| Gerd von Rundstedt | |
|---|---|
| 12 December 1875 – 24 February 1953 (aged 77) | |
 Gerd von Rundstedt |
|
| Place of birth | AscherslebenGerman Empire |
| Place of death | Hanover |
| Allegiance |  German Empire (to 1918) Weimar Republic (to 1933) Nazi Germany (to 1945) |
| Years of service | 1892-1945 |
| Rank | Generalfeldmarschall |
| Awards | Ritterkreuz mit Eichenlaub und Schwertern |
Karl Rudolf Gerd von Rundstedt (December 12, 1875 - February 24, 1953) was a Generalfeldmarschall of the German Army during World War II. Events 627 - Battle of Nineveh: A Byzantine army under Emperor Heraclius defeats Emperor Khosrau II 's Persian Year 1875 ( MDCCCLXXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 303 - Galerius, Roman Emperor, publishes his edict that begins the persecution of Christians in his portion of the Year 1953 ( MCMLIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Aschersleben (ˈaʃɐsleːbən is a Town in the Salzlandkreis district in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. The German Empire is the name commonly used in English to describe Germany from 1871 to 1918 when it was a semi- Constitutional monarchy: beginning with the Unification Hanover (i ( haˈnoːfɐ on the river Leine, is the capital of the federal state of Lower Saxony ( Niedersachsen The German Empire is the name commonly used in English to describe Germany from 1871 to 1918 when it was a semi- Constitutional monarchy: beginning with the Unification The term Weimar Republic ( ˈvaɪmarɐ repuˈbliːk is used by historians to signify the democratic and Republican period of Germany from 1919 to 1933 Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers Field Marshal General, in German Generalfeldmarschall ( (usually translated simply as Field marshal, and sometimes written only as Feldmarschall For other meanings please see Iron Cross (disambiguation The Iron Cross ( was a Military decoration of the Kingdom of Prussia Events 627 - Battle of Nineveh: A Byzantine army under Emperor Heraclius defeats Emperor Khosrau II 's Persian Year 1875 ( MDCCCLXXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 303 - Galerius, Roman Emperor, publishes his edict that begins the persecution of Christians in his portion of the Year 1953 ( MCMLIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Field Marshal General, in German Generalfeldmarschall ( (usually translated simply as Field marshal, and sometimes written only as Feldmarschall The German Army (Deutsches Heer heɐ) is the land component of the armed forces of the Federal Republic of Germany. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including He held some of the highest field commands in all phases of the war.
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Early life
Born in Aschersleben in the Province of Saxony into an aristocratic Prussian family, von Rundstedt joined the German Army in 1892, then entered Germany's elite military academy in 1902 – an institution that accepted only 160 new students annually and weeded out 75% of the students through exams. Aschersleben (ˈaʃɐsleːbən is a Town in the Salzlandkreis district in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. }The Province of Saxony (Provinz Sachsen was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia and later the Free State of Prussia from 1816 until 1945 Prussia ( Latin: Borussia, Prutenia; Prūsija Prūsija Prusy Old Prussian: Prūsa) was most recently a historic state The German Army (Deutsches Heer heɐ) is the land component of the armed forces of the Federal Republic of Germany. A military academy or service academy (American English is an educational institution which prepares candidates for service in the officer corps of the Army the Navy Air Force During World War I he rose in rank until 1918 when he was a major and was chief of staff of his division. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All A division is a large Military unit or formation usually consisting of around ten to thirty thousand soldiers
After the war, von Rundstedt rose steadily in the small 100,000 man army and in 1932, was appointed commander of the 3rd Infantry Division. The German 3rd Infantry Division was established under the cover name Wehrgauleitung Frankfurt in 1934 by expanding the 3rd Division of the Reichswehr. Later that year he threatened to resign when Franz von Papen declared martial law and ordered his troops to eject members of the Nazi Party from state government offices. (29 October 1879 2 May 1969 was a German nobleman Catholic monarchist Politician, General Staff officer and Diplomat Martial law is the system of rules that takes effect when the military takes control of the normal administration of justice The, officially National Socialist German Workers' Party, ( abbreviated NSDAP) was a Political party in Germany between 1919 and 1945 In 1938 he retired after it was understood that Werner von Fritsch - Commander-in-Chief of the German Army (OKH) - was framed by the Gestapo. Werner Freiherr (Baron von Fritsch ( 4 August 1880 &ndash 22 September 1939) was a prominent Wehrmacht officer member of the The Oberkommando des Heeres (OKH was Germany 's Army High Command from 1936 to 1945
World War II
In September 1939 World War II began, and von Rundstedt was recalled to lead Army Group South during the successful invasion of Poland. Army Group South (Heeresgruppe Süd was the name of a number of German Army Groups during World War II. The Invasion of Poland (1939 precipitated World War II. It was carried out by Nazi Germany, the Soviet Union, and a small German-allied Turning to the West, he supported Manstein's "armored fist" approach to the invasion of France, and this was eventually selected as Fall Gelb. Erich von Manstein ( November 24, 1887 &ndash June 9 1973) served the German military as a lifelong professional soldier In World War II, the Battle of France, also known as the Fall of France, was the German invasion of France and the Low Countries In World War II, the Battle of France, also known as the Fall of France, was the German invasion of France and the Low Countries During the battle he was placed in command of seven panzer divisions, three motorized infantry divisions, and 35 regular infantry divisions. A panzer, pronunced, is a German Tank, especially in the context of World War II. Motorised infantry is Infantry which is transported by Trucks or other motor vehicles
By May 14, 1940, the armored divisions led by Heinz Guderian had crossed the Meuse and had opened up a huge gap in the Allied front. Events 1264 - Battle of Lewes: Henry III of England is captured in France making Simon de Montfort the Year 1940 ( MCMXL) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Heinz Wilhelm Guderian ( 17 June, 1888 – 14 May, 1954) was a military theorist and innovative General of the German Meuse (møːz is a department in northeast France, named after the Meuse River. General von Rundstedt had doubts about the survivability of these units without infantry support, and asked for a pause while the infantry caught up; the halt allowed the British to evacuate their forces to Dunkirk. Dunkirk ( French: Dunkerque, dœ̃kɛʀk or; Dutch:; is a harbour city and a commune in the northernmost part of France, in the Later Rundstedt forbade an attack on the Dunkirk beachhead, allowing the British to fully evacuate it. This turn of events has raised eyebrows over the years. Von Rundstedt and others subsequently argued that the decision was Hitler's and stemmed from his belief that Britain would more readily accept a peace treaty if he magnanimously spared what remained of her expeditionary force. What was in Hitler's mind cannot be verified, and though his willingness to acquiesce in the halt is puzzling, the final decision on the matter was Rundstedt's, as Hitler delegated power over the matter to him, much to Halder's uncomprehending exasperation. Franz Ritter Halder ( June 30 1884 &ndash April 2 1972) was a German General and the head of the Army General
Von Rundstedt was promoted to field marshal on July 19, 1940 and took part in the planning of Operation Sealion. Events 711 - Muslim forces under Tariq ibn Ziyad defeat the Visigoths led by their king Roderic. Year 1940 ( MCMXL) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Operation Sealion (Unternehmen Seelöwe was Germany's plan to invade the United Kingdom during World War II, beginning in 1940 When the invasion was called off, von Rundstedt took control of occupation forces and was given responsibility to develop the coastal defenses in the Netherlands, Belgium and France. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those
Operation Barbarossa
In June 1941 von Rundstedt took part in Operation Barbarossa as commander of Army Group South, where he led 52 infantry divisions and five Panzer divisions into the Soviet Union. Operation Barbarossa ( Unternehmen Barbarossa) was the Codename for Nazi Germany 's invasion of the Soviet Union during World War II The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 At first his progress was slow, but in September AG South captured Kiev in a double encirclement operation made possible by Stalin's unreasoning refusal to abandon it, even though the Dnieper had been crossed both north and south of it. Kiev, also known as Kyiv ( Ukrainian:, Kyiv, ˈkɪjiw Russian:, Kiyev; see also Cities' alternative names) is the The Germans claimed a fantastic haul of 665,000 Russian prisoners based on the encircled divisions' nominal, pre-combat strength as revealed by captured Soviet records. The Soviets reported that owing to previous losses - also exaggerated by the Germans, yet not subtracted by them from their tally of Soviet prisoners - the encircled divisions possessed merely 452,000 men and that, of those, 150,541 made their way out of the pocket before the lumbering German infantry divisions caught up with the armor and the ring of encirclement was consolidated. Thus "only" 300,000 men were permanently trapped, whether captured or killed. After this von Rundstedt moved east to attack Kharkov and Rostov. Kharkiv or Kharkov (Харків Харьков is the second largest city in Ukraine. Rostov-on-Don (Росто́в-на-Дону́ Rostov-na-Donu rɐ'stof nə dɐ'nu is the city and the administrative center of Rostov Oblast and the He strongly opposed continuing the advance into the Soviet Union during the winter and advised Hitler to call a halt, but his views were rejected.
In November, von Rundstedt had a heart attack, but he refused to be hospitalized and continued the advance, reaching Rostov on November 21. Myocardial infarction ( MI or AMI for acute myocardial infarction) also known as a heart attack, occurs when the blood supply Events 164 BC - Judas Maccabaeus, son of Mattathias of the Hasmonean family restores the Temple in Jerusalem. A counter-attack forced the Germans back. When von Rundstedt demanded to be allowed to withdraw, Hitler became furious and replaced him with General Walther von Reichenau. Walter von Reichenau ( October 8, 1884 &ndash January 17, 1942) was a German Generalfeldmarschall.
Western Battlefield
Hitler recalled von Rundstedt to duty in March 1942, placing him once again in command of the west. The German Army Command in the West ( Oberbefehlshaber West (German initials OB West) was the overall command of German Armed Forces ( Wehrmacht There he proved tardy, so much so that as late as the autumn of 1943, no fortifications worthy of mention existed along the entire Atlantic shore. Fortifications are Military Constructions and Buildings designed for defense in Warfare Humans have constructed defensive works for It was only after Erwin Rommel's appointment as von Rundstedt's ostensible subordinate that fortification work began in earnest. Erwin Johannes Eugen Rommel ( ( 15 November 1891 – 14 October 1944) (also known as the " Desert Fox " Wüstenfuchs During the debates preceding the landing von Rundstedt insisted that the armoured reserves should be held in the operational rear so that they could all be rushed to whatever sector the Allies happened to land in. Armoured warfare or tank warfare is the use of Armoured fighting vehicles in Modern warfare. A military reserve, tactical reserve, or strategic reserve (and normally called only as the/his/their " Reserve /( s)" or sometimes as Geyr von Schweppenberg, the armoured commander, supported him. Leo Dietrich Franz Freiherr Geyr von Schweppenburg ( 2 March 1886 &ndash 27 January 1974) was a German cavalry officer in Rommel, by contrast, insisted that the armoured forces must be deployed very near the shoreline, just beyond the reach of allied naval artillery, since Allied command of the air would preclude moving them from further than that. Badly affected by his experiences in Africa, Rommel believed that Allied air operations would prohibit movement during the day and even gravely inhibit movement at night. Rundstedt was convinced that a landing as far west as Normandy was out of the question and that very little armour should be committed there. Normandy (Normandie Norman: Normaundie) is a geographical region corresponding to the former Duchy of Normandy. Ultimately, the armoured divisions were dispersed and only two were spared to the northern French shore, west of the Seine, with only one assigned to the Normandy sector, with disastrous consequences once the invasion began. After the D-Day landings in June 1944, von Rundstedt urged Hitler to negotiate a peace settlement with the Allies. Hitler responded by replacing him with Field Marshal Günther von Kluge. Günther “Hans” von Kluge ( October 30, 1882 – August 19, 1944) was a German military leader
As a result of the July 20 Plot, which outraged von Rundstedt, he agreed to join Guderian and Wilhelm Keitel on the Army Court of Honour that expelled hundreds of officers suspected of being opposed to Hitler, often on the flimsiest of evidence. Heinz Wilhelm Guderian ( 17 June, 1888 – 14 May, 1954) was a military theorist and innovative General of the German Wilhelm Bodewin Johann Gustav Keitel (22 September 1882–16 October 1946 was a German Field marshal ( Generalfeldmarschall) This removed them from the jurisdiction of the military and turned them over to Roland Freisler. Military law is a distinct legal system to which members of Armed forces are subject Early life In contrast to most of the Nazi leadership not much beyond basic details is known about Freisler Many were executed.
In mid-August 1944, von Kluge committed suicide and Fieldmarshall Model was given command of OB West for eighteen days before he was relieved of duty and von Rundstedt was once again placed in command in the west. Otto Moritz Walter Model ('modəl (24 January 1891 – 21 April 1945 was a German general and later field marshal during World War II. He quickly rallied the troops just in time to fight Operation Market Garden, winning the battle. Operation Market Garden ( September 17, 1944 – September 25, 1944) was an Allied military operation fought in the Netherlands Although he was Commander of the Western Forces during the offensive to retake Antwerp (which failed against hopeless odds in what would be known as the Battle of the Bulge), he was opposed to that offensive from its inception and essentially washed his hands of it. ||-||-||-||} Antwerp ( Dutch:, French: Anvers) is a City and Municipality in Belgium and the capital of the The Ardennes Offensive (16 December 1944 – 25 January 1945 was a major German offensive launched towards the end of World War II through the forested Ardennes Mountains He was relieved of command once again in March 1945 after telling Wilhelm Keitel that Hitler should make peace with the Allies, rather than continue to fight a hopeless war. Wilhelm Bodewin Johann Gustav Keitel (22 September 1882–16 October 1946 was a German Field marshal ( Generalfeldmarschall)
After the War
Rundstedt was captured by the US 36th Infantry Division on May 1, 1945. The 36th Infantry Division —also known as the Fighting 36th, the Panther Division, or the Texas Division —is a modular division of the Events 305 - Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman Emperor. Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar During his captivity he was reportedly asked by Soviet interrogaters which battle he regarded as most decisive. Expecting him to say 'Stalingrad', Von Rundstedt replied: "The Battle of Britain". The Battle of Britain (German ''Luftschlacht um England'' is the name given to the sustained strategic effort by the German Luftwaffe during the summer and Annoyed the Soviets "put away their notebooks and left"[1]. While being interrogated he suffered another heart attack, and was taken to Britain, where he was held in captivity in a Prisoner-of-War Camp in Bridgend, South Wales. He was charged by the British as a war criminal. The charges against him concerned his involvement in mass murders in occupied Soviet territories. On October 10, 1941, his subordinate, Walther von Reichenau the 6th army's commander issued his infamously bloodthirsty "Reichenau Order". Events 680 - Battle of Karbala: Shia Imam Husayn bin Ali, the grandson of the Prophet Muhammad, is decapitated Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Walter von Reichenau ( October 8, 1884 &ndash January 17, 1942) was a German Generalfeldmarschall. [1] Upon receiving a copy Rundstedt, much impressed, immediately reissued the order to his other army commanders, presenting it as a model to orders he expected them to issue to their troops. He was also recorded as very helpful to Einsatzgruppen. Einsatzgruppen ( German: "task forces" "intervention groups" were Paramilitary groups formed by Heinrich Himmler and When questioned on the matter and presented with damning testimony from an Einsatzgruppe commander, Rundstedt could do no more than say that it was impudence for the SS man to "talk this way about a field marshal" yet proved unable to challenge this and documentary evidence. Ultimately he never faced trial, allegedly because of his poor health, though the American prosecution team suspected that political considerations underlay the British decision. He was released in July 1948, and lived in Hanover until his death. Hanover (i ( haˈnoːfɐ on the river Leine, is the capital of the federal state of Lower Saxony ( Niedersachsen
Family
On January 22, 1902 von Rundstedt married Luise Bila von Götz (d. Events 565 - Eutychius is deposed as Patriarch of Constantinople by John Scholasticus. Year 1902 ( MCMII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting 1952) and they had one child Hans Gerd von Rundstedt (1903-1948).
Summary of the military career
Dates of rank
- Fähnrich: March 22, 1892
- Leutnant: January 01, 1899
- Oberleutnant: October 01, 1902
- Hauptmann: March 22, 1909
- Major: November 28, 1914
- Oberstleutnant: October 01, 1920
- Oberst: February 01, 1923
- Generalmajor: November 01, 1927
- Generalleutnant: March 01, 1929
- General der Infanterie: October 01, 1932
- Generaloberst: March 01, 1938
- Generalfeldmarschall: July 19, 1940
Notable decorations
- Iron Cross Second (1914) and First (1914) Classes
- Prussian Crown Order 4th. Events 238 - Gordian I and his son Gordian II are proclaimed Roman emperor. Year 1892 ( MDCCCXCII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Second Lieutenant is the lowest commissioned officer Military rank in many Armed forces. New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Year 1899 ( MDCCCXCIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Oberleutnant is a junior officer rank in the militaries of Germany, Switzerland and Austria. Events 331 BC - Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of Gaugamela. Year 1902 ( MCMII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Hauptmann is a German word usually translated as Captain when it is used as an officer's rank in the German, Austrian and Swiss armies Events 238 - Gordian I and his son Gordian II are proclaimed Roman emperor. Year 1909 ( MCMIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Major is a Military rank the use of which varies according to country For the town in Argentina, see 28 de Noviembre. Events Year 1914 ( MCMXIV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Events 331 BC - Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of Gaugamela. Year 1920 ( MCMXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920 of the Gregorian calendar Events 1327 - Teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen Year 1923 ( MCMXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Please see " General " for other countries which use this rank General (genəˈraːl is presently the highest rank Events 996 - Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk Bishop of Freising which is the oldest known document using the name Ostarrîchi Year 1927 ( MCMXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Please see " General " for other countries which use this rank General (genəˈraːl is presently the highest rank Events 86 BC - Lucius Cornelius Sulla, at the head of a Roman Republic army enters in Athens, removing the Tyrant Year 1929 ( MCMXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 331 BC - Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of Gaugamela. Year 1932 ( MCMXXXII) was a Leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. Colonel General is a senior Military rank which is used in some of the world’s militaries Events 86 BC - Lucius Cornelius Sulla, at the head of a Roman Republic army enters in Athens, removing the Tyrant Year 1938 ( MCMXXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Field Marshal General, in German Generalfeldmarschall ( (usually translated simply as Field marshal, and sometimes written only as Feldmarschall Events 711 - Muslim forces under Tariq ibn Ziyad defeat the Visigoths led by their king Roderic. Year 1940 ( MCMXL) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. For other meanings please see Iron Cross (disambiguation The Iron Cross ( was a Military decoration of the Kingdom of Prussia The Order of the Crown (Kronenorden was Prussia 's lowest ranking order of chivalry. Class (?)
- Knight's Cross (1939)
- Oak Leaves (1944)
- Swords (1945)
- Prussian Royal House Order of Hohenzollern Knight's Cross with Swords (1917)
- Bavarian Military Merit Order 4th Class with Swords and Crown (August 9, 1915)
- Saxon Albert Order Knight 1st Class with Swords (?)
- Sudetenland Medal (1938)
- Schwarzburg Honor Cross 3rd Class (?)
- Lippe War Merit Cross (?)
- Waldeck Merit Cross (?)
- Turkish War Medal (?)
- Order of the Crown of Italy, Grand Cross (1938)
- Clasp to the Iron Cross Second (1939) and First (1939) Classes
- Cross of Honor (1934)
- Armed Forces Long Service Award with 40 year Clasp(?)
- Romanian Order of Michael the Brave 3rd (1941), 2nd (1941) and 1st (1942) Classes
- Boxer Rebellion Service Medal (1902)
- Mentioned six times in the Wehrmachtbericht
See also
References
- ^ Bungay 200, p. The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross ( German language: Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes, often simply Ritterkreuz) was a grade of the Iron Cross The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross ( German language: Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes, often simply Ritterkreuz) was a grade of the Iron Cross The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross ( German language: Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes, often simply Ritterkreuz) was a grade of the Iron Cross The House Order of Hohenzollern ( Hausorden von Hohenzollern or Hohenzollernscher Hausorden) was an order of chivalry of the House of Hohenzollern The Bavarian Military Merit Order ( Militär-Verdienstorden) was established on July 19 1866 by King Ludwig II of Bavaria. The The Sudetenland Commemorative Medal ( Die Medaille zur Erinnerung an den 1 The Order of the Crown of Italy (Ordine della Corona d'Italia was an order conferred by the Kingdom of Italy. For other meanings please see Iron Cross (disambiguation The Iron Cross ( was a Military decoration of the Kingdom of Prussia The Cross of Honour, also known as the Honour Cross or popularly the Hindenburg Cross, was a commemorative medal inaugurated on July 13, 1934 The Order of Michael the Brave (Ordinul Mihai Viteazul is Romania 's highest Military decoration, instituted by King Ferdinand I The Wehrmachtbericht was a daily report made by the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht regarding the military situation on all fronts War crimes of the Wehrmacht are those carried out by traditional German armed forces during World War II. 386
- Bungay, Stephen. The Most Dangerous Enemy: A History of the Battle of Britain. London: Aurum Press 2000. ISBN 1-85410-721-6(hardcover), ISBN 1-85410-801-8(paperback 2002).
- Blumentritt, Günther, Von Rundstedt: The Man and the Soldier, London: Odhams Press, 1952
- Liddell Hart, B. H., The German Generals Talk, New York: William and Morrow, 1948, chap. Günther Blumentritt ( February 10, 1897 &ndash October 12, 1967) was a German general during World War II Sir Basil Henry Liddell Hart ( 31 October 1895 &ndash 29 January 1970) usually known before his knighthood as 7
- Messenger, Charles, The Last Prussian: A Biography of Field Marshal Gerd von Rundstedt, 1875-1953, London: Brassey's, 1991 ISBN 0-08-036707-0
- Ziemke, Earl, "Gerd Von Rundstedt" in Hitler's Generals, ed. Correlli Barnet, New York: Grove Weidenfeld, 1989
External links
| Military offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by none |
Oberbefehlshaber West 10 October 1940 – 1 April 1941 |
Succeeded by Generalfeldmarschall Erwin von Witzleben |
| Preceded by Generalfeldmarschall Erwin von Witzleben |
Oberbefehlshaber West 15 March 1942 – 2 July 1944 |
Succeeded by Generalfeldmarschall Günther von Kluge |
| Preceded by Generalfeldmarschall Walter Model |
Oberbefehlshaber West 3 September 1944 – 11 March 1945 |
Succeeded by Generalfeldmarschall Albert Kesselring |
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