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German American
Deutschamerikaner


A few Notable German Americans:
John D. Rockefeller · Dwight D. Eisenhower · John Joseph Pershing
Frederick Muhlenberg · Herbert Hoover · Babe Ruth · Elvis Presley
Flag of Germany Flag of the United States
Total population

German Americans
50,764,352
17. John Davison Rockefeller ( July 8, 1839 &ndash May 23, 1937) was an American Industrialist and philanthropist Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower (October 14 1890 – March 28 1969 was President of the United States from 1953 until 1961 and a five-star general John Joseph "Black Jack" Pershing, GCB ( September 13, 1860 – July 15, 1948) was an officer in the United States Army Frederick Augustus Conrad Muhlenberg ( January 1 1750 – June 4 1801) was an American minister and politician Herbert Clark Hoover (August 10 1874 &ndash October 20 1964 was the thirty-first President of the United States (1929–1933 George Herman Ruth Jr (February 6 1895 &ndash August 16 1948 also popularly known as " Babe " " The Bambino " and " The Sultan of 1% of the US population (2006)
[1]
Regions with significant populations
Throughout the United States, especially California, Pennsylvania, and the Midwest
Languages
American English, German
Religions
Christian (Protestant & Lutheran; Roman Catholic), Mennonite, Amish; Jewish and other minorities
Related ethnic groups
Ethnic Germans (which includes Germans, Austrians and some Swiss), Austrian Americans, German Canadians, Scandinavian Americans, Dutch Americans, German diaspora

German Americans (German Deutschamerikaner) are citizens of the United States of ethnic German ancestry and currently form the largest ancestry group in the United States, accounting for 17% of the U. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania ( often colloquially referred to as PA (its abbreviation by natives and Northeasterners is a state located in the Northeastern Phonology North American English regional phonology In many ways compared to English English, North American English is conservative in its Phonology. The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. Lutheranism is a major branch of Western Christianity that identifies with the teachings of the sixteenth-century German reformer Martin Luther The Mennonites are a group of Christian Anabaptist denominations named after Menno Simons (1496&ndash1561 though his teachings were a relatively The Amish (ˈɑːmɪʃ are members of an Anabaptist Christian denomination best known for Simple living, Plain dress and resisting modern conveniences PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ This article is about the German diaspora See Germans for the German ethnicity in general The German people (Deutsche are an Ethnic group, in the sense of sharing a common German culture, descent and speaking the German language as Austrians (Österreicher are a nation and an ethnic group originating from the Republic of Austria and its historical predecessor states ( March of Austria, Austrian Americans are Citizens of the United States who are of Austrian ancestry The 2006 Canadian census put the number of Canadians of German ethnicity at 3179425 A Dutch American is an inhabitant of the United States of whole or partial Dutch ancestry This article is about the German diaspora See Germans for the German ethnicity in general The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the This article is about the German diaspora See Germans for the German ethnicity in general The United States is a diverse country racially and ethnically. S. population. [2] The first significant numbers arrived in the 1680s in New York and Pennsylvania. Some eight million German immigrants entered the United States since then. Immigration refers to the movement of people among countries While the movement of people has existed throughout human history at various levels modern immigration implies long-term Immigration continued in substantial numbers during the 19th century; the largest number of arrivals came 1840–1900. American immigration ( emigration to the United States of America) refers to the movement of non-residents to the United States. Germans form the largest group of immigrants coming to the U. The German people (Deutsche are an Ethnic group, in the sense of sharing a common German culture, descent and speaking the German language as S. , outnumbering the Irish and English. Irish Americans (Gael-Mheiriceánach are citizens of the United States who can claim ancestry originating in Ireland. English Americans (occasionally known as Anglo -Americans although this may have a wider cultural meaning are Citizens of the United States whose ancestry [3] Some arrived seeking religious or political freedom, others for economic opportunities greater than those in Europe, and others simply for the chance to start fresh in the New World. The New World is one of the names used for the non-Eurasian/non-African parts of the Earth specifically the Americas and Australia. California and Pennsylvania have the largest populations of German origin, with over six million German Americans residing in the two states alone. California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania ( often colloquially referred to as PA (its abbreviation by natives and Northeasterners is a state located in the Northeastern [4] Over 50 million people in the United States identify German as their ancestry[1]. In the 1990 U.S. census, 58 million Americans claimed to be solely or partially of German descent. [5] In Pennsylvania, English and German were co-official languages until around the time of World War I. An official language is a Language that is given a special legal status in a particular Country, State, or other territory World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All [6]

Americans of German descent live in nearly every American county. They have been in the US for 400 years, from the East Coast, where the first German settlers arrived in the 1600s, to the West Coast and in all the states in between. German Americans and those Germans who settled in the United States have been influential in most every field, from science, to architecture, to sports and entertainment to commercial industry. The German people (Deutsche are an Ethnic group, in the sense of sharing a common German culture, descent and speaking the German language as Some, like Brooklyn Bridge engineers John Augustus Roebling or architect Walter Gropius, left behind visible landmarks. John Augustus Roebling (born Johann August Röbling, June 12, 1806 in Mühlhausen - July 22, 1869) was a German-born Walter Adolph Georg Gropius ( May 18, 1883 &ndash July 5, 1969) was a German Architect and founder of Bauhaus Some people of German birth, like Albert Einstein, Maria Goeppert-Mayer and Wernher von Braun, set intellectual landmarks. Albert Einstein ( German: ˈalbɐt ˈaɪ̯nʃtaɪ̯n; English: ˈælbɝt ˈaɪnstaɪn (14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955 was a German -born theoretical Maria Goeppert-Mayer ( June 28, 1906 &ndash February 20, 1972) was a German -born American Wernher Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun (March 23 1912 &ndash June 16 1977 a German rocket physicist and astronautics engineer became one of the leading figures in In baseball, Babe Ruth, Lou Gehrig and Honus Wagner are widely regarded to be some of the greatest in history. George Herman Ruth Jr (February 6 1895 &ndash August 16 1948 also popularly known as " Babe " " The Bambino " and " The Sultan of Henry Louis "Lou" Gehrig ( June 19 1903  – June 2 1941) born Ludwig Heinrich Gehrig, was an American Johannes Peter "Honus" Wagner (ˈhɑnəs ˈwæɡnɚ February 24 1874 &ndash December 6 1955) nicknamed " The Flying Dutchman [7] Others have been prominent actors like Clark Gable[8][9], David Hasselhoff[10][11], Marlene Dietrich[12][13], Doris Day[14][15], Leonardo DiCaprio[16], Bruce Willis[17], Sandra Bullock[18], Edward Arnold[19],Kirsten Dunst,[20] and Eric Braeden. Clark Gable (February 1 &ndashNovember 16) was an iconic American Actor nicknamed "The King of Hollywood" in his heyday David Michael Hasselhoff (born July 17, 1952) is an American Actor and Singer, who is best known for his lead roles on Knight Marlene Dietrich maɐˈleːnə ˈdiːtrɪç (December 27 &ndashMay 6) was a German -born American Actress, Singer and Entertainer Doris Mary Anne von Kappelhoff (born April 3, 1922) is an American Singer, actress, and animal welfare advocate known as Leonardo Wilhelm DiCaprio (born November 11 1974 is a three-time Academy Award -nominated and Golden Globe -winning American film actor. Walter Bruce Willis (March 19 1955 is an American actor and Singer-songwriter. Sandra Annette Bullock (born July 26 1964 is a Screen Actors Guild Award-winning and two-time Golden Globe Award-nominated American - German Edward Arnold ( February 18, 1890 – April 26, 1956) was an American Actor. Kirsten Caroline Dunst (born April 30 1982 is an American actress and singer Eric Braeden (born Hans Jörg Gudegast on April 3, 1941) is an Emmy Award -winning German Film and television actor best

Throughout the year, German Americans get together often for ethnic celebrations, the largest being the German-American Steuben Parade in New York City, which is held every third Saturday in September. The German-American Steuben Parade is an annual parade held in various cities across the United States

Contents

History

17th century

The first seeds of this country were planted at Jamestown, Virginia, the first permanent English settlement in what is today the United States of America. Jamestown, located on Jamestown Island in the Virginia Colony, was founded on May 14 1607 The first English settlers arrived at Jamestown in 1607; the first German, in 1608. The English people (from the adjective in Englisc) are a Nation and Ethnic group native to England who predominantly speak English Germans were present in the American colonies from the very beginning of settlement. The German people (Deutsche are an Ethnic group, in the sense of sharing a common German culture, descent and speaking the German language as The Germans who came to Jamestown in 1608 and subsequently in 1620 were the forerunners of the largest nationality to immigrate to the United States since its founding in 1776.

The first Germans to reach the Jamestown Settlement came aboard the English vessel Mary and Margaret, captained by Christopher Newport. The James Settlement was the first permanent English settlement in North America. They left England around July 1608 and arrived in Virginia around 1 October — 12 years before the Pilgrims landed in Massachusetts. Pilgrims, or Pilgrim Fathers (or Pilgrim Mothers) is a name commonly applied to the early settlers of the Plymouth Colony in present-day Plymouth They consisted of up to five unnamed glassmakers and three carpenters or house builders — Adam, Franz and Samuel. They came in a group of about 70 new settlers, including several Polish makers of pitch and tar, soap ashes and potashes. The Polish people, or Poles, (Polacy) are a Western Slavic Ethnic group of Central Europe, living predominantly in Poland. Jamestown at that time consisted of nothing but a small wooden fort on a peninsula of the James River, which flows into Chesapeake Bay near modern Norfolk, Virginia. The Chesapeake Bay is the largest Estuary in the United States. Norfolk is an Independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States

Among the settlers was a Swiss German mineral prospector called William Volday by the English; his original name was probably Wilhelm Waldi. Swiss German ( Schweizerdeutsch, Schwyzerdütsch, Schwiizertüütsch, Schwizertitsch) is any of the Alemannic dialects spoken He accompanied Captain Newport on a search for precious metals shortly after their arrival. This was done by order of the organizers of the Colony, the Virginia Company of London, a stock company. The colonists believed that they had found a vein of silver beyond the falls of the James River, but they were forced to return when their supplies ran low.

The Germans and the Poles faced precarious conditions at James Fort, which had been built on the north bank of the James River by June 1607. A Polish American is an American citizen of Polish descent There are an estimated 10 million Americans of Polish descent More than half of the original 105 settlers were already dead by the first autumn. [21]

The first German settlement was Germantown, Pennsylvania, founded near Philadelphia on October 6, 1683. Germantown is a neighborhood in the Northwest Philadelphia section of the city of Philadelphia, about six miles northwest from the center of the city Philadelphia (ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə Events 105 BC - Battle of Arausio: The Cimbri inflict the heaviest defeat on the Roman army of Gnaeus Mallius Maximus [22]

18th century

John Jacob Astor, detail of an oil painting by Gilbert Stuart, 1794. Originally Johann Jakob Astor, he was the first of the Astor family dynasty and the first millionaire in the United States, making his fortune in the fur trade and New York City real estate.
John Jacob Astor, detail of an oil painting by Gilbert Stuart, 1794. For other pages relating to Astor see John Jacob Astor (disambiguation John Jacob Astor (born Johann Jakob or Johann Jacob Astor) ( July Gilbert Charles Stuart (born Stewart) (December 3 1755 &ndash July 9 1828 was an American painter from Rhode Island. Originally Johann Jakob Astor, he was the first of the Astor family dynasty and the first millionaire in the United States, making his fortune in the fur trade and New York City real estate. The Astor family is a significant Anglo - American family of German descent notable for their prominence in Business, society, and

Large numbers of Germans migrated from the 1680s to 1760s. They migrated to America for a variety of reasons. [22] The two causes for the migration were push factors: worsening opportunities for farm ownership in central Europe, persecution of some religious groups, and military conscription; and pull factors, with better economic conditions in the U. S. (especially the opportunity for farmers to own land).

Large sections of Pennsylvania and upstate New York attracted Germans. The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania ( often colloquially referred to as PA (its abbreviation by natives and Northeasterners is a state located in the Northeastern Upstate New York is the region of New York State north of the core of the New York metropolitan area. Most were Lutheran or German Reformed; many belonged to small religious sects such as the Moravians and Mennonites. Lutheranism is a major branch of Western Christianity that identifies with the teachings of the sixteenth-century German reformer Martin Luther The Reformed churches are a group of Christian Protestant Denominations formally characterized by a similar Calvinist system of doctrine historically This page is about the Moravian Church globally For information about the church in a particular geographic area use the links at Organisation below The Mennonites are a group of Christian Anabaptist denominations named after Menno Simons (1496&ndash1561 though his teachings were a relatively German Catholics did not arrive in number until after the war of 1812. The German Catholic Church, part of the worldwide Roman Catholic Church, is under the leadership of the Pope, Curia in Rome, and the Conference

In 1709 Protestant Germans from the Pfalz or Palatine region of Germany built rafts and traveled down the Rhine to Rotterdam. The Palatinate (Pfalz Pfälzer dialect Palz) historically also Rhenish Palatinate (palatinatum Renensis Rheinpfalz is a region in south-western Germany The Rhine (Rhein Rijn Rhin Reno Rain Rhenus is one of the longest and most important Rivers in Europe at 1320 kilometres (820 mi with an average discharge Rotterdam (pronounced) is the 2nd-largest City by population in the Netherlands, located in the province of They lived in shantytown shacks with reed roofs in winter. The Dutch took up a collection to help them subsist until they could travel by ship to London. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. In London the Palatine families lived in tent cities in the parks until Protestant Queen Anne Stuart could help them get to her colonies in America. Anne (6 February 1665 – 1 August 1714 became Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland on 8 March 1702 succeeding William III of England and II of Four American Indian kings were also visiting London at that time. Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States The Mohawk king offered to share land in the Mohawk valley of New York. Mohawk ( Kanienkeh, Kanienkehaka or Kanien’Kahake, meaning "People of the Flint" are an indigenous people of North America The Mohawk River is a long River in the US state of New York. The trip was long and difficult to survive due to the poor quality of food and water aboard ships and the infectious disease typhus, or Palatine fever. Typhus is any of several similar diseases caused by Louse -borne bacteria Many immigrants, particularly children, died before reaching America in June 1710.

The Palatine immigration of about 2100 people who survived, turned out to be the largest single immigration to America in the colonial period. Through much of the 17th century and into the 18th the Rhineland-Palatinate region was embroiled in constant warfare among various factions which resulted in famine and widespread Most first were settled along the Hudson River in work camps, to pay off their passage for the English. By 1711, seven villages had been established in New York on the Robert Livingston manor. Robert Livingston the Elder ( December 13, 1654 – October 1, 1728) was a New York colonial official and first lord of In 1723 the Germans were the first Europeans allowed to buy land in the Mohawk Valley west of Little Falls. One hundred homesteads were allocated in the Burnetsfield Patent. By 1750, the Germans occupied a strip some 12 miles (19 km) long along both sides of the Mohawk River. The soil was excellent; some 500 houses had been built, mostly of stone; and the region prospered in spite of Indian raids. Herkimer was the best-known of the German settlements in a region long known as the "German Flats. Herkimer is a Town in Herkimer County, New York, United States. "

The most famous of the early German Palatine immigrants was editor John Peter Zenger, who in colonial New York City led the fight for freedom of the press in America. John Peter Zenger ( October 26, 1697 – July 28, 1746) was a German-born American printer, Publisher, editor A later immigrant, John Jacob Astor, who came from Baden after the Revolutionary War, became the richest man in America from his fur trading and real estate investments in New York City. For other pages relating to Astor see John Jacob Astor (disambiguation John Jacob Astor (born Johann Jakob or Johann Jacob Astor) ( July

The tide of German immigration to Pennsylvania swelled between 1725 and 1775, with many immigrants arriving as redemptioners or indentured servants. The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania ( often colloquially referred to as PA (its abbreviation by natives and Northeasterners is a state located in the Northeastern Redemptioners were European Immigrants generally in the 18th or early 19th century who gained passage to America (most often Pennsylvania) by selling themselves By 1775, Germans constituted about one-third of the population of Pennsylvania. The German farmers were renowned for their highly productive animal husbandry and agricultural practices. Politically, they were inactive until 1740, when they joined a Quaker-led coalition that took control of the legislature, which generally supported the American Revolution. In this article the inhabitants of the thirteen colonies that supported the American Revolution are primarily referred to as "Americans" with occasional references to "Patriots" Despite this, many of the German settlers were loyalists during the Revolution because they feared that their royal land grants would be taken away by a new republican government. This article concerns Loyalists in the American Revolution. For information on the role of those Loyalists in Canadian history after their emigration see United Empire [23] The Germans, comprising Lutherans, Reformed, Mennonites, Amish, and other sects, developed a rich religious life with a strong musical culture. Lutheranism is a major branch of Western Christianity that identifies with the teachings of the sixteenth-century German reformer Martin Luther The Reformed churches are a group of Christian Protestant Denominations formally characterized by a similar Calvinist system of doctrine historically The Mennonites are a group of Christian Anabaptist denominations named after Menno Simons (1496&ndash1561 though his teachings were a relatively The Amish (ˈɑːmɪʃ are members of an Anabaptist Christian denomination best known for Simple living, Plain dress and resisting modern conveniences These Germans came to be known as the Pennsylvania Dutch (from Deutsch). The Pennsylvania Dutch (perhaps more strictly Pennsylvania Deitsch, Pennsylvania Germans or Pennsylvania Deutsch) are the descendants of German There were few German Catholics in Pennsylvania before the 1810s. [24]

Many Hessian POWs who had fought with the British in the American Revolutionary War settled in America. In this article the inhabitants of the thirteen colonies that supported the American Revolution are primarily referred to as "Americans" with occasional references to "Patriots" The Continental Congress lacked the money to send German prisoners back to Europe. The Continental Congress was a convention of delegates from the Thirteen Colonies that became the governing body of the United States during the

Two waves of German colonists in 1714 and 1717 founded a large colony in Virginia called Germanna, located near Culpeper. The Commonwealth of Virginia ( is an American state Germanna was a German settlement in the Colony of Virginia, settled in two waves first in 1714 and then in 1717. Culpeper is an Incorporated town in Culpeper County, Virginia, United States. Large German settlements were also formed in North Carolina, especially near Salem. North Carolina ( is a state located on the Atlantic Seaboard in the southeastern United States Salem is a Census-designated place (CDP in Burke County, North Carolina, United States. There were also many German settlers around the Dutch (Deutsch) Fork area of South Carolina. South Carolina ( is a state in the southern region ( Deep South) of the United States of America.

A thriving population of Germans lived upriver from New Orleans, Louisiana. New Orleans (nʲuːˈɔrliənz nʲuːˈɔrlənz French: La Nouvelle-Orléans) is a major United States port city and the largest city in Louisiana The State of Louisiana ( or, État de Louisiane, pronounced) is a state located in the southern region of the United States of America They were attracted to the area through pamphlets such as J. Hanno Deiler's "Louisiana: A Home for German Settlers. " [25]

Between 1742 and 1753, roughly 1,000 Germans settled in Broad Bay, Massachusetts (now Waldoboro, Maine). Waldoboro is a town in Lincoln County, Maine, in the United States. Many of the colonists fled to Boston, Nova Scotia, and North Carolina after their houses were burned and their neighbors killed or carried into captivity by Native Americans. Nova Scotia (ˌnəʊvəˈskəʊʃə ( Latin for New Scotland; Alba Nuadh Nouvelle-Écosse is a Canadian province located on Canada 's The Germans who remained found it difficult to survive on farming and eventually turned to the shipping and fishing industries.

In the 1790 U. S. census, the first taken by the new country, Germans are estimated to have constituted nearly 9% of the white population in the United States.

19th century

German population density in the United States, 1872.
German population density in the United States, 1872.

Heavy German immigration to the United States occurred between 1848 and World War I, during which time nearly six million Germans immigrated to the United States. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All From 1840 to 1880 Germans were the largest group of immigrants. Following the revolutions in German states in 1848, a wave of political refugees fled to America, and became known as Forty-Eighters. " Germany " at the time of the Revolutions of 1848 had been a collection of 39 States loosely bound together in the German Confederation. The Forty-Eighters were Europeans who participated in or supported the revolutions of 1848 that swept Europe They included professionals, journalists and politicians. Prominent names included Carl Schurz and Henry Villard. Carl Schurz (March 2 1829 &ndash May 14 1906 was a German revolutionary American statesman and reformer and Union Army General in the Henry Villard ( April 10 1835 &ndash November 12, 1900) was an American Journalist and financier of German origin [26]

The cities of Chicago, Detroit, and New York were favored destinations. Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. The City of New York By 1900, the populations of the cities of Cleveland, Milwaukee, Hoboken and Cincinnati were all more than 40% German/German American. Cleveland is a City in the US state of Ohio and the County seat of Cuyahoga County, the most populous county in the state Hoboken is a city in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. Dubuque and Davenport, Iowa, had even larger proportions, as did Omaha, Nebraska, where the proportion of German Americans was 57% in 1910. Dubuque is a city in the US State of Iowa, located along the Mississippi River. Davenport is a City along the Mississippi River in the American state of Iowa. The State of Iowa ( is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States of America. The Over-the-Rhine neighborhood in Cincinnati was one of the largest German Catholic-American cultural centers. Over-the-Rhine is a neighborhood in Cincinnati The German Catholics ( Deutschkatholiken) were a schismatic Sect formed in December 1844 by German dissidents from the Roman Catholic

In the mid 1800s, German immigrants and German Americans increased rapidly in numbers in Milwaukee. When they entered city politics in great numbers, they became a vanguard among that city's Social Democratic Party (Socialists). They were heavily engaged in growing industries. Germans created the beer brewing industry under the Pabst, Schlitz, Miller, and Blatz family brands. Pabst Brewing Company is an American company founded in 1844 by Jacob Best Miller Brewing Company is the second largest American style Beermaker and is based in Milwaukee Wisconsin, United States. The Valentin Blatz Brewing Company was an American brewery based in Milwaukee Wisconsin. German Americans in Milwaukee also brought their strong support of education. They established schools and teacher training seminaries (Töchter-Institut) to prepare students and teachers in proper German language training. By the late 19th century, the Germania Publishing Company was established, a publisher of books, magazines, and newspapers in German. [27] In many other cities, such as Fort Wayne, Indiana, and Richmond, Virginia, German Americans were at least 30% of the population. Fort Wayne is a City in northeastern Indiana, United States and the County seat of Allen This article is about the city of Richmond the capital of the Commonwealth of Virginia.

About half went to cities, the other half went to farms in the Midwest. By the mid-20th century German Americans were the predominant rural element in much of the Midwest, as they were more likely than others to remain on farms. Texas attracted many Germans who entered through Galveston, both those who came to farm and later immigrants who more rapidly took industrial jobs in cities such as Houston. Texas ( is a state geographically located in the South Central United States and is also known as the Lone Star State. As in Milwaukee, Germans in Houston built the brewing industry. They also established a German cemetery. By the 1920s, the first generation of college-educated German Americans were moving into the chemical and oil industries. Immigrants included figures such as Paul Machemehl. The LA and Adelheid Machemehl House, a Texas Historical Landmark of the Texas Historical Commission, was built in the early 20th century

Germans also settled in cities in border states, such as Baltimore, Louisville and St. Louis. Few Germans went to the Deep South, though German Americans moving from surrounding rural areas made up a noteworthy part of the population of New Orleans. The Deep South is a descriptive category of cultural and geographic subregions in the American South. [28] German Americans were the largest group of immigrants during the 19th century, outnumbering both English and Irish immigrants, making German Americans the largest ethnic group in the United States today. [3]

The immigrants were as diverse as their countries of origin, except that very few aristocrats or upper middle class businessmen arrived. For example, consider Texas, with about 20,000 German Texans in the 1850s (from Handbook of Texas Online):

The Germans who settled Texas were diverse in many ways. German Texan is an ethnic category that includes residents of the state of Texas with German ancestry who identify with the term They included peasant farmers and intellectuals; Protestants, Catholics, Jews, and atheists; Prussians, Saxons, Hessians, and Alsatians; abolitionists and slaveholders; farmers and townsfolk; frugal, honest folk and ax murderers. PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ Prussia ( Latin: Borussia, Prutenia; Prūsija Prūsija Prusy Old Prussian: Prūsa) was most recently a historic state The Saxons or Saxon people were a Confederation of Old Germanic tribes. Alsace (Alsace alzas Alsatian and Elsass pre-1996 German: Elsaß; Alsatia is one of the 26 Regions of France, located on the eastern They differed in dialect, customs, and physical features. A majority had been farmers in Germany, and most arrived seeking economic opportunities. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. A few dissident intellectuals fleeing the 1848 revolutions sought political freedom, but few, save perhaps the Wends, went for religious freedom. " Germany " at the time of the Revolutions of 1848 had been a collection of 39 States loosely bound together in the German Confederation. Sorbs (Serbja Serby also known as Wends, Lusatian Sorbs or Lusatian Serbs, are a Slavic people settled in Lusatia
The German settlements in Texas reflected their diversity. Even in the confined area of the Hill Country, each valley offered a different kind of German. The Texas Hill Country is a region of Central Texas, USA, that features rolling somewhat rugged Hills that consist primarily of Limestone The Llano valley had stern, teetotaling German Methodists, who renounced dancing and fraternal organizations; the Pedernales valley had fun-loving, hardworking Lutherans and Catholics who enjoyed drinking and dancing; and the Guadalupe valley had atheist Germans descended from intellectual political refugees. The Llano River (LAN-no is a tributary of the Colorado River, approximately 105 mi (169 km long in central Texas in the United States. Methodism is a movement within Protestant Christianity represented by a number of denominations and organizations The Pedernales River (ˌpɝdəˈnæləs is a tributary of the Colorado River, approximately long in central Texas in the United States. The Guadalupe River runs from Kerr County, Texas, to the San Antonio River near the Gulf of Mexico. Atheism According to the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, a refugee is a person who owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race The scattered German ethnic islands were also diverse. These small enclaves included Lindsay in Cooke County, largely Westphalian Catholic; Waka in Ochiltree County, Midwestern Mennonite; Hurnville in Clay County, Russian German Baptist; and Lockett in Wilbarger County, Wendish Lutheran. Lindsay is an incorporated city in Cooke County, Texas, United States, along U Westphalia (Westfalen) is a region in Germany, centred on the cities of Bielefeld, Bochum, Dortmund, Gelsenkirchen, Münster Ochiltree County is a County located in the US state of Texas. The Mennonites are a group of Christian Anabaptist denominations named after Menno Simons (1496&ndash1561 though his teachings were a relatively Hurnville is an unincorporated community on Farm to Market Road 1197 eight miles north of Henrietta in north central Clay County, Texas The German minority in Russia and the Soviet Union was created from several sources and in several waves Wilbarger County is a County located in the US state of Texas.

Thousands of German Americans volunteered to fight for the Union in the American Civil War (1861-1865). During the American Civil War, the Union was a name used to refer to the federal government of the United States, which was supported by the twenty-three Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South Most had settled in northern states and no doubt adopted local attitudes. Having gone through their own revolution, many Germans had a strong revulsion against slavery. As a social-economic system slavery is a legal institution under which a Person (called "a slave" is compelled to work for another This was reflected in an incident on January 1, 1861, when the mostly German crowd made such a disturbance at a slave sale at the St. Louis courthouse that the sale price couldn't go above $8. New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Year 1861 ( MDCCCLXI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common 00. The demonstration marked the last slave auction in St. Louis. Many Germans could see the parallel between slavery and serfdom in the old fatherland. [29] The Germans were among the largest immigrant groups to participate in the Civil War: roughly 516,000 (23. 4% of all Union soldiers) were German Americans, and about 216,000 were born in Germany. 36,000 of these native-born Germans enlisted from New York. Behind the Empire State came Missouri with 30,000 and Ohio with 20,000. Missouri ( or) is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States bordered by Iowa, Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee Ohio ( is a Midwestern state of the United States. As part of the Great Lakes region, Ohio has long been a cultural and geographical crossroads [30] A popular Union commander among Germans, Major General Franz Sigel was the highest-ranking German American officer in the Union Army, with many German immigrants claiming to enlist to "fight mit Sigel. Franz Sigel ( November 18, 1824 &ndash August 21, 1902) was a German military officer and immigrant to the United States who was a The Union Army was the army that fought for the Union during the American Civil War. "

A Missouri man had once written the Confederate authorities that all they had to do to get rid of the Saint Louis Unionists was destroy the local breweries and seize all the beer: "… By this means the Germans will all die in a week and the Yankees will then run from this State. The Confederate States of America (also called the Confederacy, the Confederate States, and CSA) formed as the government set up from 1861 "
- M. Jeff Thompson of Missouri

The identification of Germans with the Unionist-Abolitionist persisted into the 1870s in the so-called "Mason County War" in Texas. Abolitionism was a political movement of the 18th and 19th century which sought to make Slavery illegal particularly in the United States and British West Indies John Peters Ringo ( May 3, 1850 – July 13, 1882) better known as Johnny Ringo, was a cowboy who became a Legend Texas ( is a state geographically located in the South Central United States and is also known as the Lone Star State. "Germans" were identified as Unionists while "Americans" were predominantly pro-Confederate. The conflict claimed some dozen lives before petering out. Now it is known chiefly because of the famous outlaw Johnny Ringo's participation on the anti-German side. John Peters Ringo ( May 3, 1850 – July 13, 1882) better known as Johnny Ringo, was a cowboy who became a Legend

Assimilation and World War I anti-German sentiment

After two or three generations, German Americans adopted mainstream American customs—some of which they heavily influenced—and switched their language to English. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States As one scholar concludes, "The overwhelming evidence … indicates that the German-American school was a bilingual one much (perhaps a whole generation or more) earlier than 1917, and that the majority of the pupils may have been English-dominant bilinguals from the early 1880s on. "[31] By 1914 the older members were attending German-language church services while the younger members were attending English services (in Lutheran, Evangelical and Catholic churches). In German parochial schools, the children spoke English among themselves, though some of their classes were in German. In 1917–18, after the US entry into WWI on the side of the British, nearly all German language instruction ended, as did most German-language church services.

During World War I, German Americans, especially those born abroad, were sometimes accused of being too sympathetic to the German Empire. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All The German Empire is the name commonly used in English to describe Germany from 1871 to 1918 when it was a semi- Constitutional monarchy: beginning with the Unification Teddy Roosevelt denounced "hyphenated Americanism" and insisted that dual loyalties were impossible in wartime. Theodore Roosevelt (ˈroʊzəvɛlt October 27 1858 January 6 1919 also known as T Epithet The term hyphenated American is an Epithet common 1890-1920 used to disparage Americans who were of foreign birth or origin and who displayed an allegiance A small minority came out for Germany, including H. L. Mencken, who believed the German democratic system was superior to American democracy. Likewise Harvard psychology professor Hugo Münsterberg dropped his efforts to mediate between America and Germany and threw his efforts behind the German cause. Hugo Münsterberg ( June 1 1863 - December 19 1916) was a German - American Psychologist. [32]

Several thousand vocal opponents of the war were imprisoned. [33] Thousands were forced to buy war bonds to show their loyalty. The Red Cross barred individuals with German last names from joining in fear of sabotage. The American Red Cross (also known as the American National Red Cross) is a humanitarian organization that provides emergency assistance disaster relief and education inside One man was hanged in Illinois, apparently for no other reason than that he appeared to be of German descent. The State of Illinois ( roughly ill-i-NOY is a state of the United States of America, the 21st to be admitted to the Union. The killers were found innocent of the crime and the hanging was called an act of patriotism by a jury. A Minnesota minister was tarred and feathered when he was overheard praying in German with a dying woman. Minnesota ( Native Americans demonstrated the name to early settlers [34] Some Germans during this time "Americanized" their names (e. Americanization (verb form Americanize,) is the term used for the influence the United States of America has on the Culture of other countries resulting g. Schmidt to Smith, Müller to Miller, Rickenbacher to Rickenbacker, Eisenhauer to Eisenhower) and limited their use of the German language in public places. Edward Vernon Rickenbacker (October 8 1890 &ndash July 27 1973 was an American fighter ace in World War I and Medal of Honor recipient Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower (October 14 1890 – March 28 1969 was President of the United States from 1953 until 1961 and a five-star general The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages.

In Chicago Frederick Stock temporarily stepped down as conductor of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra until he finalized his naturalization papers. WikipediaWikiProject Classical music#Biographical_infoboxes --> Frederick Stock ( Friedrich August Stock) ( November 11 The Chicago Symphony Orchestra ( CSO) is an American orchestra based in Chicago Illinois. Orchestras replaced music by Wagner with Berlioz on programs. In Cincinnati, reaction to anti-German sentiment during World War I caused the Public Library of Cincinnati to withdraw all German books from its shelves. Anti-German sentiment (or Germanophobia) is defined as a fear or hatred of Germany, its people, and the German language. [35] German-named streets were renamed. For example, in Indianapolis, a street named Germania Avenue was renamed Pershing Avenue — for a World War I general of German descent. John Joseph "Black Jack" Pershing, GCB ( September 13, 1860 – July 15, 1948) was an officer in the United States Army In Iowa, the 1918 Babel Proclamation made speaking foreign languages in public illegal. The State of Iowa ( is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States of America. Iowa's Governor William L Harding took the Anti-German Sentimentin the wake of WWI further than any other state and issued the so-called "Babel Proclamation" on May 14 1918 Nebraska banned instruction in any language except English, but the U.S. Supreme Court ruled the ban illegal in 1923 (Meyer v. Nebraska). Nebraska ( is a state located on the Great Plains of the Midwestern United States and The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest judicial body in the United States and leads the federal judiciary. Meyer v Nebraska, 262 US 390 (1923 was a US Supreme Court case which held that a 1919 Nebraska law prohibiting the teaching of foreign By then the nativist mood had largely subsided. Nativism is an Opposition to immigration which originated in United States politics with roots in the country's historic role as a Melting pot.

World War II

Between 1931 and 1940, 114,000 Germans moved to the United States, many of whom - including Nobel prize winner Albert Einstein - were Jewish Germans or anti-Nazis fleeing government oppression. Albert Einstein ( German: ˈalbɐt ˈaɪ̯nʃtaɪ̯n; English: ˈælbɝt ˈaɪnstaɪn (14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955 was a German -born theoretical Anti-fascism is the opposition to fascist ideologies organizations governments and people [36] About 25,000 people became paying members of the pro-Nazi German American Bund during the years before the war. The, officially National Socialist German Workers' Party, ( abbreviated NSDAP) was a Political party in Germany between 1919 and 1945 The German American Bund or German American Federation (German Amerikadeutscher Bund) was an American Nazi organization established in the 1930s [37] German Americans who had been born overseas were the subject of some suspicion and discrimination during the war, although prejudice and sheer numbers meant they suffered as a group generally less than Japanese Americans. are Americans of Japanese heritage Japanese Americans have historically been among the three largest Asian American communities but in recent decades have become the sixth largest group The Alien Registration Act of 1940 required 300,000 German-born U. The Alien Registration Act or Smith Act ( of 1940 is a United States federal statute that makes it a criminal offense for anyone to knowingly or willfully advocate S. resident aliens to register with the Federal government and restricted their travel and property ownership rights. [38][39] Under the still active Alien Enemy Act of 1798, the United States government interned nearly 11,000 German Americans between 1940 and 1948. The Alien and Sedition Acts were four bills passed in 1798 by the Federalists in the United States Congress —who were waging an undeclared naval war with France German American Internment refers to the detention of people of German ancestry in the United States during World War II. [40] Most were not yet American citizens. Some of these were United States citizens; some were the parents of active military men. [41] Civil rights violations occurred. [42] Five hundred were arrested without warrant. Others were held without charge for months or interrogated without benefit of legal counsel. Convictions were not eligible for appeal. [42] An unknown number of "voluntary internees" joined their spouses and parents in the camps and were not permitted to leave. [43][44][45]

President Franklin D. Roosevelt did not hesitate to name Americans of German ancestry to top war jobs, including General Dwight D. Eisenhower, Admiral Chester Nimitz, and General Carl Spaatz. Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower (October 14 1890 – March 28 1969 was President of the United States from 1953 until 1961 and a five-star general Fleet Admiral Chester William Nimitz, USN, GCB ( February 24, 1885 &ndash February 20, 1966) held the dual command Carl Andrew "Tooey" Spaatz GBE (June 28 1891 &ndash July 14 1974 was an American general in World War II, and the first Chief of He appointed Republican Wendell Willkie as a personal representative. Wendell Lewis Willkie ( February 18 1892 &ndash October 8 1944) was a corporate lawyer in the United States and the Republican German Americans who had fluent German language skills were an important asset to wartime intelligence, and they served as translators and as spies for the United States. [46] The war evoked strong patriotic sentiments among German Americans, few of whom by then had contacts with distant relatives in the old country.

German Americans in post-war years

Parking meter checker stands by his police vehicle which is imprinted with the German word for police (polizei). It is part of the town's highlighting its German ethnic origins. New Ulm, Minnesota, July 1974.
Parking meter checker stands by his police vehicle which is imprinted with the German word for police (polizei). It is part of the town's highlighting its German ethnic origins. New Ulm, Minnesota, July 1974. New Ulm is a city in Brown County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 13594 at the 2000 census. Year 1974 ( MCMLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the 1974 Gregorian calendar.

In the aftermath of WWII, tens of thousands of ethnic Germans were expelled from nations in eastern Europe, including the Soviet Union, Poland and Yugoslavia. Many resettled in East Germany, but others came as refugees to the United States in the late 1940s and established cultural centers in their new homes. Danouswabians, for instance, were ethnic Germans who had maintained language and customs after resettlement along the Danube in Hungary, later Yugoslavia (now Serbia). They were new immigrants to the US after the war.

From the 1970s on, time abated the anti-German sentiment aroused by World War II. [47] Today, German Americans who immigrated after World War II share the same characteristics as any other Western European immigrant group in the U. S. They are mostly professionals and academics who have come for professional reasons. Germany has been a preferred destination for immigrants rather than a source of migrating peoples. [48]

According to the 2005 American Community Survey[49], 50 million Americans have German ancestry. German Americans represent 17% of the total U. S. population and 26% of the non-Hispanic white population. White People is the second album by Handsome Boy Modeling School. Only 1. 5 million Americans speak German.

Of the four major U. S. regions, German was the most-reported ancestry in the Midwest, second in the West, and third in both the Northeast and the South. U S WEST Inc was a Regional Bell Operating Company, one of seven "Baby Bells" that were spawned by the Antitrust breakup of AT&T in 1983 The Northeast is a region of the United States. As defined by the U The Southern United States &mdashcommonly referred to as the American South, Dixie, or simply the South &mdashconstitutes a large distinctive German was the top reported ancestry in 23 states, and it was one of the top five reported ancestries in every state except Maine and Rhode Island. The State of Maine ( is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America, bordering the Atlantic Ocean Rhode Island ( officially named the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, is a state in the New England region of the United States

Religious affiliations

1850 census map shows Lutheran population. Nearly all were German since few Scandinavians had arrived yet.
1850 census map shows Lutheran population. Nearly all were German since few Scandinavians had arrived yet.

Immigrants from Germany in the early to late 1800s brought many different religions with them. The most numerous were Lutheran or Catholic, although the Lutherans were themselves split among different groups. Lutheranism is a major branch of Western Christianity that identifies with the teachings of the sixteenth-century German reformer Martin Luther The more conservative Lutherans comprised the Lutheran Church - Missouri Synod and the Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod. The Lutheran Church—Missouri Synod (LCMS founded in 1847 in Missouri, is the eighth largest Protestant denomination in the United States and the second-largest The Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod (WELS is a North American religious denomination with practice rooted in the Lutheran tradition of Christianity Other Lutherans formed a complex checkerboard of synods. In 1988 most of these merged, together with Scandinavian-based synods, into the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America. The Evangelical Lutheran Church in America ( ELCA) is a mainline Protestant denomination headquartered in Chicago Illinois.

Other German Protestants were descendants of the united "Evangelical Church" in Germany. They created the Reformed denomination (especially in New York and Pennsylvania), and the Evangelical denomination (strongest in the Midwest). The Reformed Church in the United States (RCUS is an American denomination of Christian churches standing in the Protestant tradition The Evangelical Synod of North America (known as the German Evangelical Synod of North America until 1927 was a denominational body of Protestant churches They are now part of the United Church of Christ. The United Church of Christ ( UCC) is a mainline Protestant Christian denomination principally in the United States, Many immigrants joined different churches from those that existed in Germany. Protestants often joined the Methodist church. The United Methodist Church is the largest Methodist denomination and the second largest Protestant denomination in the United States.

Some 19th century immigrants, especially the "48ers", were secular, rejecting formal religion.

Before 1800, communities of Amish, Mennonites, Moravians and Hutterites had formed and are still in existence today. The Amish (ˈɑːmɪʃ are members of an Anabaptist Christian denomination best known for Simple living, Plain dress and resisting modern conveniences The Mennonites are a group of Christian Anabaptist denominations named after Menno Simons (1496&ndash1561 though his teachings were a relatively Hutterites are a communal branch of Anabaptists who like the Amish and Mennonites, trace their roots to the Radical Reformation of the 16th century Some still speak dialects of German, including Pennsylvania German, informally known as Pennsylvania Dutch (from Deutsch). The Pennsylvania Dutch (perhaps more strictly Pennsylvania Deitsch, Pennsylvania Germans or Pennsylvania Deutsch) are the descendants of German The Amish, who were originally from southern Germany and Switzerland, arrived in Pennsylvania during the early 18th century. Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation Amish immigration to the United States reached its peak between the years 1727 and 1770. Religious freedom was perhaps the most pressing cause for Amish immigration to Pennsylvania, which became known as a haven for persecuted religious groups. [50]

The Hutterites are another example of a group of German Americans who continue a lifestyle similar to that of their ancestors. Hutterites, much like the Amish, fled persecution for their religious beliefs and came to the United States in 1870. Today Hutterites mostly reside in Montana, the Dakotas, and Minnesota, as well as in the western provinces of Canada. Montana ( is a state in the Western United States. One-third of the state in the western part contains numerous mountain ranges (approximately 77 named of the northern The Dakotas is a collective term used around the world that refers to the U Minnesota ( Native Americans demonstrated the name to early settlers Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Hutterites continue to speak German. The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. Most are able to speak Standard German in addition to their dialect. [51]

German American influence

Dispersal of German Americans according to the 2000 census
Dispersal of German Americans according to the 2000 census

Germans have contributed to a vast number of areas in American culture and technology. The ancestry of the people of the United States is widely varied and includes descendants of Populations from around the World, some presumably extinct Baron von Steuben, a former Prussian officer, led the reorganization of the U.S. Army during the War for Independence and helped make the victory against British troops possible. Friedrich Wilhelm Ludolf Gerhard Augustin von Steuben ( September 17, 1730 &ndash November 28, 1794) was a Prussian-German army officer Prussia ( Latin: Borussia, Prutenia; Prūsija Prūsija Prusy Old Prussian: Prūsa) was most recently a historic state The United States Army is a military organization whose primary mission is to "provide necessary forces and capabilities. In this article the inhabitants of the thirteen colonies that supported the American Revolution are primarily referred to as "Americans" with occasional references to "Patriots" The Steinway & Sons piano manufacturing firm was founded by immigrant Heinrich Engelhard Steinweg in 1853. Steinway & Sons (often called Steinway) is a Piano maker since 1853 in New York City, USA. Henry E Steinway ( February 17, 1797 &ndash February 7, 1871) was a German Piano manufacturer and the founder of German settlers brought the Christmas tree custom to the United States. A Christmas tree, Yule tree, holiday tree or Tannenbaum (fir tree is one of the most popular Traditions associated with the celebration The Studebakers built large numbers of wagons used during the Western migration; Studebaker, like the Duesenberg brothers, later became an important early automobile manufacturer. Studebaker Corporation, or simply Studebaker, was a United States Wagon and Automobile manufacturer based in Duesenberg was an Auburn Indiana based luxury Automobile company active in various forms from 1913 to 1937 and is most famous for their high-quality record-breaking Carl Schurz, a refugee from the unsuccessful first German democratic revolution of 1848 (see also German Confederation), served as U. Carl Schurz (March 2 1829 &ndash May 14 1906 was a German revolutionary American statesman and reformer and Union Army General in the The European Revolutions of 1848, known in some countries as the Spring of Nations or the Year of Revolution, were a series of political upheavals throughout the European The German Confederation (Deutscher Bund was the association of Central European states created by the Congress of Vienna in 1815 to serve as the successor to S. Secretary of the Interior. The United States Secretary of the Interior is the head of the United States Department of the Interior.

After World War II, Wernher von Braun, and most of the leading engineers from the former German rocket base Peenemünde, were brought to the U. Wernher Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun (March 23 1912 &ndash June 16 1977 a German rocket physicist and astronautics engineer became one of the leading figures in Peenemünde (peːnəˈmʏndə is a village in the northeast of the German (Western part of the Usedom island S. They contributed decisively to the development of U. S. military rockets, as well as rockets for the NASA space program. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA, ˈnæsə is an agency of the United States government, responsible for the nation's public space program

The influence of German cuisine is seen in the cuisine of the United States throughout the country, especially regarding pastries, meats and sausages, and above all, beer. German cuisine varies greatly from region to region The southern regions of Bavaria and Swabia share many dishes among them and with their neighbours to the south The cuisine of the United States is a style of food preparation derived from the United States. Frankfurters (or "wieners", originating from Frankfurt and Vienna, respectively), hamburgers, bratwurst, sauerkraut, and strudel are common dishes. A hot dog is a type of fully-cooked cured and/or smoked moist Sausage of soft even texture and flavor Vienna ( in Wien; see also other names) is the Capital of Austria, and is also one of the nine States of Austria. A hamburger (or burger) is a Sandwich consisting of a cooked ground Meat Patty, usually Beef, placed in a sliced bun or between A bratwurst ( pronounced:) is a Sausage composed of Pork, Beef, or Veal. Sauerkraut ( English:, German:, Yiddish: ˈzɔi̯əʀˌkʀɔi̯t is finely shredded Cabbage that has been fermented by various For the typographical character nicknamed 'strudel' see At sign. German bakers introduced the pretzel. A pretzel is a bread pastry of German origin that has the shape of a three looped Knot or twisted braid Germans have almost totally dominated the beer industry since 1850. Beer is the world's oldest and most widely consumed Alcoholic beverage and the third most popular drink overall after water and tea Almost half of all current beer sales in the United States can be attributed to German immigrants Eberhard Anheuser and Adolphus Busch, who founded Anheuser-Busch in St. Louis in 1860; the company remains in the Busch family still today. Anheuser-Busch Companies Inc ( (ˈænhаɪzər bʊʃ is the largest Brewing company in the United States with a 48 The revival of microbreweries is partly due to instruction from German beer masters. A microbrewery, or craft brewery, is a modern Brewery which produces a limited amount of beer usually with an orientation toward distinctive and flavorful products One of the areas in which the influence of German cuisine is strongest is the small town Midwest. Among larger cities, Cincinnati is known for its German American annual festival Zinzinnati,[52], and Milwaukee is known for German Fest. German Fest is an ethnic festival in Milwaukee Wisconsin, at the Henry Maier Festival Park, on the Lake Michigan lakefront The two are among the largest German American festivals in the country. Oktoberfest, German-American Day and Von Steuben Day celebrations are held regularly throughout the country. The Oktoberfest is a sixteen-day festival held each year in Munich, Bavaria, Germany during late September (and running to early October German-American Day is a holiday in the United States observed annually on October 6 Von Steuben Day is held traditionally on a weekend in mid-September (von Steuben was born September 17th celebrating Baron Friedrich von Steuben, who arrived in

German American presidents

There have been two presidents whose fathers were of German descent: Dwight Eisenhower (original family name Eisenhauer and maternal side is also German/Swiss) and Herbert Hoover (original family name Huber). Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower (October 14 1890 – March 28 1969 was President of the United States from 1953 until 1961 and a five-star general Herbert Clark Hoover (August 10 1874 &ndash October 20 1964 was the thirty-first President of the United States (1929–1933 [53] Presidents with maternal German ancestry include Richard Milhous Nixon (Nixon's maternal ancestors were Germans who anglicized Melhausen to Milhous). [54] Other presidents with German ancestry include George W. Bush, George H. W. Bush, and Theodore Roosevelt. Originating in Orange New Jersey, the Bush family in the 20th century became an accomplished Political family in the United States, including across Originating in Orange New Jersey, the Bush family in the 20th century became an accomplished Political family in the United States, including across Theodore Roosevelt (ˈroʊzəvɛlt October 27 1858 January 6 1919 also known as T

German American communities

German Americans are common in the U.S. Light blue indicates counties where persons of German ancestry form a plurality.
German Americans are common in the U. S. Light blue indicates counties where persons of German ancestry form a plurality. A county of the United States is a local level of government created as a subdivision of a state by the state government or by the federal or territorial government as a subdivision The ancestry of the people of the United States is widely varied and includes descendants of Populations from around the World, some presumably extinct

Today, most German Americans have assimilated to the point that they no longer have readily identifiable ethnic communities, though there are still many metropolitan areas where German is the most reported ethnicity, such as Detroit, Chicago, Kansas City, Cleveland, Indianapolis, Minneapolis-St. Paul, St. Louis, Cincinnati, Louisville; Richmond, Virginia; and Milwaukee. Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. Kansas City Missouri only Items for the metro area Kansas City Kansas or North Kansas City MO should go on their respective pages Cleveland is a City in the US state of Ohio and the County seat of Cuyahoga County, the most populous county in the state This article is about the city of Richmond the capital of the Commonwealth of Virginia.

The following list shows historically German neighborhoods or areas in major cities. Often the residents of German descent have been succeeded by those of other ethnic groups. The list concentrates on urban areas and does not include the rural areas extending from western New Jersey and Upstate New York to the Great Plains that were, or still are, heavily German. New Jersey ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States. Upstate New York is the region of New York State north of the core of the New York metropolitan area. The Great Plains are the broad expanse of Prairie and Steppe which lie east of the Rocky Mountains in the United States and Canada

Further information: Germans in Omaha

See also

References

  1. ^ a b US Census Factfinder.
  2. ^ US demographic census. Retrieved on 2007-04-15. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1450 - Battle of Formigny: Toward the end of the Hundred Years' War, the French attack and nearly annihilate English ; The 2000 census gives 15. 2% or 42. 8 million. The 1990 census had 23. 3% or 57. 9 million.
  3. ^ a b Adams, J. Q. ; Pearlie Strother-Adams (2001). Dealing with Diversity. Chicago, IL: Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company. 0-7872-8145-X.  
  4. ^ German Immigrants in the United States
  5. ^ Chronology : The Germans in America (European Reading Room, Library of Congress)
  6. ^ [1] "Some states mandated English as the exclusive language of instruction in the public schools, while Pennsylvania and Ohio in 1839 were first in allowing German as an official alternative, even requiring it on parental demand. "
  7. ^ Rating the Top Baseball Players of All Time. Retrieved on 2007-11-28. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. For the town in Argentina, see 28 de Noviembre. Events
  8. ^ [2] "German Heritage of Clark Gable. "
  9. ^ [3] "…born in Cadiz, Ohio. Both Gable's mother (Adeline Hershelman) and father (William H. Gable) had German ancestors (Frankenfield, Hershelman, and Haupt) who had settled in Pennsylvania. "
  10. ^ [4] "His parents are Joseph and Dolores Hasselhoff, and his family is of mainly German ancestry. "
  11. ^ http://www.nndb.com/people/246/000025171/] NNDB page of David Hasselhoff
  12. ^ [5] "German-American motion-picture actress whose aura of sophistication and languid sensuality made her one of the most glamorous of all film stars. "
  13. ^ [6] "German Heritage of Marlene Dietrich. "
  14. ^ [7] "though as it happens, Doris Day, nee Doris Kappelhoff, is purebred German. "
  15. ^ [8] "Doris Day (Doris Mary Ann von Kappelhoff, 1924- ; some bios claim she was born in 1922) - American film actress and TV personality born in the Cincinnati suburb of Evanston, Ohio in her family's house, "attended by a good German midwife. " Both her parents were children of German immigrants. (Her maternal grandfather Welz came from Berlin. ) Despite being Catholics, Doris' parents separated over William von Kappelhoff's extramarital affair when Doris was eleven, and later divorced. In the 1940s in California, the singer began to use the stage name Doris Day. "
  16. ^ [9] "He's half-German, half-Italian. " [10] "His dad, George DiCaprio, half German and half Italian, is an underground comic book artist… DiCaprio's mother, Irmelin Indenbirken (sometimes spelled In Den Birken), was born in a German air raid shelter in the midst of a World War II air raid. After the war, in the 1950s, she emigrated to the US with her parents as a young child… DiCaprio's maternal grandparents, Wilhelm and Helene Indenbirken, continued to live in the US for many years before returning to Germany to enjoy their retirement. " [11]
  17. ^ [12] "The German-born, New Jersey-raised Willis, 43, is one of Hollywood's biggest…"
  18. ^ [13] "The half-German, half-Alabaman Bullock was born in Washington, DC…
  19. ^ [14] "He was born Guenther Edward Schneider February 18, 1890 in New York City to fur cutter Carl Schneider and Elizabeth Ohse formerly of Hanover, Germany. Five children made for a crowded coldwater flat, but the thrifty German family somehow always had enough food on the table. "
  20. ^ [15] "…posters of this Swedish/German beauty will be plastered in locker rooms everywhere…"
  21. ^ German Americans in Jamestown. Retrieved on 2006-10-10. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 680 - Battle of Karbala: Shia Imam Husayn bin Ali, the grandson of the Prophet Muhammad, is decapitated
  22. ^ a b First German-Americans. Retrieved on 2006-10-05. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 869 - The Fourth Council of Constantinople is convened to decide about what to do about Patriarch Photius of Constantinople
  23. ^ Loyalists (Royalists, Tories) in South Carolina
  24. ^ Wood (1942)
  25. ^ J. Hanno Deiler. Retrieved on 2007-11-30. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1700 - Battle of Narva — A Swedish army of 8500 men under Charles XII defeats
  26. ^ Carl Wittke, Refugees of Revolution: The German Forty-Eighters in America (1952)
  27. ^ "Deutsch-Athen Revisited…"
  28. ^ German Settlers in Louisiana and New Orleans. Retrieved on 2007-11-30. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1700 - Battle of Narva — A Swedish army of 8500 men under Charles XII defeats
  29. ^ The German Cause in St. Louis
  30. ^ Faust, page 523. Quoting from an 1869 ethnicity study by B. A. Gould of the United States Sanitary Commission. The United States Sanitary Commission was an official agency of the United States government created by legislation signed by President of the United States
  31. ^ Language loyalty in the German-American Church: the Case of an Over-confident Minority by Harold Schiffman.
  32. ^ Hugo Münsterberg's obituary.
  33. ^ The War Department: Keeper of Our Nation's Enemy Aliens During World War I by Mitchel Yockelson. Presented to the Society for Military History Annual Meeting, April 1998.
  34. ^ cover4.qxd
  35. ^ Cincinnati's Century of Change
  36. ^ A German-American Chronology, adapted from: The German Americans: An Ethnic Experience by LaVern J. Rippley and Eberhard Reichmann.
  37. ^ German American Bund, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, D. C.
  38. ^ Statement of Senator Russell D. Feingold
  39. ^ H.R. 3198 [109th: Wartime Treatment Study Act]
  40. ^ Honolulu Star-Bulletin Hawaii News
  41. ^ The Greis Story: Interned with Sons in the Military
  42. ^ a b Real People: The Human Cost of Wartime Civil Liberties Violations
  43. ^ German Internment Camps in World War II
  44. ^ The lost voices of Crystal City
  45. ^ German American Internees in the United States during WWII by Karen E. Ebel
  46. ^ US World War II Treatment of German Americans
  47. ^ Survey Shows Americans Continue to Have Positive View of Germany
  48. ^ Immigration… German: Shadows of War
  49. ^ US demographic census. Retrieved on 2007-04-15. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1450 - Battle of Formigny: Toward the end of the Hundred Years' War, the French attack and nearly annihilate English
  50. ^ The Amish. Retrieved on 2006-10-06. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 105 BC - Battle of Arausio: The Cimbri inflict the heaviest defeat on the Roman army of Gnaeus Mallius Maximus
  51. ^ Allard, William Albert (2006). Hutterite Sojourn. Washington DC: National Geographic Society.  
  52. ^ Oktoberfest-Zinzinnati. Retrieved on 2007-04-29. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1429 - Joan of Arc arrives to relieve the Siege of Orleans.
  53. ^ The Hoover Family
  54. ^ [Stephen E. Ambose Nixon chapter 1 (1987)]

External links


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