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Gerardo Huber Olivares (disappeared 29 January 1992) was a Chilean Army Colonel and agent of the DINA Chilean intelligence agency, in charge of buying weapons abroad for the Chilean Army [1] [2]. A forced disappearance occurs when an organization forces a person to vanish from Public view either by Murder or by simple Sequestration. Events 904 - Sergius III comes out of retirement to take over the papacy from the deposed Antipope Christopher. Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar) Chile, officially the Republic of Chile ( Spanish:) is a country in South America occupying a long and narrow Coastal strip wedged between the By right or might Dirección de Inteligencia Nacional ( English: National Intelligence Directorate) or DINA was the Chilean Secret police in the government

He was assassinated a short time before he was due to testify before the magistrate Hernán Correa de la Cerda in the case concerning the 1991 illegal export of weapons to Croatian paramilitaries. AssassiNation is the sixth album by Krisiun, released in 2006 on Century Media. "Testify" redirects here For other uses see Testify (disambiguation and Testimony (disambiguation. The arms industry is a global Industry and Business which Manufactures and sells Weapons and Military technology and equipment. Croatia (Hrvatska ˈxȓvatska officially the Republic of Croatia ( Republika Hrvatska) is a southern Central European country at the crossroads between The deal involved 370 tons of weapons, sold to Croatia by Chile on 7 December 1991, when the former country was under a United Nations' embargo because of the war against Serbia. The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security In international Commerce and politics, an embargo is the prohibition of commerce The Croatian War of Independence was a War in Croatia from 1991 to 1995 [3]. In January 1992, Hernán Correa de la Cerda wanted to hear Gerardo Huber in this case, but the latter may have been silenced to avoid implicating Pinochet in this new case [1][4][2] — although the latter was not anymore President, he remained at the time Commander-in-Chief of the Army. General Augusto Pinochet was indicted in 1998 by the Spanish magistrate Baltasar Garzón, arrested in London and finally released by the UK government Fifteen years of investigation have revealed that Pinochet was at the center of this illegal arms trade, receiving money through various offshore and front companies, including the Banco Coutts International in Miami [5]. An offshore company is a company which does not conduct substantial business in its country of incorporation. A front organization is any entity set up by and controlled by another organization such as intelligence agencies, Organized crime groups banned organizations religious

Contents

Life

Gerardo Huber graduated from the Military School in 1964, specialized as engineer [6]. Ten years later, after Augusto Pinochet's coup in 1973, he entered the DINA intelligence agency and was sent to Argentina to infiltrate groups supporting the Chilean MIR in its struggle against Pinochet's dictatorship [6]. The Chilean coup d'état of 1973 is a landmark in the History of Chile and the Russo-American Cold War. Dirección de Inteligencia Nacional ( English: National Intelligence Directorate) or DINA was the Chilean Secret police in the government For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics. Revolutionary Left Movement ( MIR) ( Spanish Movimiento de Izquierda Revolucionaria) is a Chilean Political party founded on October General Augusto Pinochet, one of the most controversial figures in recent Chilean history was head of the military junta that ruled Chile from When he returned to Chile, he worked with the American-born DINA agent Michael Townley in producing chemical weapons used against political dissidents [6]. For the Australian politician see Michael Townley (Australian politician. Chemical warfare involves using the toxic properties of Chemical substances to kill injure or incapacitate an enemy.

At the beginnings of the 1980s, Gerardo Huber was sent to the military chemical installation in Talagante [6]. He then became Governor of the Talagante Province from 1987 to 1989 [6]. The Province of Talagante is one of the provinces that make up the Región Metropolitana de Santiago, Chile and is located southwest of the Province of Santiago Colonel Huber was then nominated in March 1991 to the Army's Direction of Logistics where he was charged of the buying and selling of weapons abroad [6]. Logistics is the management of the flow of Goods, Information and other resources including Energy and people between the point of origin and the point According to his widow, he then met with Pinochet in May 1991 to inform him of various irregularities occurring in the Logistics service of the Army [6][2]. Augusto José Ramón Pinochet Ugarte (November Huber's widow alleges that Pinochet's reaction was to send him to a military hospital so he could see a psychiatrist [6][2]. A psychiatrist (also archaically called an alienist) is a Physician who specializes in Psychiatry and is certified in treating Mental disorders

Furthermore, Colonel Huber's goddaughter, Loreto Tapia, was married to Hernán García Pinochet, a grandson of the dictator [2].

The arms deal and Huber's death

Ives Marziale, representant of Ivi Finance & Management Incorporated, a firm directed by the German Gunter Leinthauser, arrived in Chile in October 1991, with the aim of buying second-hand weapons from the Chilean Army to sell them to the Croatian Army, which was preparing Bosnia's defense before the Serbian offensive to conquer Sarajevo [6]. The Croatian Ground Army (Hrvatska kopnena vojska commonly referred to as the Croatian Army ( Hrvatska vojska) is a branch of the Armed Forces of the Croatia had just declared independence from Yugoslavia in June 1991, but had agreed to freeze it during three months, while the UN imposed a weapons embargo. Croatia (Hrvatska ˈxȓvatska officially the Republic of Croatia ( Republika Hrvatska) is a southern Central European country at the crossroads between See also Kingdom of Yugoslavia, Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Yugoslavia ( Serbo-Croatian

On 19 November, 1991, Marziale closed the deal with the Chilean Famae (Fábricas y Maestranzas del Ejército, or Factories and Arsenals of the Army of Chile), the military firm in charge of production of weapons, for a value of more than US$ 6 million, and 370 tons of weapons (including SG-542 fire-arms, Blowpipe surface-to-air missile, Mamba anti-tank missiles, rockets, grenades, mortars, and loads of 7.62mm ammunition) [6]. The Shorts Blowpipe is a man-portable Surface-to-air missile ( MANPADS) which was in use with the British Army and Royal Marines from The Cobra was a Swiss / German Anti-tank missile designed by the Oerlikon-Contraves and Bölkow GmbH companies A mortar is a muzzle-loading Indirect fire weapon that fires shells at low velocities short ranges and high-arcing ballistic trajectories The 762x51mm NATO is a Rifle cartridge developed in the 1950s as a standard firearm cartridge among NATO countries Famae, which was headed by General Guillermo Letelier Skinner, one of General Pinochet's closest associate [2][7], was nominally independent of the army [2].

General Carlos Krumm, in charge of the Logistics of the Chilean Army, requested to Colonel Huber that he put to the disposition of General Guillermo Letelier, head of the Famae, the civil servant Ramón Pérez Orellana, who worked in the Imports-Exports service of the Logistics Section of the Chilean Army, and was an expert in border problems [6].

The illegal arms deal was revealed in December 1991, when the cargo loading the weapons, disguised as "humanitarian aid" from a Chilean Military Hospital, was discovered in Budapest [1][6]. Humanitarian aid (also called succour) is material or logistical assistance provided for humanitarian purposes typically in response to humanitarian crises Budapest ( also /ˈbʊ-/) is the capital city of Hungary. As the largest city of Hungary it serves as the country's principal Political, On 7 December, 1991, a Hungarian newspaper published the scoop, and on 2 January, 1992, Brigadier-General Guillermo Letelier, director of Famae, was forced to resign. Two days later, at the request of the Minister of Defence Patricio Rojas, the Chilean Supreme Court nominated the magistrate Hernán Correa de la Cerda as responsible for the investigations concerning the arms deal [6]. The Supreme Court of Chile is the highest Court in Chile. It also administrates the lower courts in the nation The magistrate called Gerardo Huber as witness, who declared that he had been following orders from General Krumm, in charge of the Logistics [6]. On 29 January 1992, Huber, who was taking a rest in San Alfonso, Cajón del Maipo, "disappeared. Cajón del Maipo is a Canyon located in the Andean southeastern portion of the Santiago Metropolitan Region, Chile. A forced disappearance occurs when an organization forces a person to vanish from Public view either by Murder or by simple Sequestration. " His body was found on 20 February 1992, with the skull shattered [8].

Investigations

Chilean police at first declared that Huber's death was a suicide, a thesis which was later infirmed. In 1996, the magistrate María Soledad Espina, in charge of the investigations concerning Huber's case, categorically excluded the possibility of a suicide [6]. Despite this, the case remained dormant, until the magistrate Claudio Pavez assume its direction in September 2005, and requalified it as a homicide [6]. List of countries by homicide rate Homicide ( Latin homicidium, homo human being + caedere to cut kill refers to the act of killing another He has since suspected parts of the civilian police of also having been involved in obstruction of justice [9]. Furthermore, official documents state that the money from the arms deal was funneled into Pinochet's personal bank accounts abroad [2]. Captain Araya, who had been sentenced to five years in prison for his involvement in the arms deal, became a state witness in 2005 and declared that he had acted under high orders from his military hierarchy [2]. He furthermore stated in his testimony that Pinochet "had full knowledge of this sale, since he was in close communication with the director of Famae and made available on the army's part the arms that were sold by Famae [2]. "

On 7 March, 2006, judge Claudio Pavez indicted five retired high military officers on charges of illegal association to occultate Huber's assassination [6][10][2]. Those included General Eugenio Covarrubias, head of the Dirección de Inteligencia del Ejército (DINE - DINA's successor) in 1992; General Víctor Lizárraga, then Deputy-Director of the DINE; General Carlos Krumm, then Director of Logistics; Brigadier Manuel Provis Carrasco, then head of the Batallón de Inteligencia del Ejército (BIE, military intelligence agency [9]; and Captain Julio Muñoz, a friend of Huber and former member of the BIE [6]. The investigations were officially ended in July 2007 [10].

General Carlos Krumm, in charge of Logistics, testified to the magistrate Claudio Pavez that the arms deal had been directly approved by Pinochet [1]. Following declarations from Captain Pedro Araya, Krumm confirmed the existence of a meeting which had preceded the deal. According to Araya, Richard Quass, director of Operations of the Army; General Florienco Tejos, chief of War Material; General Jaime Concha, Commandant of Military Institutions; General Guido Riquelme, Chief-Commandant of the 2nd Army Division; General Guillermo Letelier Skinner, director of Famae ; and General Carlos Krumm, director of Logistics of the Army all assisted to the meetings [1]. On the other hand, General Guillermo Letelier also appears to have been connected with Pinochet's secret bank accounts abroad [1]. General Augusto Pinochet was indicted in 1998 by the Spanish magistrate Baltasar Garzón, arrested in London and finally released by the UK government

General Víctor Lizárraga, n°2 of the DINE [1], who has also been indicted in the Huber case, testified in March 2006 that following his return from Israel, he had a private meeting with Augusto Pinochet, on 22 January 1992, a short time before Huber's assassination [9]. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. Augusto José Ramón Pinochet Ugarte (November Lizárraga had previously denied this meeting [9].

Finally, both General Lizárraga and General Covarrubias declared to the judge that Pinochet personally headed the BIE, to which the former dictator declared that he didn't remember anything [6].

According to Pavez's investigations, between his "disappearance" and the discovery of his corpse, Colonel Huber was detained in a secret military installation operated by the Chilean intelligence [2]. Pavez's has presumed that Huber had been sequestrated by BIE agents and transferred to a secret detention center of the Escuela de Inteligencia del Ejército (EIE) in Nos, which was also the location of the Laboratorio de Guerra Bacteriológica del Ejército (Bacteriological Warfare Army Laboratory), which depended in 1992 of DINE's director, General Eugenio Covarrubias [6]. Along with Manuel Provis, one of the main suspect of the Huber assassination, Covarrubias also held the DINA biochemist Eugenio Berríos in September 1991, before sending him to Argentina and then Uruguay [6]. Eugenio Berríos Sagredo (died in April 1995 was a Chilean Biochemist who worked for the DINA intelligence agency He was indicted for secuestration and homicide of Berríos. [11]

Berríos and Les Assassins

Apart of the arms deal, the Berríos case, concerning the DINA biochemist found dead in Uruguay in 1995, has been related by the magistrates to the Huber case [1]. Eugenio Berríos Sagredo (died in April 1995 was a Chilean Biochemist who worked for the DINA intelligence agency In both case, which took place in the same period, the DINE was involved in the affairs [1]. As Huber, Berrios knew too much, as he had been implicated both in the Letelier case and in production of black cocaine and sarin gas for Pinochet [1]. The Letelier case ( September 21, 1976) refers to the murder of Orlando Letelier, a Chilean Political figure and later United Black cocaine, also known as Coca Negra, is a combination of regular Cocaine Hydrochloride and various chemicals such as Potassium thiocyanate Sarin, also known by its NATO designation of GB, is an extremely toxic substance whose sole application is as a Nerve agent. Berríos escaped from Chile in 1992, assisted by the Special Unity of the DINE in what has been known under the name of Operación Silencio (Operation Silence) [1][2].

Furthermore, Main Cargo, the firm which worked with Famae to export the weapons, was owned by Marianne Cheyre Stevenson, who is the sister of Juan Carlos Cheyre, but also owner of the restaurant Les Assassins, where Berríos used to meet, at the beginning of the 1990s, with drug-dealers and former DINA agents [1]. The illegal drug trade or drug trafficking is a global Black market consisting of the cultivation manufacture distribution and sale of illegal Drugs The Cheyre have a distant family relationship with Juan Emilio Cheyre, Commander-in-Chief of the Chilean Army from 2002 to 2006 [1]. Juan Emilio Cheyre Espinoza (born October 10 1947) is a retired Chilean Army General

According to the ex-military officer Rodrigo Peña González, Colonel Huber allegedly handed him documents concerning arms deal and lethal drugs created by Eugenio Berríos [6]. According to Peña, Huber wanted to transmit these documents to the British defence journalist Jonathan Moyle, who was found hanged in his Santiago hotel room on April 1, 1990 [6]. Peña, who requested political asylum to Netherlands in 2001, also alleged that Huber had handed him other documents concerning buying of weapons to Israel and sales to Arab states [6]. Right of asylum (or political asylum) is an ancient Judicial notion under which a person persecuted for political opinions or religious beliefs in his The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Jorge Molina Sanhueza, Gerardo Huber sabía demasiado, pero no alcanzó a contarlo. El coronel que le pena al ejército, La Nación, 25 September 2005 (Spanish)
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Larry Rohter, Colonel's Death Gives Clues to Pinochet Arms Deals, The New York Times, 19 June 2006 (English)
  3. ^ Biographical notice on Memoria viva NGO website (Spanish)
  4. ^ Andrea Chaparro, CDE insiste en unir caso Huber con tráfico de armas a Croacia, La Nación, 15 August 2005 (Spanish)
  5. ^ Andrea Chaparro Solís, Generales (R) y civiles de Famae procesados en caso armas a Croacia, La Nación, 13 June 2006 (Spanish)
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x Manuel Salazar Salvo, Roto el pacto de silencio en la inteligencia militar, Punto Final, n°611, 24 March - 6 April, 2006 (Spanish)
  7. ^ El verdadero objetivo del "boinazo" de Pinochet, Diario Siete, 25 September 2005 (Spanish)
  8. ^ Caso Huber: Suprema rechazó recurso en favor de general (r) Provis, Radio Cooperativa, 28 March 2006 (Spanish)
  9. ^ a b c d News cables, Caso Huber: investigan presunta falsificación de parte policial, La Nación, 13 March 2006 (Spanish)
  10. ^ a b Justicia cerró la investigación por el homicidio del coronel Gerardo Huber, Radio Cooperativa, 31 July 2007 (Spanish)
  11. ^ Caso Berríos - La guerra secreta entre un espía y un abogado, El Periodista, N°59, 8 April, 2004 (Spanish)

See also

External links

La Nación is a Chilean Newspaper created in 1917 by Eliodoro Yáñez and presided until 1927 by Carlos Dávila. La Nación is a Chilean Newspaper created in 1917 by Eliodoro Yáñez and presided until 1927 by Carlos Dávila. La Nación is a Chilean Newspaper created in 1917 by Eliodoro Yáñez and presided until 1927 by Carlos Dávila. Radio Cooperativa is a radio station in Chile. It is operated by Compañía Chilena de Comunicaciones S La Nación is a Chilean Newspaper created in 1917 by Eliodoro Yáñez and presided until 1927 by Carlos Dávila. Radio Cooperativa is a radio station in Chile. It is operated by Compañía Chilena de Comunicaciones S General Augusto Pinochet was indicted in 1998 by the Spanish magistrate Baltasar Garzón, arrested in London and finally released by the UK government The Chilean transition to democracy (colloquially known in Chile as the Transición) began on September 11, 1980, when a Constitution establishing The Santiago Times is an English-language Newspaper published in Santiago Chile that reports news in Chile and the other parts of
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