Baden-Württemberg, Germany. The House of Isenburg was an old aristocratic family of medieval Germany, named after the castle of Isenburg in North Rhine-Westphalia. Isenburg was a region of Germany which eventually located itself in southern Hesse, located in territories north and south of Frankfurt. Isenburg-Büdingen was a County of southern Hesse, Germany, located in Büdingen. Isenburg-Meerholz was a County of southern Hesse, Germany. It was created as a partition of Isenburg-Büdingen in 1673 and was mediatised to Isenburg-Wächtersbach was a County of southern Hesse, Germany. Königsegg-Aulendorf was a county of southeastern Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Leiningen, the name of an old German family whose lands lay principally in Alsace and Lorraine. The Principality of Leyen was a Napoleonic German state which existed 1806 – 1814 in Hohengeroldseck, in the west of modern Baden-Württemberg The house of Limburg Stirum, which adopted its name in the 12th century from the castle of Limburg an der Lenne in what is now Germany descends from the Ezzonen The house of Limburg Stirum, which adopted its name in the 12th century from the castle of Limburg an der Lenne in what is now Germany descends from the Ezzonen Baltic-German Count Karl Robert Nesselrode ( December 14, 1780 - March 23, 1862) was a Russian diplomat and a leading Ortenburg-Neuortenburg was a minor County in southeastern Bavaria, Germany, located about 10 kilometres west of Passau. Oettingen-Oettingen was a noble family and county in modern-day eastern Baden-Württemberg and western Bavaria, Germany. Oettingen-Spielberg was a noble family and county in modern-day eastern Baden-Württemberg and western Bavaria, Germany. Pappenheim is a town in the Weißenburg-Gunzenhausen district in Bavaria, Germany. Rechberg and Rothenlöwen was a German statelet of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Salm-Horstmar was a short-lived Napoleonic County in far northern North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, located around Horstmar, to the northeast Salm-Kyrburg was a state of the Holy Roman Empire located in present-day Rhineland-Palatinate Salm-Reifferscheid-Dyck was a small County of the Holy Roman Empire. Salm-Reifferscheid-Hainsbach was a German statelet which was a partition of Salm-Reifferscheid-Bedbur. Salm-Reifferscheid-Krautheim was a German statelet which was created as a succession of Salm-Reifferscheid-Bedbur in 1803. The Principality of Salm-Salm was a state of the Holy Roman Empire. Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg was a county ( Grafschaft) located in the southeastern Sauerland, Germany (in the modern state of North Rhine-Westphalia Sayn-Wittgenstein-Hohenstein was a county between Hesse-Darmstadt and Westphalia. Schlitz is a small town in the Vogelsbergkreis in eastern Hesse, Germany. Schönborn appeared first in the County of Katzenelnbogen in 1373 when Gilbrecht of Schönborn a vassal served Eberhard V of Katzenelnbogen Waldenburg is a city in the district Zwickau in Saxony, Germany. Franz von Sickingen ( March 2 1481 - May 7, 1523) was a German Knight, one of the most notable figures of the first period Prosper Anton Josef von Sinzendorf ( May 30 1700 — February 9 1756) was an Austrian nobleman and Courtier, Counsellor Solms-Braunfels was a County in what is today the federal Land of Hesse in Germany. Solms-Hohensolms-Lich was a County of northern Baden-Württemberg and eastern Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Solms-Laubach was a County of southern Hesse and eastern Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Solms-Rödelheim-Assenheim was a County of southern Hesse and eastern Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Solms-Wildenfels was a minor County of southern Hesse, Germany. Stadion-Thannhausen was a County located in and around Thannhausen in western Bavaria, Germany. Stadion-Warthausen was a County located in around Warthausen in western Baden-Württemberg, Germany. This article is about the 20th century conservative politican Šternberk (ˈʃtɛrnbɛrk Sternberg) is a town in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic. The County of Stolberg-Rossla (Grafschaft Stolberg-Roßla was a County of the Holy Roman Empire. Stolberg-Stolberg was a County of the Holy Roman Empire located in the southern Harz region The County of Stolberg-Wernigerode (Grafschaft Stolberg-Wernigerode was a County of the Holy Roman Empire located in the Harz region around Wernigerode The Princely House of Thurn and Taxis (Das Fürstenhaus Thurn und Taxis is a German family that was a key player in the postal services in The Trauttmansdorff Castle is a castle that lies south of the city of Merano in South Tyrol Waldburg-Waldsee was a County located in southeastern Baden-Württemberg, Germany, located around Bad Waldsee. Waldburg-Wurzach was a County located in southeastern Baden-Württemberg, Germany, located around Wurzach (located about 15 kilometres west of Bad Waldburg-Zeil was a County located in southeastern Baden-Württemberg, Germany, located around Zeil. Wied-Neuwied was a German statelet of northeastern Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, located northeast of the Rhine River, north and inclusive of Neuwied Wied-Runkel was a German statelet Wied-Runkel was located in the County of Runkel, located on the Lahn River. Wurmbrand-Stuppach is an old noble family of Austria, and the name of the County they ruled Prosper Anton Josef von Sinzendorf ( May 30 1700 — February 9 1756) was an Austrian nobleman and Courtier, Counsellor For varying reasons, Aspremont-Lynden, Bentinck, Bretzenheim, Limburg-Styrum and Waldeck-Limpurg are also sometimes disincluded. Bentinck is the Surname of a prominent Family belonging to the Dutch and British Nobility. Bretzenheim is a municipality in the district of Bad Kreuznach in Rhineland-Palatinate, in western Germany. The house of Limburg Stirum, which adopted its name in the 12th century from the castle of Limburg an der Lenne in what is now Germany descends from the Ezzonen Hesse-Homburg was never considered sovereign by Hesse-Darmstadt and therefore was not technically mediatised, and Hesse-Cassel was annexed into the Kingdom of Westphalia but later had its sovereignty restored. Hesse-Homburg was formed into a separate landgraviate in 1622 by the landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt to be ruled by his son although it did not become independent The Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt (Landgrafschaft Hessen-Darmstadt was a member state of the Holy Roman Empire. Westphalia (Westfalen) is a region in Germany, centred on the cities of Bielefeld, Bochum, Dortmund, Gelsenkirchen, Münster The Schönburgs had been mediatised to the Elector of Saxony in the 18th Century and were only counted amongst the Mediatised Houses at the Electors' insistence. Schönburg is a municipality in the Burgenlandkreis district in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. The Free State of Saxony (Freistaat Sachsen ˈzaksən Swobodny Stat Sakska is the easternmost federal state of Germany.

Abolished Free and Imperial Cities

Most of the mediatisations occurred in 1806 after the creation of the Confederation of the Rhine. ( Ripuarian: Oche, Dutch: Aken, Spanish: Aquisgrán, Italian: Aquisgrana, French, Aalen ( pronounced) is a Town in the German state of Baden-Württemberg. Augsburg is an independent City in the south-west of Bavaria. Biberach is a town in the south of Germany Biberach district capital in the free state ( Länder) of Baden-Württemberg. General Bopfingen is a small historic city in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Buchau is a village in the district of Kulmbach in Bavaria in Germany. Friedrichshafen is a town on the northern side of Lake Constance ( Bodensee) in southern Germany, near the borders with Switzerland and Austria Dinkelsbühl is a historic city in Bavaria, Germany. It lies in the district of Ansbach, north of Aalen. Dortmund (ˈdɔʁtmʊnt is a City in Germany, located in the Bundesland of North Rhine-Westphalia, in the Ruhr area. Esslingen am Neckar is a city in the Stuttgart Region of Baden-Württemberg, Germany, capital of the District of Esslingen as well as the largest Friedberg ( Friedberg in der Wetterau) is a town and the capital of the Wetteraukreis district in Hesse, Germany. Gengenbach is a town in the district of Ortenau, Baden-Württemberg, Germany and a famous tourist destination on the western edge of the Black Forest Giengen (full name Giengen an der Brenz) is a Große Kreisstadt (district town in eastern Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Goslar is a historic Town in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is the administrative centre of the district of Goslar and located on the northwestern Heilbronn (haɪlˈbʁɔn is a city in northern Baden-Württemberg, Germany Isny im Allgäu is a city in south-eastern Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Kaufbeuren (kaʊfˈbɔʏʁən is an Independent city in the Regierungsbezirk of Schwaben, southern Bavaria. Kempten im Allgäu is the largest city in Allgäu, a region in the south-west of Bavaria, Germany. Leutkirch im Allgäu is a city in south-eastern Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Lindau is a German town and an island in the eastern part of the Lake Constance, the Bodensee. Memmingen is a town in the Bavarian administrative region Swabia in Germany. Mühlhausen (official Mühlhausen/Thüringen) is a City in the Federal state Thuringia, Germany. Nordhausen is a City at the southern edge of the Harz mountains in the state of Thuringia, Germany. Nördlingen is a Town in the Donau-Ries district in Bavaria, Germany, with a population of 20000 Offenburg is also the German name of Baia de Arieş in Romania Pfullendorf is a small historic city in the district of Sigmaringen in Baden-Württemberg in Germany. Ravensburg is a town in Upper Swabia in Southern Germany, capital of the district of Ravensburg, Baden-Württemberg. Regensburg ( also Ratisbon, Ratisbona Řezno originally Castra Regina) is a City (population 131000 in 2007 in Bavaria, Germany Reutlingen is a city in southern Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Rothenburg ob der Tauber is a town in the district of Ansbach of Mittelfranken (Middle Franconia, the Franconia region of Bavaria, Germany Rottweil is the oldest Town in southwestern Germany, in the state of Baden-Württemberg. Schwäbisch Gmünd is a town in the eastern part of the German state of Baden-Württemberg. Schwäbisch Hall (or Hall for short is a town in the German state of Baden-Württemberg; it is the capital of the District of Schweinfurt ( German for Swine ford) is a city in the Lower Franconia region of Bavaria in Germany on the right Speyer (English formerly Spires) is a City in Germany ( Rhineland-Palatinate) with approx Überlingen is a city in the Bodensee district in Baden-Württemberg in southwestern Germany. Ulm (ˈʊlm is a City in the German Bundesland of Baden-Württemberg, situated on the River Danube. Wangen im Allgäu is a historic city in southeast Baden-Württemberg, Germany Weil der Stadt is a small town of somewhat less than 20000 inhabitants located in the Stuttgart Region of the German state of Baden-Württemberg. Wissembourg (in Wissembourg visɑ̃buʁ in South Franconian: Weisseburch, pronounced; in Weißenburg is a small town and commune situated on the Wetzlar is a town in the German federal state ( Bundesland) of Hesse, capital of the Lahn-Dill district Bad Wimpfen is a historic Spa town in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Bad Windsheim is a small historic city in Bavaria, Germany. It lies in the district Neustadt (Aisch-Bad Windsheim, west of Nuremberg. Worms (voɐms is a City in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, on the Rhine River Zell am Harmersbach is a small historic city in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. The Confederation of the Rhine or Rhine Confederation (Rheinbund États confédérés du Rhin officially and Confédération du Rhin in practice) lasted The later mediatisations were: Arenberg (annexed to France in 1810, and not re-established in 1814); Isenburg and Leyen (mediatised in 1814 by the Congress of Vienna for being too close to Napoleon); Salm (several states of Salm survived to 1811 and 1813); and Stolberg (annexed by Prussia in 1815). Arenberg (also spelled as Aremberg or Ahremberg) is a historic County, Principality and finally Duchy located in modern Isenburg was a region of Germany which eventually located itself in southern Hesse, located in territories north and south of Frankfurt. The Principality of Leyen was a Napoleonic German state which existed 1806 – 1814 in Hohengeroldseck, in the west of modern Baden-Württemberg The Congress of Vienna was a conference of ambassadors of the major powers of Europe, chaired by the Austrian statesman Clemens Wenzel von Metternich Salm is the name of several historic Countships and principalities in present Germany, Belgium, Luxembourg and France. Prussia ( Latin: Borussia, Prutenia; Prūsija Prūsija Prusy Old Prussian: Prūsa) was most recently a historic state

Also mediatised 1806–14 were several states created by Napoleon for his relatives and close allies. These include:


The only free cities in Germany not abolished 1803 were:

Consequences

The Reichsdeputationshauptschluss brought about a massive change to the political map of Germany. The Archbishopric of Mainz (Erzbistum Mainz or Electorate of Mainz (Kurfürstentum Mainz or Kurmainz) was an influential ecclesiastic and secular Prince-bishopric The Grand Duchy of Frankfurt was a German Satellite state of Napoleonic creation The Kingdom of Westphalia was a historical state that existed from 1807 - 1813 in parts of present-day Germany. The Bishopric of Würzburg (Würzburg was a Prince-bishopric in the Holy Roman Empire, located in Lower Franconia, around the city of Würzburg Augsburg is an independent City in the south-west of Bavaria. The Free Hanseatic City of Bremen (German Freie Hansestadt Bremen) is the smallest of Germany's 16 Federal States ( Bundesländer) For almost five centuries the German city of Frankfurt am Main was a city-state within two major Germanic states The Holy Roman Empire as the Free Hamburg (English, German: ˈhambʊɐk local pronunciation Low German / Low Saxon: Hamborg) is the second-largest city in Germany The Free and Hanseatic City of Lübeck was a city-state that existed from 1226 to 1937 in the present-day German states of Schleswig-Holstein and Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Year 1937 ( MCMXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Literally hundreds of states were eliminated, with only around forty surviving. A number of the surviving states made significant territorial gains (most notably Baden, Bavaria, and Hesse-Darmstadt); and Baden, Hesse-Kassel, and Württemberg gained status by being made electorates (to replace three that had been lost in the changes). Baden is a historical state in the southwest of Germany, on the right bank of the Rhine. The Kingdom of Bavaria (Königreich Bayern was a German state that existed from 1806&ndash1918 The Grand Duchy of Hesse (Großherzogtum Hessen was a former state that existed in modern-day Germany. Baden is a historical state in the southwest of Germany, on the right bank of the Rhine. The Kingdom of Württemberg (Königreich Württemberg was a state that existed from 1806 to 1918 and is currently located in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Of the imperial cities, only Augsburg, Bremen, Frankfurt am Main, Hamburg, Lübeck, and Nuremberg survived as independent entities. Augsburg is an independent City in the south-west of Bavaria. The Free Hanseatic City of Bremen (German Freie Hansestadt Bremen) is the smallest of Germany's 16 Federal States ( Bundesländer) For almost five centuries the German city of Frankfurt am Main was a city-state within two major Germanic states The Holy Roman Empire as the Free Hamburg (English, German: ˈhambʊɐk local pronunciation Low German / Low Saxon: Hamborg) is the second-largest city in Germany The Free and Hanseatic City of Lübeck was a city-state that existed from 1226 to 1937 in the present-day German states of Schleswig-Holstein and Mecklenburg-Vorpommern

Area and population losses or gains (rounded)
Losses Gains
Prussia 2000 km²
140. Prussia ( Latin: Borussia, Prutenia; Prūsija Prūsija Prusy Old Prussian: Prūsa) was most recently a historic state 000 people		 12. 000 km²
600. 000 people
Bavaria 10. The Kingdom of Bavaria (Königreich Bayern was a German state that existed from 1806&ndash1918 000 km²
600. 000 people		 14. 000 km²
850. 000 people
Baden 450 km²
30. Baden is a historical state in the southwest of Germany, on the right bank of the Rhine. 000 people		 2. 000 km²
240. 000 people
Württemberg 400 km²
30. The Kingdom of Württemberg (Königreich Württemberg was a state that existed from 1806 to 1918 and is currently located in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. 000 people		 1500 km²
120. 000 people


The principle that allies of Napoleon could expect to make gains in both territory and status was also established, and was to be repeated on a number of occasions in the following years. Napoleon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821 was a French military and political leader who had a significant impact on the History of Europe. The changes of 1803 were also a factor in the end of the Empire in 1806. 1803 ( MDCCCIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Year 1806 ( MDCCCVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common

See also

External links

The Confederation of the Rhine or Rhine Confederation (Rheinbund États confédérés du Rhin officially and Confédération du Rhin in practice) lasted The Congress of Vienna was a conference of ambassadors of the major powers of Europe, chaired by the Austrian statesman Clemens Wenzel von Metternich The Holy Roman Empire ( HRE; German Heiliges Römisches Reich (HRR, Latin Sacrum Romanum Imperium (SRI was a union of territories in In the Holy Roman Empire, a free imperial city (in German: freie Reichsstadt) was a City formally ruled by the Emperor only &mdash Mediatization, defined broadly is the subsumation of one Monarchy into another monarchy in such a way that the ruler of the annexed state keeps his or her sovereign title Napoleon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821 was a French military and political leader who had a significant impact on the History of Europe. The Treaty of Campo Formio was signed on October 17, 1797 (26 Vendémiaire Year VI of the French Republic by Napoleon Bonaparte and Count Ludwig Events 138 - The Emperor Hadrian adopts Antoninus Pius, effectively making him his successor 1803 ( MDCCCIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a
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