Gerald Ford - Citizendia

For other persons named Gerald Ford, see Gerald Ford (disambiguation). Gerald Ford may refer to Gerald R Ford (1913&ndash2006 38th President of the United States Gerald Rudolff Ford, namesake father of the

"GRF" redirects here. For other uses, see GRF (disambiguation).

38^th President of the United States
Gerald Rudolph Ford, Jr.

In office August 9, 1974 – January 20, 1977
Vice President	none (August–December 1974) Nelson Rockefeller (1974–1977)
Preceded by	Richard Nixon
Succeeded by	Jimmy Carter
40^th Vice President of the United States
In office December 6, 1973 – August 9, 1974
President	Richard Nixon
Preceded by	Spiro Agnew
Succeeded by	Nelson Rockefeller
15^th United States House of Representatives Minority Leader
In office January 3, 1965 – December 6, 1973
Preceded by	Charles A. Halleck
Succeeded by	John Jacob Rhodes
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Michigan's 5th District
In office January 3, 1949 – December 6, 1973
Preceded by	Bartel J. Jonkman
Succeeded by	Richard F. Vander Veen

Born	July 14, 1913(1913-07-14) Omaha, Nebraska
Died	December 26, 2006 (aged 93) Rancho Mirage, California
Nationality	American
Political party	Republican
Spouse	Elizabeth Bloomer Warren
Alma mater	University of Michigan
Occupation	Lawyer
Religion	Episcopalian
Signature

Gerald Rudolph Ford, Jr. The President of the United States is the Head of state and Head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in United States by Events 48 BC - Caesar's civil war: Battle of Pharsalus - Julius Caesar decisively defeats Pompey at Pharsalus Year 1974 ( MCMLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. Events 250 - Emperor Decius begins a widespread persecution of Christians in Rome. Also 1977 (album by Ash. Year 1977 ( MCMLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller ( July 8, 1908 January 26, 1979) was the forty-first Vice President of the United States, the forty-ninth James Earl "Jimmy" Carter Jr (born October 1 1924 was the thirty-ninth President of the United States, serving from 1977 to 1981 and the recipient of the 2002 The Vice President of the United States is the first person in the presidential line of succession, becoming the new President of the United States upon the death Events 1060 - Béla I of Hungary is crowned king of Hungary 1240 - Mongol invasion of Rus: Kiev Year 1973 ( MCMLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the 1973 Gregorian calendar. Events 48 BC - Caesar's civil war: Battle of Pharsalus - Julius Caesar decisively defeats Pompey at Pharsalus Year 1974 ( MCMLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. Spiro Theodore Agnew ( November 9, 1918 September 17, 1996) was the thirty-ninth Vice President of the United States (and the first Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller ( July 8, 1908 January 26, 1979) was the forty-first Vice President of the United States, the forty-ninth Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives are elected by their respective parties in a closed-door (private Caucus. Events 1431 - Joan of Arc is handed over to the Bishop Pierre Cauchon. Year 1965 ( MCMLXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. Events 1060 - Béla I of Hungary is crowned king of Hungary 1240 - Mongol invasion of Rus: Kiev Year 1973 ( MCMLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the 1973 Gregorian calendar. Charles Abraham Halleck ( August 22, 1900 &ndash March 3, 1986) was a Republican leader of the United States House of Representatives John Jacob Rhodes Jr ( September 18, 1916 &ndash August 24, 2003) was an American Lawyer and Politician, who The United States House of Representatives is one of the two chambers of the United States Congress; the other is the Senate. Michigan ( is a Midwestern state of the United States of America. Events 1431 - Joan of Arc is handed over to the Bishop Pierre Cauchon. Year 1949 ( MCMXLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1060 - Béla I of Hungary is crowned king of Hungary 1240 - Mongol invasion of Rus: Kiev Year 1973 ( MCMLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the 1973 Gregorian calendar. Bartel John Jonkman ( April 28, 1884 – June 13, 1955) was a politician from the U Richard Franklin VanderVeen ( November 26, 1922 – March 2, 2006) was a politician from the U Events 1223 - Louis VIII becomes King of France upon the death of his father Philip II of France. Year 1913 ( MCMXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 1481 - Battle of Westbrook - Holland defeats troops of Utrecht. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Rancho Mirage is a city in Riverside County, California, United States. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Elizabeth Anne Bloomer Warren Ford (born April 8 1918 is the widow of former United States Alma mater is Latin for "nourishing mother" It was used in Ancient Rome as a title for the mother Goddess, and in Medieval The University of Michigan Ann Arbor ( U of M, U-M, UM or simply Michigan) is a top-ranked Coeducational public research A lawyer, according to Black's Law Dictionary, is "a person learned in the law as an attorney, Counsel or Solicitor; a person The Episcopal Church is the official name of the Province of the Anglican Communion in the United States. (July 14, 1913 – December 26, 2006) was the thirty-eighth President of the United States, serving from 1974 to 1977, and the fortieth Vice President of the United States serving from 1973 to 1974. Events 1223 - Louis VIII becomes King of France upon the death of his father Philip II of France. Year 1913 ( MCMXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 1481 - Battle of Westbrook - Holland defeats troops of Utrecht. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The President of the United States is the Head of state and Head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in United States by The Vice President of the United States is the first person in the presidential line of succession, becoming the new President of the United States upon the death He was the first person appointed to the vice presidency under the terms of the 25th Amendment, and became President upon Richard Nixon's resignation on August 9, 1974. The Twenty-fifth Amendment ( Amendment XXV) to the United States Constitution partially replaced the ambiguous wording of Article II Section 1 Clause Events 48 BC - Caesar's civil war: Battle of Pharsalus - Julius Caesar decisively defeats Pompey at Pharsalus Year 1974 ( MCMLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. Ford was the fifth U. S. President never to have been elected to that position, and the only one never to have won a national election at all. He was the longest lived president in U. S. History.

Before ascending to the vice-presidency, Ford served nearly 25 years as Representative from Michigan's 5th congressional district, eight of them as the Republican Minority Leader. The United States House of Representatives is one of the two chambers of the United States Congress; the other is the Senate. Michigan's 5th congressional district is a United States Congressional district in the Lower Peninsula of Michigan. Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives are elected by their respective parties in a closed-door (private Caucus.

As president, Ford signed the Helsinki Accords, marking a move toward détente in the Cold War, even as South Vietnam, a former ally, was invaded and conquered by North Vietnam. The Final Act of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe, known as the Helsinki Final Act, Helsinki Accords or Helsinki Declaration, was Détente is a French term meaning a relaxing or easing the term has been used in international politics since the early 1970s Cold War is the state of conflict tension and competition that existed between the United States and the Soviet Union (USSR and their respective allies from the "RVN" redirects here RVN is also the former callsign of a TV station in Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia The Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRVN or less commonly Vietnamese Democratic Republic (Việt Nam Dân Chủ Cộng Hòa was a Country on the northern half of Vietnam Ford did not intervene in Vietnamese affairs, but did help extract friends of the U. S. Domestically, the economy suffered from inflation and a recession under President Ford. In economics inflation or price inflation is a rise in the general level of prices of goods and services over a period of time A recession is a contraction phase of the Business cycle. The U One of his more controversial decisions was granting a presidential pardon to President Richard Nixon for his role in the Watergate scandal. A pardon is the forgiveness of a crime and the penalty associated with it The Watergate scandals were a series of Political scandals during the presidency of Richard Nixon that resulted in the Indictment of several of Nixon's In 1976, Ford narrowly defeated Ronald Reagan for the Republican nomination, but ultimately lost the presidential election to Democrat Jimmy Carter by a small margin. The United States presidential election of 1976 followed the resignation of President Richard M The Democratic Party is one of two major Political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. James Earl "Jimmy" Carter Jr (born October 1 1924 was the thirty-ninth President of the United States, serving from 1977 to 1981 and the recipient of the 2002

Following his years as president, Ford remained active in the Republican party. After experiencing health problems and being admitted to the hospital four times in 2006, Ford died at his home, aged 93, on December 26, 2006. Gerald Ford died on December 26, 2006 at his home in Rancho Mirage, California, at 645 p Events 1481 - Battle of Westbrook - Holland defeats troops of Utrecht. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.

Early life

Childhood

Gerald R. Ford was born Leslie Lynch King, Jr. on July 14, 1913, at 12:43 a. Events 1223 - Louis VIII becomes King of France upon the death of his father Philip II of France. Year 1913 ( MCMXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common m. CST, at 3202 Woolworth Avenue in Omaha, Nebraska. The Central Time Zone observes Standard time by subtracting six hours from UTC during standard time ( UTC−6) and five hours during Daylight saving The Gerald R Ford Birthsite and Gardens in Omaha Nebraska marks the location of the house at 3202 Woolworth Avenue where U Nebraska ( is a state located on the Great Plains of the Midwestern United States and His father, Leslie Lynch King, Sr., a wool trader who was the son of a prominent banker, and his mother, the former Dorothy Ayer Gardner, separated just sixteen days after his birth. Leslie Lynch King Sr ( July 25 1886 &ndash February 18 1941) was the Biological father of U Dorothy Ayer Gardner King Ford ( February 27 1892 - September 17 1967) was the mother of U His mother took him to the Oak Park, Illinois home of her sister Tannisse and her husband, Clarence Haskins James. Oak Park Illinois is a suburb bordering the west side of the City of Chicago in Cook County, Illinois, United States. The State of Illinois ( roughly ill-i-NOY is a state of the United States of America, the 21st to be admitted to the Union. From there she moved to the home of her parents, Levi Addison Gardner and his wife, the former Adele Augusta Ayer, in Grand Rapids, Michigan. Michigan ( is a Midwestern state of the United States of America. Ford's parents divorced the following December with his mother gaining full custody.

Leslie Lynch King, Jr. (later known as Gerald R. Ford) at one year of age in 1914

Gerald Ford later said his biological father had a history of hitting his mother. ^[1] James M. Cannon, who was the executive director of the domestic council during the Ford administration, wrote in a Ford biography the Kings' separation and divorce were sparked when, a few days after Ford's birth, Leslie King, Sr. threatened Dorothy with a butcher knife and threatened to kill her, the baby, and the baby's nursemaid. His first abusive action, according to Ford, occurred on the couple's honeymoon, when King hit his wife for smiling at another man. ^[2]

On February 1, 1916, now settled in Grand Rapids, Dorothy King married Gerald Rudolff Ford, a salesman in a family-owned paint and varnish company, who later became president of the firm. Events 1327 - Teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen Year 1916 ( MCMXVI) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Gerald Rudolff Ford ( December 9 1890 - January 26 1962) was a Businessman and Republican politician who was the stepfather ^[3] She began calling her son Gerald Rudolff Ford, Jr. The future president was never formally adopted, however, and he did not legally change his name until December 3, 1935; he also used a more conventional spelling of his middle name. Adoption is the act of legally placing a child with a Parent or parents other than those to whom they were born Events 1800 - War of the Second Coalition: Battle of Hohenlinden, French Year 1935 ( MCMXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. ^[4] He was raised in Grand Rapids with his three half-brothers by his mother's second marriage: Thomas Gardner Ford (1918–1995), Richard Addison Ford (born 1924), and James Francis Ford (1927–2001). East Grand Rapids is a city in Kent County in the US state of Michigan. He also had three half-siblings by his father's second marriage: Marjorie King (1921–1993), Leslie Henry King, Sr. (1923–1976), and Patricia Jane King (born 1925).

Ford was not aware of his biological parentage until he was 17, when his parents told him about the circumstances of his birth. That same year his biological father, whom he described as a "carefree, well-to-do man", approached Ford while he was waiting tables in a Grand Rapids restaurant. The two "maintained a sporadic contact" until Leslie King, Sr. 's death,^[1]^[5] but Ford maintained his distance emotionally, saying, "My stepfather was a magnificent person and my mother equally wonderful. So I couldn't have written a better prescription for a superb family upbringing. "^[6]

Scouting and athletics

Eagle Scout Gerald Ford (circled in red) in 1929. Michigan Governor Fred Green at far left, holding hat. The Governor of Michigan is the chief executive of the US state of Michigan. Fred Warren Green ( October 19 1871 November 30 1936) was Mayor of Ionia Michigan before he served as a Republican

Ford joined the Boy Scouts of America, and attained that program's highest rank, Eagle Scout. The Boy Scouts of America ( BSA) is the largest youth organization in the United States with over five million Eagle Scout is the highest rank attainable in the Boy Scouting program of the Boy Scouts of America (BSA ^[7] He always regarded this as one of his proudest accomplishments, even after attaining the White House. See also Executive Office of the President of the United States The White House, formerly known as the Executive Mansion, is the Official residence ^[8] In subsequent years, Ford received the Distinguished Eagle Scout Award in May 1970 and Silver Buffalo Award from the Boy Scouts of America. The Distinguished Eagle Scout Award (DESA is a distinguished service award of the Boy Scouts of America. The Silver Buffalo Award is the national-level distinguished service award of the Boy Scouts of America. He is the only US president who was an Eagle Scout. ^[9] Scouting was so important to Ford that his family asked that Scouts participate in his funeral. Scouting, also known as the Scout Movement, is a worldwide Youth movement with the stated aim of supporting young people in their physical mental and spiritual About 400 Eagle Scouts were part of the funeral procession, where they formed an honor guard as the casket went by in front of the museum, and served as ushers. ^[10]^[11]

Ford attended Grand Rapids South High School and was a star athlete and captain of his football team. In team sports a captain is a title given to the member of the team American football, known in the United States and Canada simply as football, is a competitive Team sport known for mixing strategy with In 1930, he was selected to the All-City team of the Grand Rapids City League. The Grand Rapids City League (GRCL was a high school athletic league in Grand Rapids Michigan. He also attracted the attention of college recruiters. ^[12]

Attending the University of Michigan as an undergraduate, Ford played center and linebacker for the school’s football team and helped the Wolverines to undefeated seasons and national titles in 1932 and 1933. The University of Michigan Ann Arbor ( U of M, U-M, UM or simply Michigan) is a top-ranked Coeducational public research Center ( C) is a position in American football and Canadian football ( spelled centre in Canadian English) This article relates to Sports. For the Vietnam War bombing raids see Operation Linebacker and Operation Linebacker II. The Michigan Wolverines football program represents the University of Michigan. The team suffered a steep decline in his 1934 senior year, however, winning only one game. Ford was the team’s star nonetheless, and after a game during which Michigan held heavily favored Minnesota (the eventual national champion) to a scoreless tie in the first half, assistant coach Bennie Oosterbaan later said, “When I walked into the dressing room at half time, I had tears in my eyes I was so proud of them. The University of Minnesota Golden Gophers are one of the oldest and most storied programs in College football history Benjamin Gaylord "Bennie" Oosterbaan ( February 4, 1906 in Muskegon Michigan – October 25, 1990 in Ann Arbor Michigan Ford and [Cedric] Sweet played their hearts out. They were everywhere on defense. ” Ford himself later recalled, “During 25 years in the rough-and-tumble world of politics, I often thought of the experiences before, during, and after that game in 1934. Remembering them has helped me many times to face a tough situation, take action, and make every effort possible despite adverse odds. ” His teammates later voted Ford their most valuable player, with one assistant coach noting, “They felt Jerry was one guy who would stay and fight in a losing cause. ”^[13]

Ford as a University of Michigan football player, 1933

During the same season, in a game against the University of Chicago, Ford “became the only future U. American football, known in the United States and Canada simply as football, is a competitive Team sport known for mixing strategy with The University of Chicago is a Private university located principally in the Hyde Park neighborhood of Chicago. S. president to tackle a future Heisman Trophy winner when he brought down running back Jay Berwanger, who would win the first Heisman the following year. John Jacob "Jay" Berwanger ( March 19, 1914 - June 26, 2002) was an American football Running back born in ”^[14] In 1934 Gerald Ford was selected for the Eastern Team on the Shriner’s East West Crippled Children game at San Francisco (a benefit for crippled children), played on January 1, 1935. New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Year 1935 ( MCMXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. As part of the 1935 Collegiate All-Star football team, Ford played against the Chicago Bears in an exhibition game at Soldier Field. The Chicago Bears are a professional American football team based in Chicago, Illinois. Soldier Field (formerly Municipal Grant Park Stadium) is located on Lake Shore Drive in Chicago Illinois, and is currently home to the NFL ^[15]

Ford retained his interest in football and his alma mater throughout life, occasionally attending games and on one occasion asking to be awakened to find out the score of an Ohio State-Michigan football game, while attending a summit in the Soviet Union as President. ^[16] The University of Michigan retired Ford's #48 jersey in 1994. A jersey is an item of Knitted Clothing, traditionally in Wool or Cotton, with Sleeves worn as a Pullover; this is

Ford was also an avid golfer. In 1977, he shot a hole in one during a Pro-am held in conjunction with the Danny Thomas Memphis Classic at Colonial Country Club in Cordova, Tennessee. In Golf, a hole in one or hole-in-one (also known as an ace, mostly in American English) is when a player hits the ball directly from the The Stanford St Jude Championship is a regular Golf tournament on the PGA Tour. For the club in Texas see Colonial Country Club (Fort Worth Colonial Country Club is a private golf club in Cordova, Tennessee ( USA Cordova is a community in Shelby County, Tennessee, United States. He received the 1985 Old Tom Morris Award from the Golf Course Superintendents Association of America, GCSAA's highest honor. The Old Tom Morris Award is the Golf Course Superintendents Association of America 's most prestigous honor Golf Course Superintendents Association of America (GCSAA was originally founded in 1926 when 60 superintendents met at the Sylvania Country Club in Toledo Ohio to form the

Education

At Michigan, Ford became a member of the Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity and washed dishes at his fraternity house to earn money for college expenses. Delta Kappa Epsilon ( ΔΚΕ; also pronounced D-K-E or "Deke" is a Fraternity founded at Yale College in 1844 by 15 men of the sophomore Following his graduation in 1935 with a degree in political science he turned down contract offers from the Detroit Lions and Green Bay Packers of the National Football League in order to take a coaching position at Yale and apply to its law school. Political science is a branch of Social sciences that deals with the theory and practice of Politics and the description and analysis of Political systems The Detroit Lions are an American football team based in Detroit Michigan. The Green Bay Packers are a professional American football team based in Green Bay Wisconsin. The National Football League ( NFL) is the largest professional American football league. Each team was offering him a contract of $200 a game, but he wanted a legal education. ^[17] Ford continued to contribute to football and boxing, accepting an assistant coaching job for both at Yale in September 1935. ^[18]

Ford hoped to attend Yale's law school beginning in 1935 while serving as boxing coach and assistant varsity football coach, but Yale officials initially denied his admission to the law school, because of his full-time coaching responsibilities. He spent the summer of 1937 as a student at the University of Michigan Law School^[19] and was eventually admitted in the spring of 1938 to Yale Law School. The University of Michigan Law School ( Michigan Law) is the Law school of the University of Michigan, in Ann Arbor. ^[20] Ford earned his LL. B. degree in 1941 (later amended to Juris Doctor), graduating in the top 25 percent of his class. Juris Doctor (abbreviated JD or JD, from the Latin, Teacher of Law) is a first professional graduate degree and Professional His introduction to politics came in the summer of 1940 when he worked in Wendell Willkie's presidential campaign. Wendell Lewis Willkie ( February 18 1892 &ndash October 8 1944) was a corporate lawyer in the United States and the Republican While attending Yale Law School, he joined a group of students led by R. Yale Law School, or YLS, is the Law school of Yale University in New Haven Connecticut. Douglas Stuart, Jr. , and signed a petition to enforce the 1939 Neutrality Act. The Neutrality Acts were a series of laws that were passed by the United States Congress in the 1930s in response to the growing turmoil in Europe and Asia The petition was circulated nationally and was the inspiration for the America First Committee, a group determined to keep the U. The America First Committee was the foremost non-interventionist Pressure group against the American entry into the Second World War. S. out of World War II. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including ^[21]

Ford graduated from law school in 1941, and was admitted to the Michigan bar shortly thereafter. A bar association is a Professional body of Lawyers Some bar associations are responsible for the regulation of the legal profession in their Jurisdiction In May 1941, he opened a Grand Rapids law practice with a friend, Philip Buchen,^[18] who would later serve as Ford's White House counsel. But overseas developments caused a change in plans, and Ford responded to the attack on Pearl Harbor by enlisting in the Navy. The attack on Pearl Harbor (or Hawaii Operation, as it was called by the Imperial General Headquarters) was a surprise Military strike conducted by ^[22]

Naval service in World War II

Ford received a commission as ensign in the U.S. Naval Reserve on April 13, 1942. Ensign (ˈɛnsən is a junior rank of commissioned officer in the militaries of some countries normally in the infantry or navy The United States Navy Reserve, until 2005 known as the United States Naval Reserve, is the reserve component of the United States Navy. Events 1111 - Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor. 1204 - The Fourth Crusade sacks Constantinople Year 1942 ( MCMXLII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. On April 20, he reported for active duty to the V-5 instructor school at Annapolis, Maryland. Events 1303 - The University of Rome La Sapienza is instituted by Pope Boniface VIII. Annapolis is the capital of the US state of Maryland, as well as the County seat of Anne Arundel County. After one month of training, he went to Navy Preflight School in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, where he was one of 83 instructors and taught elementary seamanship, ordnance, gunnery, first aid and military drill. Chapel Hill is a town in Durham and Orange counties in North Carolina and the home of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC North Carolina ( is a state located on the Atlantic Seaboard in the southeastern United States In addition, he coached in all nine sports that were offered, but mostly in swimming, boxing and football. During the one year he was at the Preflight School, he was promoted to Lieutenant Junior Grade on June 2, 1942, and to Lieutenant in March 1943. In the United States Navy, the United States Coast Guard, the United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Events 455 - The Vandals enter Rome, and plunder the city for two weeks Year 1942 ( MCMXLII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Lieutenant (abbreviated Lt or Lieut) is a Military, Naval, Paramilitary, Fire service, Emergency medical services

Ford in Navy uniform, 1945

Applying for sea duty, Ford was sent in May 1943 to the pre-commissioning detachment for the new aircraft carrier USS Monterey, at New York Shipbuilding Corporation, Camden, New Jersey. The City of Camden is the County seat of Camden County, New Jersey, in the United States. New Jersey ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States. From the ship's commissioning on June 17, 1943 until the end of December 1944, Ford served as the assistant navigator, Athletic Officer, and antiaircraft battery officer on board the Monterey. Events 1462 - Vlad III the Impaler attempts to assassinate Mehmed II ( The Night Attack) forcing him to retreat Year 1943 ( MCMXLIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. While he was on board, the carrier participated in many actions in the Pacific Theater with the Third and Fifth Fleets during the fall of 1943 and in 1944. The Pacific Theater of Operations (PTO was the World War II military activity in the Pacific Ocean and the countries bordering it a geographic scope The Third Fleet is one of six numbered fleets in the United States Navy. The Fifth Fleet of the United States Navy is responsible for naval forces in the Persian Gulf, Red Sea, Arabian Sea and coast off East In 1943, the carrier helped secure Makin Island in the Gilberts, and participated in carrier strikes against Kavieng, New Ireland in 1943. For the village see Butaritari (village Butaritari (previously known as Makin Pitt Island Taritari Island or Touching Island is an Kavieng is the capital of the Papua New Guinean province of New Ireland and the largest town on the island of the same name During the spring of 1944, the Monterey supported landings at Kwajalein and Eniwetok and participated in carrier strikes in the Marianas, Western Carolines, and northern New Guinea, as well as in the Battle of the Philippine Sea. Kwajalein Atoll ( Marshallese: Kuwajleen; kʷuwːɔ͡ɛt̪ʲl̪ʲɪn̪ʲ common English pronunciation ˈkwɑːʤəlɨ̞n often nicknamed Kwaj Enewetak (or Eniwetok) is an Atoll in the Marshall Islands of the central Pacific Ocean. The Mariana Islands (also the Marianas; up to the early 20th century sometimes called Ladrones Islands, from Spanish Islas de los Ladrones meaning The Caroline Islands form a large Archipelago of widely scattered islands in the western Pacific Ocean, northeast of New Guinea. New Guinea, located just north of Australia, is the world's second largest island, having become separated from the Australian mainland when the area now known The Battle of the Philippine Sea (aka "The Marianas Turkey Shoot" was a decisive naval battle of World War II, and the largest aircraft carrier battle in history ^[23]^[24] After overhaul, from September to November 1944, aircraft from the Monterey launched strikes against Wake Island, participated in strikes in the Philippines and Ryukyus, and supported the landings at Leyte and Mindoro. Wake Island (also known as Wake Atoll) is a Coral atoll having a Coastline of 12 miles (19 kilometers in the North Pacific Ocean The Ryukyu Islands, in Japanese called the (literally Southwest Islands are a chain of Japanese islands in the western Pacific Ocean at the eastern limit Leyte (ˈleɪti in English is an Island in the Visayas group of the Philippines. For the unincorporated community of Mindoro Wisconsin in the United States of America see Mindoro Wisconsin.

Although the ship was not damaged by Japanese forces, the Monterey was one of several ships damaged by the typhoon that hit Admiral William Halsey's Third Fleet on December 18–19, 1944. The Empire of Japan ( {{unicode|Kyūjitai}}: ja 大日本帝國 Shinjitai: ja 大日本帝国 pronounced Dai Nippon Teikoku Admiral is the rank, or part of the name of the ranks of the highest Naval officers Fleet Admiral William Frederick Halsey Jr, GBE, USN, ( October 30, 1882 &ndash August 16, 1959) (called "Bill The Third Fleet lost three destroyers and over 800 men during the typhoon. In naval terminology a destroyer is a fast and maneuverable yet long-endurance Warship intended to escort larger vessels in a fleet, Convoy The Monterey was damaged by a fire, which was started by several of the ship's aircraft tearing loose from their cables and colliding on the hanger deck. During the storm, Ford narrowly avoided becoming a casualty himself. As he was going to his battle station on the bridge of the ship in the early morning of December 18, the ship rolled twenty-five degrees, which caused Ford to lose his footing and slide toward the edge of the deck. Events 218 BC - Second Punic War: Battle of the Trebia - Hannibal 's Carthaginian forces defeat those of the The two-inch steel ridge around the edge of the carrier slowed him enough so he could roll, and he twisted into the catwalk below the deck. As he later stated, "I was lucky; I could have easily gone overboard. "

Because of the extent of the fires, Admiral Halsey ordered Captain Ingersoll to abandon ship. Lieutenant (j. g. ) Ford stood near the helm, awaiting his orders. "We can fix this" Captain Ingersoll said, and with a nod from his skipper, Lieutenant Ford donned a gas mask and led a fire brigade below.

Aircraft-gas tanks exploded as hose handlers slid across the burning decks. Into this furnace, Lieutenant Ford led his men, his first order of business to carry out the dead and injured. Five hours later he and his team emerged burned and exhausted, but they had put out the fire.

Men aboard the USS Monterey (CVL-26) playing basketball in the forward elevator well June, 1944; the jumper on the left is Ford^[25]^[26]

After the fire the Monterey was declared unfit for service, and the crippled carrier reached Ulithi on December 21 before proceeding across the Pacific to Bremerton, Washington where it underwent repairs. Ulithi is an Atoll in the Caroline Islands of the western Pacific Ocean, about 191 km (103 nautical mi east of Yap. Events 69 - The end of the Year of the four emperors: Following Galba, Otho and Vitellius, Vespasian Bremerton is a city in Kitsap County, Washington, United States. Washington ( is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. On December 24, 1944 at Ulithi, Ford was detached from the ship and sent to the Athletic Department of the Navy Pre-Flight School at Saint Mary's College of California, where he was assigned to the Athletic Department until April 1945. Events 563 - The Byzantine church Hagia Sophia in Constantinople is dedicated for the second time after being destroyed by Earthquakes Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Saint Mary's College of California is a private Coeducational College located in Moraga California, United States. One of his duties was to coach football. From the end of April 1945 to January 1946, he was on the staff of the Naval Reserve Training Command, Naval Air Station, Glenview, Illinois as the Staff Physical and Military Training Officer. Naval Air Station Glenview or NAS Glenview was an operational U On October 3, 1945 he was promoted to Lieutenant Commander. Events 42 BC - First Battle of Philippi: Triumvirs Mark Antony and Octavian fight an indecisive battle with Caesar's Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar In January 1946, he was sent to the Separation Center, Great Lakes to be processed out. Naval Station Great Lakes is the United States Navy 's Headquarters Command for training located in North Chicago Illinois. He was released from active duty under honorable conditions on February 23, 1946. Events 1455 - Traditional date for the publication of the Gutenberg Bible, the first Western Book printed from Movable Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. On June 28, 1946, the Secretary of the Navy accepted Ford's resignation from the Naval Reserve. Events 1098 - Fighters of the First Crusade defeat Kerbogha of Mosul. Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The United States Secretary of the Navy ( SECNAV) is the Civilian head of the Department of the Navy.

For his naval service, Gerald Ford earned the Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal with nine engagement stars for operations in the Gilbert Islands, Bismarck Archipelago, Marshall Islands, Asiatic and Pacific carrier raids, Hollandia, Marianas, Western Carolines, Western New Guinea, and the Leyte Operation. The Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal is a service decoration of the Second World War which was awarded to any member of the United States military who The Bismarck Archipelago is a group of islands off the northeastern coast of New Guinea in the western Pacific Ocean and part of Papua New Guinea. The Marshall Islands, officially the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI is a Micronesian nation of islands in the middle of the Pacific Ocean Operation Reckless and Operation Persecution, April 21 - April 27, 1944 also known as the invasion of Hollandia, the Hollandia He also received the Philippine Liberation Medal with two bronze stars for Leyte and Mindoro, as well as the American Campaign and World War II Victory medals. The Philippine Liberation Medal is a military award of the Republic of the Philippines which was created by an order of Commonwealth of the Philippines Army Headquarters on The American Campaign Medal was a military decoration of the United States armed forces which was first created on November 6, 1942 by The World War II Victory Medal is a decoration of the United States military which was created by an act of Congress in July 1945. ^[22]

Ford was a member of several civic organizations, including the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, American Legion, Veterans of Foreign Wars, and AMVETS. The Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks ( BPOE; also often known as the Elks Lodge or simply The Elks) is an American Fraternal order and For other uses of American Legion see American Legion (disambiguation The American Legion was chartered by the U AMVETS or American Veterans is a volunteer-led organization formed by World War II Veterans which accepts honorably discharged veterans as members Gerald R. Ford was initiated into Freemasonry on September 30, 1949. Events 1399 - Henry IV is proclaimed King of England. 1744 - France and Spain defeat the Year 1949 ( MCMXLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. ^[27] He later said in 1975, "When I took my obligation as a master mason — incidentally, with my three younger brothers — I recalled the value my own father attached to that order. But I had no idea that I would ever be added to the company of the Father of our Country and 12 other members of the order who also served as Presidents of the United States. "^[28]

Marriage and children

The Fords on their wedding day, October 15, 1948

On October 15, 1948, at Grace Episcopal Church in Grand Rapids, Ford married Elizabeth Bloomer Warren, a department store fashion consultant. Events 533 - Byzantine General Belisarius makes his formal entry into Carthage, having conquered it from the Year 1948 ( MCMXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 533 - Byzantine General Belisarius makes his formal entry into Carthage, having conquered it from the Year 1948 ( MCMXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Episcopal Church is the official name of the Province of the Anglican Communion in the United States. Elizabeth Anne Bloomer Warren Ford (born April 8 1918 is the widow of former United States Warren had been a John Robert Powers fashion model and a dancer in the auxiliary troupe of the Martha Graham Dance Company. John Robert Powers ( April 16, 1892 - November 1977 was an American Actor and founder of a prominent New York City Modeling See also Martha Graham ( May 11, 1894 &ndash April 1, 1991) was an American Dancer and Choreographer She had previously been married to and divorced from William G. Warren.

At the time of his engagement, Ford was campaigning for what would be his first of thirteen terms as a member of the United States House of Representatives. The United States House of Representatives is one of the two chambers of the United States Congress; the other is the Senate. The wedding was delayed until shortly before the elections because, as The New York Times reported in a 1974 profile of Betty Ford, "Jerry was running for Congress and wasn't sure how voters might feel about his marrying a divorced ex-dancer. "^[29]

The Fords had four children:

Michael Gerald, born in 1950
John Gardner, known as Jack, born in 1952
Steven Meigs, born in 1956
Susan Elizabeth, born in 1957

House of Representatives

Ford meets with President Richard Nixon as House Minority Leader

After returning to Grand Rapids, Ford became active in local Republican politics, and supporters urged him to take on Bartel J. Jonkman, the incumbent Republican congressman. Michael Gerald Ford (born March 14, 1950) (age 58 is the oldest of four children of former U John "Jack" Gardner Ford (born March 16 1952) (age 56 is the second child and second son of U Steven Meigs Ford (born May 19, 1956) is an American actor Biography Early life Ford was born in East Grand Rapids Michigan Susan Elizabeth Ford Bales, known as Susan Ford Vance in a previous marriage (born July 6, 1957, in Washington D Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives are elected by their respective parties in a closed-door (private Caucus. Bartel John Jonkman ( April 28, 1884 – June 13, 1955) was a politician from the U Military service had changed his view of the world; "I came back a converted internationalist", Ford wrote, "and of course our congressman at that time was an avowed, dedicated isolationist. The diplomatic policy whereby a nation seeks to avoid alliances with other nations in order to avoid being drawn into wars not related to direct territorial self-defense has had a long history And I thought he ought to be replaced. Nobody thought I could win. I ended up winning two to one. "^[6] During his first campaign in 1948, Ford visited farmers and promised he would work on their farms and milk the cows if elected—a promise he fulfilled. The US House election 1948 was an election for the United States House of Representatives in 1948 which coincided with President Harry Truman 's Agriculture is a major industry in the United States and the country is a net exporter of food ^[30] In 1961, the U. S. House membership voted Ford a special award as a "Congressman's Congressman" that praised his committee work on military budgets. ^[31]

Ford was a member of the House of Representatives for twenty-four years, holding the Grand Rapids congressional district seat from 1949 to 1973. A congressional district is an electoral Constituency that elects a single member of a Congress. It was a tenure largely notable for its modesty. As an editorial in The New York Times described him, Ford "saw himself as a negotiator and a reconciler, and the record shows it: he did not write a single piece of major legislation in his entire career. "^[32] Appointed to the House Appropriations Committee two years after being elected, he was a prominent member of the Defense Appropriations Subcommittee. The Committee on Appropriations is a committee of the United States House of Representatives. The House Subcommittee on Defense is a standing subcommittee within the United States House Committee on Appropriations. Ford described his philosophy as "a moderate in domestic affairs, an internationalist in foreign affairs, and a conservative in fiscal policy. Fiscal conservatism (also known as economic conservatism is a political phrase term used in North America to describe advocacy of lower governmental spending practices and a "

Congressman Gerald Ford, MSFC director Wernher von Braun, Congressman George H. Mahon, and NASA Administrator James E. Webb visit the Marshall Space Flight Center for a briefing on the Saturn program, 1964

In November 1963, President Lyndon B. Johnson appointed Ford to the Warren Commission, a special task force set up to investigate the assassination of President John F. Kennedy. Wernher Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun (March 23 1912 &ndash June 16 1977 a German rocket physicist and astronautics engineer became one of the leading figures in George Herman Mahon ( September 22, 1900 - November 19, 1985) was a Texas politician and served 22 consecutive terms as a member of James Edwin Webb ( October 7, 1906 – March 27, 1992) was the second administrator of NASA, serving from February 14 George C Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC the original home of NASA, is a lead center for propulsion, Space Shuttle propulsion Shuttle external fuel The President's Commission on the Assassination of President Kennedy, known unofficially as The Warren Commission, was established on November 29, 1963 The assassination of John F Kennedy, the thirty-fifth President of the United States, took place on Friday November 22 1963 in Dallas Texas John Fitzgerald "Jack" Kennedy (May 29 1917&ndashNovember 22 1963 often referred to by his initials JFK, was the thirty-fifth President of Ford was assigned to prepare a biography of Lee Harvey Oswald, the accused assassin. Lee Harvey Oswald (October 18 1939 &ndash November 24 1963 was according to three United States government investigations the assassin of U ^[33] The Commission's work continues to be debated in the public arena.

In 1965, Republican members of the House elected Ford as its Minority Leader. Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives are elected by their respective parties in a closed-door (private Caucus. During the eight years (1965–1973) he served as Minority Leader, Ford won many friends in the House because of his fair leadership and inoffensive personality. ^[31] But President Johnson disliked Ford for the congressman's frequent attacks on the administration's "Great Society" programs as being unneeded or wasteful, and for his criticism of the President's handling of the Vietnam War. The Great Society was also a 1960s band featuring Grace Slick, and a 1914 book by English social theorist Graham Wallas. The Vietnam War, also known as the Second Indochina War, or the Vietnam Conflict, occurred in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia As Minority Leader in the House, Ford appeared in a popular series of televised press conferences with famed Illinois Senator Everett Dirksen, in which they proposed Republican alternatives to Johnson's policies. A news conference or press conference is a Media event in which newsmakers invite journalists to hear them speak and most often ask questions The State of Illinois ( roughly ill-i-NOY is a state of the United States of America, the 21st to be admitted to the Union. Everett McKinley Dirksen ( January 4, 1896 – September 7, 1969) was a Republican U Many in the press jokingly called this "The Ev and Jerry Show". ^[34] Johnson said of Ford at the time, "That Gerald Ford. He can't fart and chew gum at the same time. "^[35] The press, used to sanitizing LBJ's salty language, reported this as "Gerald Ford can't walk and chew gum at the same time. "^[36]

Vice Presidency, 1973–74

On October 10, 1973, Vice President Spiro Agnew resigned the Nixon administration and then pleaded no contest to criminal charges of tax evasion and money laundering, part of a negotiated resolution to a scheme wherein he accepted $29,500 in bribes while governor of Maryland. Events 680 - Battle of Karbala: Shia Imam Husayn bin Ali, the grandson of the Prophet Muhammad, is decapitated Year 1973 ( MCMLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the 1973 Gregorian calendar. The Vice President of the United States is the first person in the presidential line of succession, becoming the new President of the United States upon the death Spiro Theodore Agnew ( November 9, 1918 September 17, 1996) was the thirty-ninth Vice President of the United States (and the first According to The New York Times, "Nixon sought advice from senior Congressional leaders about a replacement. The advice was unanimous. 'We gave Nixon no choice but Ford,' House Speaker Carl Albert recalled later". The Speaker of the United States House of Representatives is the presiding officer&mdashor speaker &mdashof the United States House of Representatives. Carl Bert Albert ( May 10 1908 – February 4 2000) was a Lawyer and a Democratic American Politician ^[32]

The Fords and the Nixons in the White House Blue Room following President Nixon's nomination of Ford to be Vice President, October 1973

Ford was nominated to take Agnew's position on October 13, the first time the vice-presidential vacancy provision of the 25th Amendment had been implemented. The Blue Room is one of three state parlors on the first floor in the White House, the home of the President of the United States. The Vice President of the United States is the first person in the presidential line of succession, becoming the new President of the United States upon the death Events 54 - Nero ascends to the Roman throne 409 - Vandals and Alans crossed the Pyrenees The Twenty-fifth Amendment ( Amendment XXV) to the United States Constitution partially replaced the ambiguous wording of Article II Section 1 Clause The United States Senate voted 92 to 3 to confirm Ford on November 27. The United States Senate is the Upper house of the bicameral United States Congress, the Lower house being the House of Representatives Events 1095 - Pope Urban II declares the First Crusade at the Council of Clermont Only three Senators, all Democrats, had voted against Ford's confirmation: Gaylord Nelson of Wisconsin, Thomas Eagleton of Missouri and William Hathaway of Maine. Gaylord Anton Nelson ( June 4, 1916 July 3, 2005) was an American Democratic politician from Wisconsin. Wisconsin ( or wɪˈskɑnsɨn (French Ouisconsin) is one of the fifty United States of America, located in the north central part of the United States Early life and political career Eagleton was the son of another St Missouri ( or) is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States bordered by Iowa, Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee William Dodd Hathaway (born February 21, 1924) is an American Democratic Party politician from Maine. The State of Maine ( is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America, bordering the Atlantic Ocean On December 6, the House confirmed Ford by a vote of 387 to 35. Events 1060 - Béla I of Hungary is crowned king of Hungary 1240 - Mongol invasion of Rus: Kiev One hour after the confirmation vote in the House, Ford took the oath of office as Vice President of the United States.

Ford's tenure as Vice President was little noted by the media. Instead, reporters were preoccupied by the continuing revelations about criminal acts during the 1972 presidential election and allegations of cover-ups within the White House. The United States presidential election of 1972 was waged on the issues of radicalism and the Vietnam War. See also Executive Office of the President of the United States The White House, formerly known as the Executive Mansion, is the Official residence Ford said little about the Watergate scandal, although he privately expressed his personal disappointment in the President's conduct. The Watergate scandals were a series of Political scandals during the presidency of Richard Nixon that resulted in the Indictment of several of Nixon's

Following Ford's appointment, the Watergate investigation continued until Chief of Staff Alexander Haig contacted Ford on August 1, 1974, and told him that "smoking gun" evidence had been found. The White House Chief of Staff is the highest-ranking member of the Executive Office of the President of the United States and a senior aide to the President Alexander Meigs Haig Jr (born December 2 1924 is a retired four-star General in the United States Army who served as the U Events 30 BC - Octavian (later known as Augustus enters Alexandria, Egypt, bringing it under the control of the Roman Year 1974 ( MCMLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. The term " smoking gun " was originally and is still primarily a reference to an object or fact that serves as conclusive evidence of a Crime or similar The evidence left little doubt that President Nixon had been a part of the Watergate cover-up. At the time, Ford and his wife, Betty, were living in suburban Virginia, waiting for their expected move into the newly designated vice president's residence in Washington, D.C. However, "Al Haig [asked] to come over and see me," Ford later related, "to tell me that there would be a new tape released on a Monday, and he said the evidence in there was devastating and there would probably be either an impeachment or a resignation. Number One Observatory Circle is the Official residence of the Vice President of the United States. Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D The Watergate tapes, also known as the Nixon tapes are a collection of recordings of conversations between U And he said, 'I'm just warning you that you've got to be prepared, that things might change dramatically and you could become President. ' And I said, 'Betty, I don't think we're ever going to live in the vice president's house. '"^[6]

Presidency, 1974–77

Accession

Gerald Ford is sworn in as the 38th President of the United States by Chief Justice Warren Burger in the White House East Room, while Betty Ford looks on. The Chief Justice of the United States is the head of the judicial branch of the government of the United States, and presides over the U Warren Earl Burger ( September 17 1907 – June 25 1995) was Chief Justice of the United States from 1969 to 1986 | |-| |-| |-| |-|-| |} The East Room is the largest room in the White House, the home of the President of the United States.

Ford and his golden retriever, Liberty, in the Oval Office, 1974

When Nixon resigned in the wake of the Watergate scandal on August 9, 1974, Ford assumed the presidency, making him the only person to assume the vice-presidency and the presidency without having been voted into either office. | |-| |-| |- | |-| |-| |-| |-| |} The Oval Office is the official office of the President of the United States. Events 48 BC - Caesar's civil war: Battle of Pharsalus - Julius Caesar decisively defeats Pompey at Pharsalus Year 1974 ( MCMLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. Immediately after taking the oath of office in the East Room of the White House, he spoke to the assembled audience in a speech broadcast live to the nation. | |-| |-| |-| |-|-| |} The East Room is the largest room in the White House, the home of the President of the United States. See also Executive Office of the President of the United States The White House, formerly known as the Executive Mansion, is the Official residence Ford noted the peculiarity of his position: "I am acutely aware that you have not elected me as your president by your ballots, and so I ask you to confirm me as your president with your prayers. "^[37] On August 20 Ford nominated former New York Governor Nelson Rockefeller to fill the vice presidency he had vacated. Events 636 - Battle of Yarmouk: Arab forces led by Khalid ibn al-Walid take control of Syria and Palestine New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller ( July 8, 1908 January 26, 1979) was the forty-first Vice President of the United States, the forty-ninth Rockefeller was confirmed by the House and Senate. ^[38]

Pardon of Nixon

On September 8, 1974, Ford issued Proclamation 4311, which gave Nixon a full and unconditional pardon for any crimes he may have committed against the United States while President. Events 70 - Roman forces under Titus sack Jerusalem. 1264 - The Statute of Kalisz Year 1974 ( MCMLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. A pardon is the forgiveness of a crime and the penalty associated with it ^[39]^[40] In a televised broadcast to the nation, Ford explained that he felt the pardon was in the best interests of the country, and that the Nixon family's situation "is a tragedy in which we all have played a part. It could go on and on and on, or someone must write the end to it. I have concluded that only I can do that, and if I can, I must. "^[41] At the same time as he announced the Nixon pardon, Ford introduced a conditional amnesty program for Vietnam War draft dodgers who had fled to countries such as Canada. Amnesty (from the Greek amnestia, oblivion is a legislative or executive act by which a state restores those who may have been guilty of an offense against it to A draft dodger, draft evader or draft resister, is a person who avoids ("dodges" or otherwise violates the Conscription policies of the Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page ^[42] Unconditional amnesty, however, did not come about until the Jimmy Carter Presidency. ^[43]

The Nixon pardon was highly controversial. Critics derided the move and claimed, a "corrupt bargain" had been struck between the men. Three deals cut in connection with the presidency of the United States - two in contested United States presidential elections and a presidential appointment of a vice president - ^[12] They claimed Ford's pardon was quid pro quo, in exchange for Nixon's resignation that elevated Ford to the Presidency. Quid pro quo ( Latin for "something for something") indicates a more-or-less equal exchange or substitution of goods or services Nixon's Chief of Staff, Alexander Haig, did in fact offer a deal to Ford. Alexander Meigs Haig Jr (born December 2 1924 is a retired four-star General in the United States Army who served as the U Bob Woodward, in his book Shadow, recounts that Haig entered Ford's office on August 1, 1974 while Ford was still Vice President and Nixon had yet to resign. Robert "Bob" Upshur Woodward (born March 26, 1943) is an assistant managing editor of The Washington Post. Events 30 BC - Octavian (later known as Augustus enters Alexandria, Egypt, bringing it under the control of the Roman Year 1974 ( MCMLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. Haig told Ford that there were three pardon options: (1) Nixon could pardon himself and resign; (2) Nixon could pardon his aides involved in Watergate and then resign; or (3) Nixon could agree to leave in return for an agreement that the new president would pardon him. After listing these options, Haig handed Ford various papers; one of these papers included a discussion of the president's legal authority to pardon, and another sheet was a draft pardon form that only needed Ford's signature and Nixon's name to make it legal. Woodward summarizes the setting between Haig and Ford as follows: "Even if Haig offered no direct words on his views, the message was almost certainly sent. An emotional man, Haig was incapable of concealing his feelings; those who worked closely with him rarely found him ambiguous. "

Despite the situation, Ford never accepted the offer from Haig, and later decided to pardon Nixon on his own terms. Regardless, historians believe the controversy was one of the major reasons Ford lost the election in 1976, an observation with which Ford concurred. The United States presidential election of 1976 followed the resignation of President Richard M ^[44] In an editorial at the time, The New York Times stated that the Nixon pardon was "a profoundly unwise, divisive and unjust act" that in a stroke had destroyed the new president's "credibility as a man of judgment, candor and competence. "^[32]

Ford's first press secretary and close friend Jerald Franklin terHorst resigned his post in protest after the announcement of President Nixon's full pardon. Jerald Franklin terHorst (born July 11, 1922, in Grand Rapids Michigan) was the first person to serve as Press secretary for U Ford also voluntarily appeared before Congress on October 17, 1974 to give sworn testimony—the only time a sitting president has done so—about the pardon. The United States Congress is the bicameral Legislature of the federal government of the United States of America, consisting of two houses Events 539 BC - King Cyrus The Great of Persia marches into the city of Babylon, releasing the Jews from almost Year 1974 ( MCMLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. ^[18]

After Ford left the White House in 1977, intimates said that the former President privately justified his pardon of Nixon by carrying in his wallet a portion of the text of Burdick v. United States, a 1915 U.S. Supreme Court decision which stated that a pardon indicated a presumption of guilt, and that acceptance of a pardon was tantamount to a confession of that guilt. Burdick v United States, 236 US 79 (1915 was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that A pardoned man must The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest judicial body in the United States and leads the federal judiciary. ^[44] In 2001, the John F. Kennedy Library Foundation awarded the John F. Kennedy Profile in Courage Award to Ford for his pardon of Nixon. The John F Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum is the Presidential library and Museum of the 35th President of the United States, John F John Fitzgerald "Jack" Kennedy (May 29 1917&ndashNovember 22 1963 often referred to by his initials JFK, was the thirty-fifth President of Profile in Courage Award is a private award given to recognize displays of courage similar to those John F ^[45]

Administration and cabinet

Upon assuming office, Ford inherited Nixon's cabinet. The United States Cabinet (usually simplified as "the Cabinet" is composed of the most senior appointed officers of the Executive branch of the Federal government Over the course of Ford's relatively brief administration, only Secretary of State Henry Kissinger and Secretary of the Treasury William E. Simon remained. The United States Secretary of State (commonly abbreviated as SecState) is the head of the United States Department of State, concerned with Foreign affairs Henry Alfred Kissinger (born Heinz Alfred Kissinger on May 27, 1923) is a German -born American bureaucrat diplomat and 1973 The United States Secretary of the Treasury is the head of the United States Department of the Treasury, concerned with finance and monetary matters, and until William Edward Simon ( November 27 1927 &ndash June 3 2000) was a businessman a Secretary of Treasury of the U Ford appointed William Coleman as Secretary of Transportation, the second African American to serve in a presidential cabinet (after Robert Clifton Weaver) and the first appointed in a Republican administration. William Thaddeus Coleman Jr (born July 7, 1920 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA was the fourth United States Secretary of Transportation The United States Secretary of Transportation is the head of the United States Department of Transportation. African Americans or Black Americans are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa Robert Clifton Weaver ( December 29, 1907 – July 17, 1997) served as the first United States Secretary of Housing and Urban ^[46]

The Ford Cabinet
OFFICE	NAME	TERM

President	Gerald Ford	1974–1977
Vice President	Nelson Rockefeller	1974–1977

State	Henry Kissinger	1974–1977
Treasury	William E. Simon	1974–1977
Defense	James R. Schlesinger	1974–1975
	Donald Rumsfeld	1975–1977
Justice	William Saxbe	1974–1975
	Edward Levi	1975–1977
Interior	Rogers Morton	1974–1975
	Stanley K. Hathaway	1975
	Thomas S. Kleppe	1975–1977
Agriculture	Earl Butz	1974–1976
	John Albert Knebel	1976–1977
Commerce	Frederick B. Dent	1974–1975
	Rogers Morton	1975
	Elliot Richardson	1975–1977
Labor	Peter J. Brennan	1974–1975
	John Thomas Dunlop	1975–1976
	William Usery, Jr.	1976–1977
HEW	Caspar Weinberger	1974–1975
	F. David Mathews	1975–1977
HUD	James Thomas Lynn	1974–1975
	Carla Anderson Hills	1975–1977
Transportation	Claude Brinegar	1974–1975
	William Thaddeus Coleman, Jr.	1975–1977

Midterm elections

Main articles: United States House elections, 1974 and United States Senate elections, 1974

The 1974 Congressional midterm elections took place less than three months after Ford assumed office. The US House election 1974 was an election for the United States House of Representatives in 1974 that occurred in the wake of the Watergate scandal, which The US Senate election of 1974 was held in the wake of the Watergate scandal Richard M Occurring in the wake of the Watergate scandal, the Democratic Party was able to turn voter dissatisfaction into large gains in the House elections, taking 49 seats from the Republican Party, and increasing their majority to 291 of the 435 seats, which was one more than the number needed (290) for a 2/3rds majority, necessary in order to over-ride a Presidential veto (or to submit a Constitutional Amendment). The US House election 1974 was an election for the United States House of Representatives in 1974 that occurred in the wake of the Watergate scandal, which A veto, Latin for "I forbid" is used to Denote that a certain party has the right to stop unilaterally a certain piece of Legislation. Perhaps due in part to this fact, the 94th Congress overrode the highest percentage of vetoes since Andrew Johnson was President of the United States (1865–1869). The Ninety-fourth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government composed of the United States Senate and Andrew Johnson (December 29 1808 – July 31 1875 was the seventeenth President of the United States (1865-69 succeeding to the Presidency upon the assassination ^[49] Even Ford's old, reliably Republican seat was taken by Democrat Richard VanderVeen, defeating Republican Robert VanderLaan. Richard Franklin VanderVeen ( November 26, 1922 – March 2, 2006) was a politician from the U In the Senate elections, the Democratic majority became 61 in the 100-seat body. The US Senate election of 1974 was held in the wake of the Watergate scandal Richard M ^[50]

Domestic policy

President Ford meets with his Cabinet in 1975. The United States Cabinet (usually simplified as "the Cabinet" is composed of the most senior appointed officers of the Executive branch of the Federal government

The economy was a great concern during the Ford administration. The Economy of the United States is the largest national economy in the world In response to rising inflation, Ford went before the American public in October 1974 and asked them to "Whip Inflation Now. In economics inflation or price inflation is a rise in the general level of prices of goods and services over a period of time " As part of this program, he urged people to wear "WIN" buttons. Whip Inflation Now ( WIN) was an attempt to spur a Grassroots movement to combat Inflation, by encouraging personal savings and disciplined ^[51] In hindsight, this was viewed as simply a public relations gimmick without offering any effective means of solving the underlying problems. Public relations (PR is the practice of managing the flow of Information between an Organization and its Publics Public relations - often referred In marketing language a gimmick is a unique or quirky special feature that makes something "stand out" from its contemporaries ^[52] At the time, inflation was approximately seven percent. ^[53]

The economic focus began to change as the country sank into a mild recession, and in March 1975, Congress passed and Ford signed into law income tax rebates as part of the Tax Reduction Act of 1975 to boost the economy. A recession is a contraction phase of the Business cycle. The U The United States Tax Reduction Act of 1975 provided a 10 percent rebate on 1974 tax liability ($200 cap and created a temporary $30 general tax credit When New York City faced bankruptcy in 1975, Mayor Abraham Beame was unsuccessful in obtaining Ford's support for a federal bailout. The City of New York Bankruptcy is a legally declared inability or impairment of ability of an individual or organization to pay their Creditors Creditors may file a bankruptcy petition against The Mayor of New York City is the chief executive of the Government of New York City, as stipulated by the Charter of the City of New York. Abraham David "Abe" Beame (March 20 1906 – February 10 2001 was Mayor of New York City from 1974 to 1977 The incident prompted the New York Daily News' notorious headline: "Ford to City: Drop Dead. The Daily News of New York City is the fifth most-widely circulated daily Newspaper in the United States with a daily circulation of 703137 "^[54]

Ford was confronted with a potential swine flu pandemic. Swine Flu (or Swine influenzavirus (SIV flu) refers to a subset of Orthomyxoviridae that creates Influenza in Pigs and are endemic A pandemic (from Greek παν pan all + δήμος demos people is an Epidemic of Infectious disease that spreads through Sometime in the early 1970s, an influenza strain H1N1 shifted from a form of flu that affected primarily pigs and crossed over to humans. H1[[Neuraminidase N1]] is a subtype of the species Influenza A virus. On February 5, 1976, an Army recruit at Fort Dix mysteriously died and four fellow soldiers were hospitalized; health officials announced that "swine flu" was the cause. Events 1576 - Henry of Navarre converts to Roman Catholicism in order to ensure his right to the throne of France. Year 1976 ( MCMLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The United States Army is a military organization whose primary mission is to "provide necessary forces and capabilities. Fort Dix is a United States Army installation located in parts of New Hanover Township, Pemberton The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (or CDC) is an agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services based in unincorporated Soon after, public health officials in the Ford administration urged that every person in the United States be vaccinated. Vaccination is the administration of Antigenic material (the Vaccine) to produce immunity to a disease ^[55] Although the vaccination program was plagued by delays and public relations problems, some 25% of the population was vaccinated by the time the program was canceled in December of that year. The vaccine was blamed for twenty-five deaths; more people died from the shots than from the swine flu. ^[56]

Despite his reservations about how this program ultimately would be funded in an era of tight public budgeting, Ford still signed the Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975, which established special education throughout the United States. The Education for All Handicapped Children Act (sometimes referred to using the acronyms EAHCA or EHA or Public Law (PL 94-142 was enacted by the United States Congress in Ford expressed "strong support for full educational opportunities for our handicapped children" according to the official White House press release for the bill signing. ^[57]

Ford was an outspoken supporter of the Equal Rights Amendment, issuing Presidential Proclamation 4383. The Equal Rights Amendment ( ERA) is a failed proposed amendment to the United States Constitution intended to guarantee equal rights under the

In this Land of the Free, it is right, and by nature it ought to be, that all men and all women are equal before the law.

Now, THEREFORE, I, GERALD R. FORD, President of the United States of America, to remind all Americans that it is fitting and just to ratify the Equal Rights Amendment adopted by the Congress of the United States of America, in order to secure legal equality for all women and men, do hereby designate and proclaim August 26, 1975, as Women's Equality Day. Events 1071 - Battle of Manzikert: The Seljuk Turks defeat the Byzantine Army at Manzikert. Year 1975 ( MCMLXXV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. ^[58]

As president, Ford's position on abortion was that he supported "a federal constitutional amendment that would permit each one of the 50 States to make the choice. An "^[59] This had also been his position as House Minority Leader in response to the 1973 Supreme Court case of Roe v. Wade, which he opposed. Roe v Wade, 410 US 113 (1973 is a controversial United States Supreme Court case that resulted in a Landmark decision regarding ^[60] Ford came under criticism for a 60 Minutes interview his wife Betty gave in 1975, in which she stated that Roe v. Not to be confused with the BBC news magazine program Sixty Minutes (TV series. Wade was a "great, great decision. "^[61] During his later life, Ford would identify as pro-choice. Overview See also Ethical aspects of abortion Pro-choice advocates emphasize their beliefs that having a child is a personal choice that affects a woman's body and ^[62]

Foreign policy

All U. S. military forces had withdrawn from Vietnam in 1973. As the North Vietnamese invaded and conquered the South in 1975, Ford ordered the final withdrawal of U. S. civilians from Vietnam in Operation Frequent Wind, and the subsequent fall of Saigon. The Vietnam War, also known as the Second Indochina War, or the Vietnam Conflict, occurred in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia Operation Frequent Wind was the Emergency evacuation by Helicopter from Saigon, South Vietnam, in April 1975 during the last days The Fall of Saigon (in Vietnamese: Sự kiện 30 tháng 4 - April 30 Incident; Giải phóng miền Nam - The liberation of the south On April 29 and the morning of April 30, 1975, the U. Events 1429 - Joan of Arc arrives to relieve the Siege of Orleans. Events 313 - Roman emperor Licinius unifies the entire Eastern Roman Empire under his rule Year 1975 ( MCMLXXV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. S. embassy in Saigon was evacuated amidst a chaotic scene. Some 1,373 U. S. citizens and 5,595 Vietnamese and third country nationals were evacuated by military and Air America helicopters to U.S. Navy ships off-shore. Air America was an American passenger and cargo airline covertly owned and operated by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA from 1950 to 1976

Ford meets with Soviet Union leader Leonid Brezhnev in Vladivostok, November 1974, to sign a joint communiqué on the SALT treaty

Ford continued the détente policy with both the Soviet Union and China, easing the tensions of the Cold War. Vladivostok ( is Russia 's largest port city on the Pacific Ocean and the administrative center of Primorsky Krai. A message in its most general meaning is an object of Communication. Détente is a French term meaning a relaxing or easing the term has been used in international politics since the early 1970s The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 In his meeting with Indonesian president Suharto, Ford gave the green light^[63]^[64] through arms and aid to invade the former Portuguese colony East Timor. The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia. Suharto, also spelled Soeharto (June 8 1921 &ndash January 27 2008 was an Indonesian military leader and the second President of Indonesia, holding The Portuguese Empire was the earliest and longest lived of the modern European colonial empires spanning almost six centuries from the capture of Ceuta East Timor, also known as Timor-Leste (officially the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste) is a country in Southeast Asia.

Still in place from the Nixon Administration was the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT). ^[65] The thawing relationship brought about by Nixon's visit to China was reinforced by Ford's December 1975 visit to the communist country. The 1972 Nixon visit to China was the first step in formally normalizing relations between the United States and the People's Republic of China. ^[66] In 1975, the Administration entered into the Helsinki Accords^[67] with the Soviet Union, creating the framework of the Helsinki Watch, an independent non-governmental organization created to monitor compliance that later evolved into Human Rights Watch. Helsinki Watch was a private American NGO devoted to monitoring Helsinki implementation Human Rights Watch is a United States -based international Non-governmental organization that conducts research and advocacy on Human rights. ^[68]

Ford also faced a foreign policy crisis with the Mayaguez Incident. The Mayagüez incident involving the Khmer Rouge in Cambodia on May 12-15 1975 marked the last official battle of the U In May 1975, shortly after the Khmer Rouge took power in Cambodia, Cambodians seized the American merchant ship Mayaguez in international waters. The Khmer Rouge (ខ្មែរក្រហម Kmae Krɑhɑɑm was the Communist ruling political party of Cambodia &mdashwhich it renamed The Kingdom of Cambodia ( formerly known as Kampuchea (, transliterated: Preăh Réachéanachâkr Kâmpŭchea) is a country in South East Ford dispatched Marines to rescue the crew, but the Marines landed on the wrong island and met unexpectedly stiff resistance just as, unknown to the U. S. , the Mayaguez sailors were being released. In the operation, 41 U. S. servicemen were killed and 50 wounded while approximately 60 Khmer Rouge soldiers were killed. ^[69]

Ford attended the inaugural meeting of the Group of Seven (G7) industrialized nations (initially the G5) in 1975 and secured membership for Canada. Ford supported international solutions to issues. "We live in an interdependent world and, therefore, must work together to resolve common economic problems," he said in a 1974 speech. ^[70]

Assassination attempts

Secret Service agents rush Ford to safety after the first assassination attempt.

Ford faced two assassination attempts during his presidency, occurring within three weeks of each other: while in Sacramento, California on September 5, 1975, Lynette "Squeaky" Fromme, a follower of Charles Manson, pointed a Colt 45-caliber handgun at Ford. AssassiNation is the sixth album by Krisiun, released in 2006 on Century Media. California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. Events 1590 - Alexander Farnese 's army forces Henry IV of France to raise the siege of Paris. Year 1975 ( MCMLXXV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Lynette Alice "Squeaky" Fromme (born October 22, 1948) is a former member of Charles Manson 's " Family " convicted of The M1911 is a single-action, Semi-automatic pistol ( Handgun) chambered for the. As Fromme pulled the trigger, Larry Buendorf,^[71] a Secret Service agent, grabbed the gun and managed to insert the webbing of his thumb under the hammer, preventing the gun from firing. Larry Buendorf (born November 1937 is the Chief Security Officer of the United States Olympic Committee. It was later found that, although the gun was loaded with four cartridges, it was a semi-automatic pistol and the slide had not been pulled to place a round in the firing chamber, making it impossible for the gun to fire. A semi-automatic pistol is a type of Handgun that can be fired in semi-automatic mode firing one cartridge for each pull of the trigger Fromme was taken into custody; she was later convicted of attempted assassination of the President and was sentenced to life in prison. ^[72]

Reaction immediately after the second assassination attempt.

In reaction to this attempt, the Secret Service started to keep Ford at a more secure distance from anonymous crowds, a strategy that may have saved his life seventeen days later: as he left a hotel in downtown San Francisco, Sara Jane Moore, standing in a crowd of onlookers across the street, pointed her pistol at him. The City and County of San Francisco is the fourth most populous city Sara Jane Moore (born Sara Jane Kahn on February 15, 1930) attempted to Assassinate U ^[73] Just before she fired, former Marine Oliver Sipple grabbed at the gun and deflected her shot; one person was injured, and she was later sentenced to life in prison. Oliver "Billy" Sipple (November 20 1941 – February 2 1989 was a decorated Marine and Vietnam War veteran widely known for saving the life of U She was paroled from prison on December 31, 2007, having served 32 years. Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ^[74]

Supreme Court appointment

In 1975, Ford appointed John Paul Stevens as Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States to replace retiring Justice William O. Douglas. John Paul Stevens (born April 20, 1920) is currently the most senior Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. Associate Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States are the members of the Supreme Court of the United States other than the Chief Justice of the United States William Orville Douglas ( October 16, 1898 – January 19, 1980) was a United States Supreme Court Associate Justice. Stevens had been a judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit, appointed by President Nixon. The United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit is a federal court with Appellate jurisdiction over the courts in the following districts ^[75] During his tenure as House Republican leader, Ford had led efforts to have Douglas impeached. After being confirmed, Stevens eventually disappointed some conservatives by siding with the Court's liberal wing regarding the outcome of many key issues. Judicial philosophy is the set of ideas and beliefs which dictate how Justices and judges of the United States federal courts may rule in many cases ^[76] Nevertheless, President Ford paid tribute to Stevens. "He has served his nation well," Ford said of Stevens, "with dignity, intellect and without partisan political concerns. "^[77]

1976 presidential election

Main article: United States presidential election, 1976

Ford reluctantly agreed to run for office in 1976, but first he had to counter a challenge for the Republican party nomination. The United States presidential election of 1976 followed the resignation of President Richard M Then-former Governor of California Ronald Reagan and the party's conservative wing faulted Ford for failing to do more in South Vietnam, for signing the Helsinki Accords and for negotiating to cede the Panama Canal (negotiations for the canal continued under President Carter, who eventually signed the Torrijos-Carter Treaties). The Governor of California is the highest executive authority in the state government whose responsibilities include making annual "State of the State" addresses Conservatism in the United States includes a variety of political ideologies including Fiscal conservatism, Supply-side economics, Social conservatism "RVN" redirects here RVN is also the former callsign of a TV station in Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia The Panama Canal is a man-made Canal in Panama which joins the The Torrijos-Carter Treaties (sometimes referred to in the singular as the Torrijos-Carter Treaty) are two treaties signed by the United States Reagan launched his campaign in late 1975 and won several primaries before withdrawing from the race at the Republican Convention in Kansas City, Missouri. The series of presidential primary elections and caucuses is one of the first steps in the process of electing the President of the United States of America. The 1976 National Convention of the Republican Party of the United States met at Kemper Arena in Kansas City, Missouri, from Kansas City Missouri only Items for the metro area Kansas City Kansas or North Kansas City MO should go on their respective pages Missouri ( or) is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States bordered by Iowa, Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee The conservative insurgency convinced Ford to drop the more liberal Vice President Nelson Rockefeller in favor of Kansas Senator Bob Dole. Liberalism in the United States is a broad political and philosophical mindset favoring individual Liberty, and opposing restrictions on liberty whether they come from Robert Joseph "Bob" Dole (born July 22 1923 is an attorney and retired United States Senator from Kansas from 1969–1996 serving part of that time ^[78]

In addition to the pardon dispute and lingering anti-Republican sentiment, Ford had to counter a plethora of negative media imagery. Chevy Chase often did pratfalls on Saturday Night Live, imitating Ford, who had been seen stumbling on two occasions during his term. Cornelius Crane “Chevy” Chase (born October 8 1943 is an American Emmy Award-winning Comedian, Writer, and television and film Physical comedy also known as Slapstick is a comedic performance relying mostly on the use of the body to convey Humor. Saturday Night Live ( SNL) is a weekly late-night 90-minute American Sketch comedy / Variety show based in New York City As Chase commented, "He even mentioned in his own autobiography it had an effect over a period of time that affected the election to some degree. "^[79]

President Ford's 1976 election campaign had the advantage that he was an incumbent President during several anniversary events held during the period leading up to the United States Bicentennial. The United States Bicentennial was celebrated on Sunday July 4, 1976, the 200th Anniversary of the adoption of the Declaration of Independence The Washington, D. C. fireworks display on the Fourth of July was presided over by the President and televised nationally. A firework is classified as a low explosive pyrotechnic device used primarily for aesthetic and entertainment purposes In the United States, Independence Day, commonly known as the Fourth of July (or the Fourth) is a Federal holiday commemorating the adoption ^[80] On July 7, 1976, the President and First Lady served as proud hosts at a White House state dinner for Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip of the United Kingdom, which was televised on the Public Broadcasting Service network. Events 1456 - A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death Year 1976 ( MCMLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. For the ship see RMS Queen Elizabeth 2 Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Context States headed by Elizabeth II The 200th anniversary of the Battles of Lexington and Concord in Massachusetts gave Ford the opportunity to deliver a speech to 110,000 in Concord acknowledging the need for a strong national defense tempered with a plea for "reconciliation, not recrimination" and "reconstruction, not rancor" between the United States and those who would pose "threats to peace". The Battles of Lexington and Concord were the first military engagements of the American Revolutionary War. ^[81] Speaking in New Hampshire on the previous day, Ford condemned the growing trend toward big government bureaucracy and argued for a return to "basic American virtues". ^[82]

Ford (at right) and Jimmy Carter debate

Democratic nominee and former Georgia governor Jimmy Carter campaigned as an outsider and reformer; he gained support from voters dismayed by the Watergate scandal. During presidential elections in the United States, it has become customary for the main candidates The State of Georgia ( is a state in the United States and was one of the original Thirteen Colonies that revolted against British rule Colonial governors James Oglethorpe, Resident Trustee, 1733 - 1743 ( Oglethorpe County) William Stephens, Carter led consistently in the polls, and Ford was never able to shake voter dissatisfaction following Watergate and the Nixon pardon.

Presidential debates were reintroduced for the first time since the 1960 election. During presidential elections in the United States, it has become customary for the main candidates The United States presidential election of 1960 marked the end of Dwight D While Ford was seen as the winner of the first debate, during the second debate he inexplicably blundered when he stated, "There is no Soviet domination of Eastern Europe and there never will be under a Ford Administration. Eastern Europe is a general term that refers to the Geopolitical region encompassing the easternmost part of the European continent. " Ford also said that he did not "believe that the Poles consider themselves dominated by the Soviet Union". Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland ^[83] In an interview years later, Ford said he had intended to imply that the Soviets would never crush the spirits of eastern Europeans seeking independence. However, the phrasing was so awkward that questioner Max Frankel was visibly incredulous at the response. Max Frankel (born in 1930 in Gera, Germany) is a Pulitzer Prize -winning journalist ^[84]

In the end, Carter won the election, receiving 50. 1% of the popular vote and 297 electoral votes compared with 48. The Electoral College consists of 538 popularly elected representatives who formally select the President and Vice President of the United States. 0% and 240 electoral votes for Ford. The election was close enough that had fewer than 25,000 votes shifted in Ohio and Wisconsin – both of which neighbored his home state – Ford would have won the electoral vote. ^[85] Though he lost, in the three months between the Republican National Convention and the election Ford managed to close what was once a 34-point Carter lead to a 2-point margin. In fact, the Gallup poll the day before the election showed Ford held a statistically insignificant 1-point advantage over Carter. The Gallup Poll is the division of Gallup that regularly conducts public Opinion polls in the United States and more than 140 countries around the world ^[86]

Had Ford won the election, he would have been disqualified by the 22nd Amendment from running in 1980, since he served more than two years of Nixon's term. The Twenty-second Amendment ( Amendment XXII) of the United States Constitution sets a Term limit for the President of the United States. The United States presidential election of 1980 featured a contest between incumbent Democrat Jimmy Carter and his Republican opponent Ronald Reagan

An article published in Newsweek shortly after Ford's death in 2006 discussed the former President's spiritual beliefs and cited evidence that Ford's preference not to openly express his Episcopalian faith in public contributed to his loss to Southern Baptist former Sunday school teacher Jimmy Carter. Newsweek is an American weekly Newsmagazine published in New York City. The Southern Baptist Convention ( SBC) is a United States -based mostly conservative Christian denomination Ford's lowest level of support was in the Bible Belt states of the Deep South (Carter won every Southern state that year except Virginia). The Bible Belt is an informal term for an area of the United States of America in which socially conservative Evangelical Protestantism is a The Deep South is a descriptive category of cultural and geographic subregions in the American South.

Post-presidential years, 1977–2006

Activity

The Nixon pardon controversy eventually subsided. Ford's successor, Jimmy Carter, opened his 1977 inaugural address by praising the outgoing President, saying, "For myself and for our Nation, I want to thank my predecessor for all he has done to heal our land. An inauguration is a ceremony of formal Investiture whereby an individual assumes an office or position of authority or power "^[87]

Ford remained relatively active in the years after his presidency and continued to make appearances at events of historical and ceremonial significance to the nation, such as presidential inaugurals and memorial services. In 1977, he reluctantly agreed to be interviewed by James M. Naughton, a New York Times journalist who was given the assignment to write the former President's advance obituary, an article that would be updated prior to its eventual publication. ^[88]

During the term of office of his successor, Jimmy Carter, Ford received monthly briefs by President Carter’s senior staff on international and domestic issues, and was always invited to lunch at the White House whenever he was in Washington, D. C. However, a close friendship with Carter developed only after Carter had left office, with the catalyst being their trip together to the funeral of Anwar el-Sadat in 1981. ^[89] Until Ford's death, Carter and his wife, Rosalynn, visited the Fords' home frequently. Eleanor Rosalynn Smith Carter (born August 18 1927 is the wife of former United States President Jimmy Carter and was First Lady of the United States ^[90] In 2001, Ford and Carter served as honorary co-chairs of the National Commission on Federal Election Reform. The United States presidential election 2000 was one of the most controversial ever

Gerald R. Ford: Official White House portrait by Everett Kinstler

Like Presidents Carter, Bush Sr. See also Executive Office of the President of the United States The White House, formerly known as the Executive Mansion, is the Official residence Everett Raymond Kinstler is an American portrait Artist, whose official portraits include Presidents Gerald Ford and Ronald Reagan. and Clinton, Ford was an honorary co-chair of the Council for Excellence in Government, a group dedicated to excellence in government performance and which provides leadership training to top federal employees. William Jefferson "Bill" Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III, August 19 1946 served as the forty-second President of the United States The Council for Excellence in Government is a public/private partnership organization initiated in the 1980s designed to improve the effectiveness of federal state and local government

After securing the Republican nomination in 1980, Ronald Reagan gave serious consideration to his former rival Ford as a potential vice-presidential running mate, but negotiations between the Reagan and Ford camps at the Republican National Convention were unsuccessful. The 1980 National Convention of the Republican Party of the United States convened at Joe Louis Arena in Detroit Michigan, from July 14 Ford conditioned his acceptance on Reagan's agreement to an unprecedented "co-presidency",^[91] giving Ford the power to control key executive branch appointments (such as Henry Kissinger as Secretary of State and Alan Greenspan as Treasury Secretary). Henry Alfred Kissinger (born Heinz Alfred Kissinger on May 27, 1923) is a German -born American bureaucrat diplomat and 1973 Alan Greenspan (born March 6 1926 in New York City) is an American Economist and was from 1987 to 2006 the Chairman of the Federal Reserve of After rejecting these terms, Reagan offered the vice-presidential nomination instead to George H. W. Bush. ^[92]

After his presidency, Ford joined the American Enterprise Institute as a distinguished fellow. The American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research (AEI is a conservative Think tank, founded in 1943 He founded the annual AEI World Forum in 1982. The AEI World Forum is an annual meeting of business and financial executives heads of government, government officials and intellectuals

In 1977, he established the Gerald R. Ford Institute of Public Policy at Albion College in Albion, Michigan, to give undergraduates training in public policy. Albion College is a private liberal arts college located in Albion Michigan. Albion is a city in Calhoun County in the south central region of the Lower Peninsula of the U Michigan ( is a Midwestern state of the United States of America. In 1981, he opened the Gerald R. Ford Museum in Grand Rapids, and the Gerald R. The Gerald R Ford Presidential Museum is located in Grand Rapids Michigan, which Gerald R Ford Library in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Ann Arbor is a city in the US state of Michigan and the county seat of Washtenaw County. Michigan ( is a Midwestern state of the United States of America. ^[93] In 1999, Ford was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by Bill Clinton. The Presidential Medal of Freedom is a decoration bestowed by the President of the United States and is along with the equivalent Congressional Gold Medal bestowed ^[94] In 2001, he was presented with the John F. Kennedy Profiles in Courage Award for his decision to pardon Richard Nixon to stop the agony America was experiencing over Watergate. Profile in Courage Award is a private award given to recognize displays of courage similar to those John F ^[95] In retirement Ford also devoted much time to his love of golf, often playing both privately and in public events with comedian Bob Hope, a longtime friend. Bob Hope, KBE KCSG ( May 29, 1903 &ndash July 27, 2003) was an American comedian and actor who appeared in

Ford at his 90th birthday with Laura Bush, President George W. Bush, and Betty Ford in the White House State Dining Room in 2003

In October 2001, Ford broke with conservative members of the Republican party by stating that gay and lesbian couples "ought to be treated equally. Laura Lane Welch Bush (born November 4 1946 is the wife of the forty-third and current President of the United States, George W George Walker Bush ( born July 6 1946 is the forty-third and current President of the United States. The State Dining Room is the larger of two dining rooms on the State Floor of the White House, the home of the President of the United States. Period. " He became the highest ranking Republican to embrace full equality for gays and lesbians, stating his belief that there should be a federal amendment outlawing anti-gay job discrimination and expressing his hope that the Republican Party would reach out to gay and lesbian voters. ^[96] He also was a member of the Republican Unity Coalition, which The New York Times described as "a group of prominent Republicans, including former President Gerald R. Ford, dedicated to making sexual orientation a non-issue in the Republican Party". ^[97]

On November 22, 2004, New York Republican Governor George Pataki named Ford and the other living former Presidents (Carter, George H. Events 498 - Kofi Aseidu- After the death of Anastasius II, Symmachus is elected Pope in the Lateran "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " George Elmer Pataki (born June 24, 1945) is an American politician who was the 53rd Governor of New York serving three consecutive W. Bush and Bill Clinton) as honorary members of the board rebuilding the World Trade Center. The World Trade Center in New York City, United States (sometimes informally the WTC or Twin Towers) was a complex of seven buildings in Lower Manhattan

In a pre-recorded embargoed interview with Bob Woodward of The Washington Post in July 2004, Ford stated that he disagreed "very strongly" with the Bush administration's choice of Iraq's alleged weapons of mass destruction as justification for its decision to invade Iraq, calling it a "big mistake" unrelated to the national security of the United States and indicating that he would not have gone to war had he been President. In Journalism and Public relations, a news embargo or press embargo is a request by a source that the Information or News Robert "Bob" Upshur Woodward (born March 26, 1943) is an assistant managing editor of The Washington Post. The Washington Post is the largest and most circulated Newspaper in Washington D The Iraq War, also known as the Second Gulf War, the Occupation of Iraq, or the War in Iraq, is an ongoing Military campaign The details of the interview were not released until after Ford's death, as he requested. ^[98]^[99]

Health problems

As Ford approached his 90th year, he began to experience health problems associated with old age. He suffered two minor strokes at the 2000 Republican National Convention, but made a quick recovery. A stroke is the rapidly developing loss of brain functions due to a disturbance in the blood vessels supplying blood to the brain The 2000 National Convention of the Republican Party of the United States convened at the Wachovia Center (then the First Union Center ^[100] In January 2006, he spent 11 days at the Eisenhower Medical Center near his residence at Rancho Mirage, California, for treatment of pneumonia. The Eisenhower Medical Center of Rancho Mirage California, USA is the Coachella Valley 's only not-for-profit hospital one of the top one hundred hospitals in the Rancho Mirage is a city in Riverside County, California, United States. California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. Pneumonia is an inflammatory illness of the Lung. Frequently it is described as lung Parenchyma / alveolar inflammation and abnormal ^[101] On April 23, President George W. Events 215 BC - A temple is built on the Capitoline Hill dedicated to Venus Erycina to commemorate the Roman defeat at Bush visited Ford at his home in Rancho Mirage for a little over an hour. This was Ford's last public appearance and produced the last known public photos, video footage and voice recording. While vacationing in Vail, Colorado, he was hospitalized for two days in July, 2006 for shortness of breath. The State of Colorado ( or chiefly by nonresidents) is a state located in the Rocky Mountain region of the United States of America. ^[102] On August 15 Ford was admitted to St. Events 778 - The Battle of Roncevaux Pass, at which Roland is killed Mary's Hospital of the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota for testing and evaluation. Mayo Clinic is a Non-profit medical practice Its headquarters the Mayo Medical School and its research facilities are in Rochester Minnesota in Rochester is a City in the US state of Minnesota and is the County seat of Olmsted County. Minnesota ( Native Americans demonstrated the name to early settlers On August 21, it was reported that he had been fitted with a pacemaker. Events 1192 - Minamoto Yoritomo becomes Seii Tai Shōgun and the De facto ruler of Japan. For other uses see Pacemaker (disambiguation A pacemaker (or artificial pacemaker, so as not to be confused with the heart's natural pacemaker On August 25, he underwent an angioplasty procedure at the Mayo Clinic, according to a statement from an assistant to Ford. Events 1248 - The Dutch city of Ommen receives city rights and fortification rights from Otto III the Angioplasty is the technique of mechanically widening a narrowed or totally obstructed Blood vessel; typically as a result of Atherosclerosis. On August 28, Ford was released from the hospital and returned with his wife Betty to their California home. Events 475 - The Roman General Orestes forces western Roman Emperor Julius Nepos to flee his Capital On October 13, he was scheduled to attend the dedication of a building of his namesake, the Gerald R. Events 54 - Nero ascends to the Roman throne 409 - Vandals and Alans crossed the Pyrenees Ford School of Public Policy, but due to poor health and on the advice of his doctors he did not attend. The previous day, Ford entered the Eisenhower Medical Center for undisclosed tests;^[103] he was released on October 16. Events 456 - Magister militum Ricimer defeats the Emperor Avitus at Piacenza and becomes master of the western By November 2006 he was confined to a bed in his study. ^[104]

Death

Main article: Death and state funeral of Gerald Ford

President Ford's tomb at his Presidential Museum in Grand Rapids, Michigan

Ford died at the age of 93 years and 165 days on December 26, 2006 at 6:45 p. Gerald Ford died on December 26, 2006 at his home in Rancho Mirage, California, at 645 p Events 1481 - Battle of Westbrook - Holland defeats troops of Utrecht. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. m Pacific Standard Time (02:45, December 27, UTC) at his home in Rancho Mirage, California of arteriosclerotic cerebrovascular disease and diffuse arteriosclerosis. The Pacific Time Zone observes Standard time by subtracting eight hours from Coordinated Universal Time ( UTC-8) Events 537 - The Hagia Sophia is completed 1512 - The Spanish Crown issues the Laws of Burgos, governing the Rancho Mirage is a city in Riverside County, California, United States. California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. Cerebrovascular disease is a group of brain dysfunctions related to disease of blood vessels supplying the brain Arteriosclerosis refers to a hardening of medium and large Arteries. ^[105]

With their father's health failing, all four of Gerald and Betty Ford's children visited their parents' home shortly before Christmas. Mrs. Ford and their three sons, who had celebrated Christmas the day before at home, were at Ford's bedside when he died. The couple's daughter, Susan, had returned to Albuquerque, New Mexico, the day before Christmas to spend the holiday with her family. New Mexico ( is a state located in the southwestern region of the United States of America. No local clergy were present but Ford's eldest son, Michael, is an Evangelical minister and he performed last rites. Evangelicalism is a theological movement tradition and system of beliefs most closely associated with Protestant Christianity, which identifies with the Gospel Anointing of the Sick is distinguished from other forms of religious Anointing or "unction" (an older term with the same meaning in that it is intended as its name ^[106]

Ford is honored during a memorial service in the U.S. Capitol Rotunda in Washington, D.C. on December 30, 2006.

Ford is honored during a memorial service in the U. S. Capitol Rotunda in Washington, D. The rotunda is the central rotunda of the United States Capitol, below the Capitol dome. C. on December 30, 2006. Events 1460 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Wakefield. 1816 - The Treaty of St Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.

At 8:49 p. m. , Ford's wife, Betty, issued a statement that confirmed his death:^[107] "My family joins me in sharing the difficult news that Gerald Ford, our beloved husband, father, grandfather and great grandfather, has died at 93 years of age. His life was filled with love of God, his family and his country. "^[108] The statement was released by President Ford's Office. The body was taken to the Eisenhower Medical Center, where it remained until the start of the funeral services on December 29, 2006. The Eisenhower Medical Center of Rancho Mirage California, USA is the Coachella Valley 's only not-for-profit hospital one of the top one hundred hospitals in the Events 1170 - Thomas Becket: Thomas Becket Archbishop of Canterbury is assassinated inside Canterbury Cathedral by followers of King Henry II Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.

On December 30, 2006, Ford became the 11th U. Events 1460 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Wakefield. 1816 - The Treaty of St Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. S. President to lie in state. Lying in state is a term used to describe the tradition in which a Coffin is placed on view to allow the public at large to pay their respects to the deceased The burial was preceded by a state funeral and memorial services held at the National Cathedral in Washington, D. Washington National Cathedral, whose official name is the Cathedral Church of Saint Peter and Saint Paul is a Cathedral of The Episcopal Church. C. on January 2, 2007. Events 366 - The Alamanni cross the frozen Rhine River in large numbers invading the Roman Empire. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Ford was eulogized by former President George H. A eulogy is a speech or writing in Praise of a person or thing W. Bush, former Secretary of State Henry Kissinger, former NBC Nightly News anchorman Tom Brokaw and current President George W. Secretary of State is a commonly used title for a Government Official. Henry Alfred Kissinger (born Heinz Alfred Kissinger on May 27, 1923) is a German -born American bureaucrat diplomat and 1973 NBC Nightly News is the flagship evening news program for NBC News and broadcasts from the GE Building, Rockefeller Center in New York City. Thomas John "Tom" Brokaw (born February 6, 1940) is an American Television Journalist and Author, and Bush. On December 28, 2006, the New York Times reported that, at Ford's request, former President Jimmy Carter would deliver a eulogy. Events 1065 - Westminster Abbey is Consecrated. 1308 - The reign of Emperor Hanazono, Emperor of Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Decades ago, "Mr. Ford asked whether his successor might consider speaking at his funeral and offered, lightheartedly, to do the same for Mr. Carter, depending on who died first. "^[109] Carter delivered an emotional eulogy at the funeral service at Grace Episcopal Church in East Grand Rapids on January 3, 2007. East Grand Rapids is a city in Kent County in the US state of Michigan. Events 1431 - Joan of Arc is handed over to the Bishop Pierre Cauchon. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Ford was also eulogized by Donald Rumsfeld, who was Ford's defense secretary, and Richard Norton Smith, Presidential historian. The invitation-only list of attendees included Vice President Dick Cheney, Michigan Gov. Jennifer Granholm, and U. Jennifer Mulhern Granholm (born February 5 1959 in Vancouver British Columbia) is a Canadian -born American Politician, former Attorney S. Senators from Michigan Carl Levin and Debbie Stabenow. Carl Milton Levin (born June 28, 1934) is a Democratic United States Senator from Michigan and is the Chairman of the Senate Deborah Ann "Debbie" Stabenow (born Deborah Ann Greer on April 29, 1950) is a Democratic United States Senator from After the service, Ford was interred at his Presidential Museum in Grand Rapids, Michigan. In the United States, the Presidential library system is a nationwide network of libraries administered by the Office of Presidential Libraries which is part of the National

Longevity

President George W. Bush with former President Ford and his wife Betty on April 23, 2006. Events 215 BC - A temple is built on the Capitoline Hill dedicated to Venus Erycina to commemorate the Roman defeat at Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. This is the last known public photo of Gerald Ford.

Ford was the longest-lived U.S. President, having outlived Ronald Reagan by 45 days. This is a list of United States Presidents by age. This table can be sorted to display United States Presidents by name order of office date of birth age at ascension length He was the third-longest-lived Vice President, falling short only of John Nance Garner, 98, and Levi P. Morton, 96. List of VPOTUS by longevity This is a list of United States Vice Presidents by longevity. John Nance Garner IV nicknamed "Cactus Jack" (November 22 1868 &ndash November 7 1967 was the forty-fourth Speaker of the United States House of Representatives Levi Parsons Morton (May 16 1824 May 16 1920 was a Representative from New York and the twenty-second Vice President of the United States. Ford had the second-longest post-presidency (29 years and 11 months) after Herbert Hoover (31 years and 7 months). Herbert Clark Hoover (August 10 1874 &ndash October 20 1964 was the thirty-first President of the United States (1929–1933

Ford died on the 34th anniversary of President Harry Truman's death, the second U. S. President to die on Boxing Day, which Ford's pastor, The Rev. Boxing Day is a public holiday in the United Kingdom, Canada, New Zealand and Australia, as well as many other members of the Commonwealth Dr. Robert Certain, noted when he referred to December 26 as its traditional Christian reference, St. Stephen's Day. Events 1481 - Battle of Westbrook - Holland defeats troops of Utrecht. St Stephen's Day, or the Feast of St Stephen, is a Christian Saint's day celebrated on 26 December in the Western Church and ^[110] He was the last surviving member of the Warren Commission. The President's Commission on the Assassination of President Kennedy, known unofficially as The Warren Commission, was established on November 29, 1963 ^[105]

On November 12, 2006 upon surpassing Ronald Reagan's lifespan, Ford released his last public statement:

The length of one’s days matters less than the love of one’s family and friends. Events 764 - Tibetan troops occupy Chang'an, the capital of the Chinese Tang Dynasty, for fifteen days Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. I thank God for the gift of every sunrise and, even more, for all the years. He has blessed me with Betty and the children; with our extended family and the friends of a lifetime. That includes countless Americans who, in recent months, have remembered me in their prayers. Your kindness touches me deeply. May God bless you all and may God bless America. ^[111]

Electoral history

Ford's electoral history is:^[112]

Michigan 5th district, 1966

Gerald Ford (R, Inc. ) – 87,914 (68. 39%)
James M. Catchick (D) – 40,629 (31. 61%)

Michigan 5th dictrict, 1968

Gerald Ford (R, Inc. ) – 105,085 (62. 75%)
Lawrence E. Howard (D) – 62,219 (37. 16%)
Frank Girard (Socialist Labor) – 156 (0. 09%)

Michigan 5th dictrict, 1970

Gerald Ford (R, Inc. ) – 88,208 (61. 36%)
Jean McKee (D) – 55,337 (38. 50%)
Frank Girard (Socialist Labor) – 120 (0. 08%)
Walter M. Kus (Socialist Workers) – 87 (0. 06%)

Michigan 5th district, 1972

Gerald Ford (R, Inc. ) – 118,027 (61. 08%)
Jean McKee (D) – 72,782 (37. 67%)
Dwight W. Johnson (American Independent) – 2,045 (1. The American Independent Party is a California Political party. 06%)
Frank Girard (Socialist Labor) – 235 (0. 12%)
Alan Lee Maki (Communist) – 140 (0. 07%)

1976 Republican National Convention

Gerald Ford – 1187
Ronald Reagan – 1070
Elliot Richardson – 1

United States presidential election, 1976

Jimmy Carter/Walter Mondale (D) – 40,831,881 (50. The 1976 National Convention of the Republican Party of the United States met at Kemper Arena in Kansas City, Missouri, from Elliot Lee Richardson ( July 20, 1920 &ndash December 31, 1999) was an American lawyer and politician who was a member of the cabinet The United States presidential election of 1976 followed the resignation of President Richard M James Earl "Jimmy" Carter Jr (born October 1 1924 was the thirty-ninth President of the United States, serving from 1977 to 1981 and the recipient of the 2002 Walter Frederick "Fritz" Mondale (born January 5, 1928) is an American politician and member of the Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party 1%) and 297 electoral votes (23 states and D.C. carried)
Gerald Ford/Bob Dole (R) – 39,148,634 (48. Robert Joseph "Bob" Dole (born July 22 1923 is an attorney and retired United States Senator from Kansas from 1969–1996 serving part of that time 0%) and 240 electoral votes (27 states carried)
Ronald Reagan (R) – 1 electoral vote

Notes

^ ^a ^b Funk, Josh (2006). Gerald R Ford International Airport is a commercial airport located a few miles southeast of Grand Rapids Michigan. The Gerald R Ford Presidential Library is part of the National Archives and Records Administration's Presidential library system The Gerald R Ford Presidential Museum is located in Grand Rapids Michigan, which Gerald R The Gerald R Ford School of Public Policy at the University of Michigan, often referred to as the Ford School, is a leading Public policy school in the Ship naming In Honor's Foxfire Liberty Hume ( AKC Registration Number SB578950 was the Golden Retriever Presidential pet of Betty Ford and Gerald Ford The Nebraska - Born, Ford Left State As Infant. Associated Press. Boston. com. Retrieved on 2007-10-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 105 BC - Battle of Arausio: The Cimbri inflict the heaviest defeat on the Roman army of Gnaeus Mallius Maximus
^ Cannon, James. Gerald R. Ford. Character Above All. Public Broadcasting System. Retrieved on 2006-12-28. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1065 - Westminster Abbey is Consecrated. 1308 - The reign of Emperor Hanazono, Emperor of
^ A Lifetime of Achievement. 4President. org. Retrieved on 2006-12-28. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1065 - Westminster Abbey is Consecrated. 1308 - The reign of Emperor Hanazono, Emperor of
^ Gerald R. Ford Genealogical Information. Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library & Museum. University of Texas. Retrieved on 2006-12-28. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1065 - Westminster Abbey is Consecrated. 1308 - The reign of Emperor Hanazono, Emperor of
^ "A Common Man on an Uncommon Climb", The New York Times, 1976-08-19, p. Year 1976 ( MCMLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 43 BC - Octavian, later known as Augustus compels the Roman Senate to elect him Consul. 28.
^ ^a ^b ^c Gerald Rudolph Ford. AmericanPresident. org. Retrieved on 2006-12-28. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1065 - Westminster Abbey is Consecrated. 1308 - The reign of Emperor Hanazono, Emperor of
^ Fact Sheet Eagle Scouts. Boy Scouts of America. Retrieved on 03 March 2008.
^ Gerald R. Ford. Report to the Nation. Boy Scouts of America. Retrieved on 2006-12-28. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1065 - Westminster Abbey is Consecrated. 1308 - The reign of Emperor Hanazono, Emperor of
^ Townley, Alvin [2006-12-26]. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1481 - Battle of Westbrook - Holland defeats troops of Utrecht. Legacy of Honor: The Values and Influence of America's Eagle Scouts. New York: St. Martin's Press, pp. 12–13 and 87. ISBN 0-312-36653-1. Retrieved on 2006-12-29. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1170 - Thomas Becket: Thomas Becket Archbishop of Canterbury is assassinated inside Canterbury Cathedral by followers of King Henry II
^ Balloch, Jim (2007-01-04). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 46 BC - Titus Labienus defeats Julius Caesar in the Battle of Ruspina. Knox Eagle Scout has role in Ford funeral. KnoxNews. Retrieved on 2007-01-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 38 BC - Octavian marries Livia Drusilla. 1287 - King Alfonso III of Aragon invades Minorca
^ Ray, Mark (2007). Eagle Scout Welcome Gerald Ford Home. Scouting Magazine. Boy Scouts of America. Retrieved on 2007-03-05. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian moves from Antioch with an army of 90000 to attack the Sassanid Empire, in a
^ ^a ^b Kunhardt, Jr. , Phillip [1999]. Gerald R. Ford "Healing the Nation". New York: Riverhead Books, pp. 79–85. Retrieved on 2006-12-28. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1065 - Westminster Abbey is Consecrated. 1308 - The reign of Emperor Hanazono, Emperor of
^ Perry, Will [1974]. "No Cheers From the Alumni", The Wolverines: A Story of Michigan Football. Huntsville, Alabama: The Strode Publishers, pp. 150–152. ISBN 0-87397-055-1. Retrieved on 2006-12-28. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1065 - Westminster Abbey is Consecrated. 1308 - The reign of Emperor Hanazono, Emperor of
^ "Ford one of most athletic Presidents", Associated Press via MSNBC, 2006-12-27. The Associated Press ( AP) is an American News agency. The AP is a Cooperative owned by its contributing Newspapers radio MSNBC is a 24-hour cable television news channel based in the United States and available in Canada. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 537 - The Hagia Sophia is completed 1512 - The Spanish Crown issues the Laws of Burgos, governing the Retrieved on 2006-12-31. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia.
^ Greene, J. R. [1995]. The Presidency of Gerald R. Ford (American Presidency Series), p. 2.
^ Larcom, Geoff. Colleagues mourn a 'Michigan man'. The Ann Arbor News. Retrieved on 2007-01-24. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 41 - Gaius Caesar (Caligula, known for his eccentricity and cruel Despotism, is Assassinated by his disgruntled
^ Smith, Michael David (2006). Lions, Packers Had Their Chance, But Gerald Ford Chose Law and Politics. NFL Fanhouse. AOL Sports Blog. Retrieved on 2006-12-28. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1065 - Westminster Abbey is Consecrated. 1308 - The reign of Emperor Hanazono, Emperor of
^ ^a ^b ^c Timeline of President Ford's Life and Career. Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library & Museum. Gerald R. Ford Library. Retrieved on 2006-12-28. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1065 - Westminster Abbey is Consecrated. 1308 - The reign of Emperor Hanazono, Emperor of
^ The U-M Remembers Gerald R. Ford. The University of Michigan. Retrieved on 2007-01-02. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 366 - The Alamanni cross the frozen Rhine River in large numbers invading the Roman Empire.
^ Gerald R. Ford Biography. Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library & Museum. Gerald R. Ford Library. Retrieved on 2007-01-02. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 366 - The Alamanni cross the frozen Rhine River in large numbers invading the Roman Empire.
^ Doenecke, Justus D. (1990). In Danger Undaunted: The Anti-Interventionist Movement of 1940–1941 As Revealed in the Papers of the America First Committee (Hoover Archival Documentaries). Hoover Institution Press. Retrieved on 2006-12-28. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1065 - Westminster Abbey is Consecrated. 1308 - The reign of Emperor Hanazono, Emperor of p. 7
^ ^a ^b Naughton, James M. ; Adam Clymer (2006-12-26). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1481 - Battle of Westbrook - Holland defeats troops of Utrecht. Gerald Ford, 38th President, Dies at 93. New York Times. Naval Historical Center. Retrieved on 2007-10-19. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 202 BCE - The Battle of Zama results in the defeat of Carthage and Hannibal.
^ Hove, Duane [2003]. American Warriors: Five Presidents in the Pacific Theater of World War II. Burd Street Press. ISBN 1-57249-307-0.
^ American Warriors: Five Presidents in the Pacific Theater of World War II. Americanwarriorsfivepresidents. com. Retrieved on 2006-12-29. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1170 - Thomas Becket: Thomas Becket Archbishop of Canterbury is assassinated inside Canterbury Cathedral by followers of King Henry II
^ President Gerald R. Ford. US Navy (2007). Retrieved on 2007-09-09. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1000 - Battle of Svolder, Viking Age. 1379 - Treaty of Neuberg, splitting the Austrian
^ World War II Photographs. militaryunits (2007). Retrieved on 2007-09-09. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1000 - Battle of Svolder, Viking Age. 1379 - Treaty of Neuberg, splitting the Austrian “WW2042 "Activities aboard USS MONTEREY. Navy pilots in the forward elevator well playing basketball. " Jumper at left identified as Gerald R. Ford. Attributed to Lt. Victor Jorgensen, circa June/July 1944. 80--G--417628”
^ The Supreme Council, Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite, Southern Jurisdiction, USA.
^ Gerald Ford. The American Presidency Project. University of California - Santa Barbara. Retrieved on 2007-01-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 38 BC - Octavian marries Livia Drusilla. 1287 - King Alfonso III of Aragon invades Minorca
^ Howard, Jane. "The 38th First Lady: Not a Robot At All", The New York Times, 1974-12-08. Year 1974 ( MCMLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. Events 1609 - Biblioteca Ambrosiana opens its reading room the second public library of Europe.
^ Kruse, Melissa. "The Patterson Barn, Grand Rapids, Michigan - Barn razing erases vintage landmark", The Grand Rapids Press, 2003-01-03. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1431 - Joan of Arc is handed over to the Bishop Pierre Cauchon. Retrieved on 2006-12-29. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1170 - Thomas Becket: Thomas Becket Archbishop of Canterbury is assassinated inside Canterbury Cathedral by followers of King Henry II
^ ^a ^b Gerald R. Ford (1913–2006). From Revolution to Reconstruction - an . HTML project. Retrieved on 2006-12-29. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1170 - Thomas Becket: Thomas Becket Archbishop of Canterbury is assassinated inside Canterbury Cathedral by followers of King Henry II
^ ^a ^b ^c Gerald R. Ford. Editorial. The New York Times (2006-12-28). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1065 - Westminster Abbey is Consecrated. 1308 - The reign of Emperor Hanazono, Emperor of Retrieved on 2006-12-29. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1170 - Thomas Becket: Thomas Becket Archbishop of Canterbury is assassinated inside Canterbury Cathedral by followers of King Henry II
^ In 1997 the Assassination Records Review Board (ARRB) released a document that revealed that Ford had altered the first draft of the report to read: "A bullet had entered the base of the back of [Kennedy's] neck slightly to the right of the spine. The Assassination Records Review Board was created as a result of an act passed by the US Congress in 1992 entitled the "President John F " Some believed that Ford had elevated the location of the wound from its true location in the back to the neck to support the single bullet theory. (Gerald Ford. Spartacus Schoolnet. Retrieved on 2006-12-29. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1170 - Thomas Becket: Thomas Becket Archbishop of Canterbury is assassinated inside Canterbury Cathedral by followers of King Henry II ) The original first draft of the Warren Commission Report stated that a bullet had entered Kennedy's "back at a point slightly above the shoulder and to the right of the spine. In Human anatomy, the shoulder joint comprises the part of the body where the Humerus attaches to the Scapula. In Human anatomy, the vertebral column ( backbone or spine) is a column of 34 Vertebrae the Sacrum, Intervertebral " Ford replied in an introduction to a new edition of the Warren Commission Report in 2004:
I have been accused of changing some wording on the Warren Commission Report to favor the lone-assassin conclusion. That is absurd. Here is what the draft said: "A bullet had entered his back at a point slightly above the shoulder and to the right of the spine. ” To any reasonable person, “above the shoulder and to the right” sounds very high and way off the side — and that’s what it sounded like to me. That would have given the totally wrong impression. Technically, from a medical perspective, the bullet entered just to the right at the base of the neck, so my recommendation to the other members was to change it to say, “A bullet had entered the back of his neck, slightly to the right of the spine. ” After further investigation, we then unanimously agreed that it should read, “A bullet had entered the base of his neck slightly to the right of the spine. ” As with any report, there were many clarifications and language changes suggested by several of us.
Ford's description matched a drawing prepared for the Commission under the direction of Dr. James J. Humes, supervisor of Kennedy's autopsy, who in his testimony to the Commission said three times that the entrance wound was in the "low neck. " The Commission was not shown the autopsy photographs.
^ Ford, Gerald (2001-05-23). Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Events 1430 - Siege of Compiègne: Joan of Arc is captured by the Burgundians while leading an army to relieve Compiègne Address by President Gerald R. Ford, May 23, 2001. United States Senate. Retrieved on 2006-12-30. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1460 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Wakefield. 1816 - The Treaty of St
^ Jackson, Harold (2006-12-27). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 537 - The Hagia Sophia is completed 1512 - The Spanish Crown issues the Laws of Burgos, governing the Guardian newspaper obituary. The Guardian. Retrieved on 2006-12-30. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1460 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Wakefield. 1816 - The Treaty of St
^ Reeves, Richard [1975]. A Ford, not a Lincoln.
^ Remarks By President Gerald Ford On Taking the Oath Of Office As President. Watergate. info (1974). Retrieved on 2006-12-28. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1065 - Westminster Abbey is Consecrated. 1308 - The reign of Emperor Hanazono, Emperor of
^ ROCKEFELLER, Nelson Aldrich (1908–1979). Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. US Congress. Retrieved on 2006-12-28. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1065 - Westminster Abbey is Consecrated. 1308 - The reign of Emperor Hanazono, Emperor of
^ Ford, Gerald (1974-09-08). Year 1974 ( MCMLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. Events 70 - Roman forces under Titus sack Jerusalem. 1264 - The Statute of Kalisz President Gerald R. Ford's Proclamation 4311, Granting a Pardon to Richard Nixon. Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library & Museum. University of Texas. Retrieved on 2006-12-30. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1460 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Wakefield. 1816 - The Treaty of St
^ Ford, Gerald (1974-09-08). Year 1974 ( MCMLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. Events 70 - Roman forces under Titus sack Jerusalem. 1264 - The Statute of Kalisz Presidential Proclamation 4311 by President Gerald R. Ford granting a pardon to Richard M. Nixon. Pardon images. University of Maryland. Retrieved on 2006-12-30. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1460 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Wakefield. 1816 - The Treaty of St
^ Ford, Gerald (1974-09-08). Year 1974 ( MCMLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. Events 70 - Roman forces under Titus sack Jerusalem. 1264 - The Statute of Kalisz Gerald R. Ford Pardoning Richard Nixon. Great Speeches Collection. The History Place. Retrieved on 2006-12-30. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1460 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Wakefield. 1816 - The Treaty of St
^ Bacon, Paul. The Pardoning President. Public Broadcasting System. Retrieved on 2006-12-30. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1460 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Wakefield. 1816 - The Treaty of St
^ Carter's Pardon. McNeil/Lehrer Report. Public Broadcasting System (1977-01-21). Also 1977 (album by Ash. Year 1977 ( MCMLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays Events 1189 - Philip II of France and Richard I of England begin to assemble troops to wage the Third Crusade. Retrieved on 2006-12-30. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1460 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Wakefield. 1816 - The Treaty of St
^ ^a ^b Shane, Scott. "For Ford, Pardon Decision Was Always Clear-Cut", The New York Times, p. A1. Retrieved on 2006-12-29. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1170 - Thomas Becket: Thomas Becket Archbishop of Canterbury is assassinated inside Canterbury Cathedral by followers of King Henry II
^ Award Announcement. JFK Library Foundation (2001-05-01). Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Events 305 - Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman Emperor. Retrieved on 2007-03-31. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 307 - After divorcing his wife Minervina, Constantine marries Fausta, the daughter of the retired Roman Emperor
^ Secretary of Transportation: William T. Coleman Jr. (1975–1977) - AmericanPresident. org (2005-01-15). Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 588 BC - Nebuchadrezzar II of Babylon lays siege to Jerusalem under Zedekiah 's reign Retrieved on 2006-12-31. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia.
^ George Herbert Walker Bush Bush Profile, CNN. Cable News Network, usually referred to by its Initialism CNN, is a major English language Television network founded in 1980 by Ted Turner Retrieved on 2006-12-31. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia.
^ Richard B. Cheney. United States Department of Defense. The United States Department of Defense ( DOD or DoD) is the federal department charged with coordinating and supervising all agencies and functions of the government Retrieved on 2006-12-31. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia.
^ Bush vetoes less than most presidents, CNN, May 1, 2007. Events 305 - Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman Emperor. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2007-10-19. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 202 BCE - The Battle of Zama results in the defeat of Carthage and Hannibal.
^ Renka, Russell D. Nixon's Fall and the Ford and Carter Interregnum. Southeast Missouri State University, (April 10, 2003). Southeast Missouri State University is a public accredited University located in Cape Girardeau Missouri, not far from the banks of the Mississippi River Events 879 - Louis III becomes King of the Western Franks. 1407 - the lama Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-12-31. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia.
^ Gerald Ford Speeches: Whip Inflation Now (October 8, 1974), Miller Center of Public Affairs. Events 314 - Roman Emperor Licinius is defeated by his colleague Constantine I at the Battle of Cibalae, and loses Year 1974 ( MCMLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-12-31
^ WIN buttons and Arthur Burns. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia. Econbrowser (2006). Retrieved on 2007-01-24. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 41 - Gaius Caesar (Caligula, known for his eccentricity and cruel Despotism, is Assassinated by his disgruntled
^ Consumer Price Index, 1913-. Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. Retrieved on 2006-12-31
^ Lemann, Nick. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia. Rhetorical Bankruptcy. The Harvard Crimson, November 8, 1975. The Harvard Crimson, the daily Student newspaper of Harvard University, was founded in 1873 Events 1519 - Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with great a Celebration Year 1975 ( MCMLXXV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-12-31. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia.
^ Pandemic Pointers. Living on Earth, March 3, 2006. Living on Earth is a weekly hour-long and award-winning environmental news program distributed by Public Radio International. Events 1284 - Statute of Rhuddlan incorporated the Principality of Wales into England 1575 - Indian Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-12-31. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia.
^ Mickle, Paul. 1976: Fear of a great plague. The Trentonian. Retrieved on 2006-12-31. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia.
^ President Gerald R. Ford's Statement on Signing the Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975. Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library, December 2, 1975. Events 1409 - The University of Leipzig opens 1755 - The second Eddystone Lighthouse is destroyed by fire Year 1975 ( MCMLXXV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-12-31. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia.
^ Proclamation 4383 - Women's Equality Day, 1975. Larry King Live Weekend. The American Presidency Project. Retrieved on 2008-04-08. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 217 - Roman Emperor Caracalla is Assassinated (and succeeded by his Praetorian
^ Presidential Campaign Debate Between Gerald R. Ford and Jimmy Carter, October 22, 1976
^ Ford, Gerald (1976-09-10). Year 1976 ( MCMLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 506 - The Bishops of Visigothic Gaul meet in the Council of Agde. Letter to the Archbishop of Cincinnati. The American Presidency Project. Retrieved on 2007-06-12. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1381 - Peasants' Revolt: in England, rebels arrive at Blackheath.
^ Greene, John Edward. (1995). The presidency of Gerald R. Ford. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, p. 33. ISBN 0-7006-0639-4.
^ The Best of Interviews With Gerald Ford. Larry King Live Weekend. CNN (2001-02-03). Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Events 1112 - Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona and Douce I of Provence marry uniting the fortunes of those two states Retrieved on 2007-06-12. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1381 - Peasants' Revolt: in England, rebels arrive at Blackheath.
^ Hitchens, Christopher. "The Accidental President Gerald Ford: 1913–2006", The Mirror, December 28, 2006, p. Events 1065 - Westminster Abbey is Consecrated. 1308 - The reign of Emperor Hanazono, Emperor of Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. 17. Retrieved on 2007-01-01. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC
^ "East Timor Revisited", National Security Archive Electronic Briefing Book No. 62, December 6, 2006. Events 1060 - Béla I of Hungary is crowned king of Hungary 1240 - Mongol invasion of Rus: Kiev Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2007-01-03. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1431 - Joan of Arc is handed over to the Bishop Pierre Cauchon.
^ Mieczkowski, Yanek (2005). Gerald Ford And The Challenges Of The 1970s. Lexington, Kentucky: University Press of Kentucky, p. The University Press of Kentucky (UPK is the scholarly Publisher for the Commonwealth of Kentucky, and was organized in 1969 as successor to the University of Kentucky 284. ISBN 0-8131-2349-6.
^ Trip To China. Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library. University of Texas. Retrieved on 2006-12-31. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia.
^ President Gerald R. Ford's Address in Helsinki Before the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe. USA-presidents. info. Retrieved on 2007-04-04. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1581 - Francis Drake completes a circumnavigation of the world and is knighted by Elizabeth I.
^ About Human Rights Watch. Human Rights Watch. Retrieved on 2006-12-31. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia.
^ Capture and Release of SS Mayaguez by Khmer Rouge forces in May 1975. United States Merchant Marine (2000). Retrieved on 2006-12-31. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia.
^ "President Ford got Canada into G7", Canadian Broadcasting Company, December 27, 2006. Events 537 - The Hagia Sophia is completed 1512 - The Spanish Crown issues the Laws of Burgos, governing the Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-12-31. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia.
^ Election Is Crunch Time for U.S. Secret Service. National Geographic News. Retrieved on 2008-03-02. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 986 - Louis V becomes King of the Franks. 1127 - Assassination of Charles the Good
^ McLaren, Janet. "'Squeaky' up for parole", New York Daily News, 2005-06-26. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian is killed during the retreat from the Sassanid Empire. Retrieved on 2006-12-31. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia.
^ United States Secret Service. Public Report of the White House Security Review. United States Department of the Treasury. Retrieved on 2007-01-03. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1431 - Joan of Arc is handed over to the Bishop Pierre Cauchon.
^ Lee, Vic (2007-01-02). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 366 - The Alamanni cross the frozen Rhine River in large numbers invading the Roman Empire. Interview: Woman Who Tried To Assassinate Ford. ABC-7 News. KGO-TV. Retrieved on 2007-01-03. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1431 - Joan of Arc is handed over to the Bishop Pierre Cauchon.
^ John Paul Stevens. OYEZ. Retrieved on 2006-12-31. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia.
^ Levenick, Christopher. "The Conservative Persuasion", The Daily Standard, 2005-09-25. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 303 - On a voyage preaching the Gospel, Saint Fermin of Pamplona is beheaded in Amiens, France Retrieved on 2006-12-31. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia.
^ Letter from Gerald Ford to Michael Treanor (PDF). Fordham University, 2005-09-21 Retrieved on 2008-03-02. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1217 - The Estonian tribal leader Lembitu of Lehola was killed in a battle against Teutonic Knights. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 986 - Louis V becomes King of the Franks. 1127 - Assassination of Charles the Good
^ Another Loss For the Gipper. Time, March 29, 1976. Time (trademarked in capitals as TIME) is a weekly American Newsmagazine, similar to Newsweek and Events 1461 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Towton - Edward of York defeats Queen Margaret to become King Year 1976 ( MCMLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-12-31. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia.
^ VH1 News Presents: Politics: A Pop Culture History Premiering Wednesday, October 20 at 10:00 p.m. (ET/PT). PRNewswire October 19, 2004. Events 202 BCE - The Battle of Zama results in the defeat of Carthage and Hannibal. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Retrieved on 2006-12-31. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia.
^ Election of 1976: A Political Outsider Prevails. C-SPAN. Retrieved on 2006-12-31. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia.
^ Shabecoff, Philip. "160,000 Mark Two 1775 Battles; Concord Protesters Jeer Ford -- Reconciliation Plea. " New York Times, April 20, 1975, p. Events 1303 - The University of Rome La Sapienza is instituted by Pope Boniface VIII. Year 1975 ( MCMLXXV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. 1.
^ Shabecoff, Philip. "Ford, on Bicentennial Trip, Bids U. S. Heed Old Values. " New York Times, April 19, 1975, p. Events 1012 - Martyrdom of Alphege in Greenwich London. 1529 - At the Second Diet of Speyer Year 1975 ( MCMLXXV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. 1.
^ Election 2000: 1976 Presidential Debates. CNN (2001). Retrieved on 2006-12-31. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia.
^ Lehrer, Jim (2000). 1976:No Audio and No Soviet Domination. Debating Our Destiny. PBS. Retrieved on 2007-03-31. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 307 - After divorcing his wife Minervina, Constantine marries Fausta, the daughter of the retired Roman Emperor
^ Presidential Election 1976 States Carried. miltied. com. Retrieved on 2006-12-31. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia.
^ Americans On - Gerald Ford. Hear The Issues. Gallup Poll. Retrieved on 2007-01-24. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 41 - Gaius Caesar (Caligula, known for his eccentricity and cruel Despotism, is Assassinated by his disgruntled
^ Jimmy Carter. Inaugural Addresses of the Presidents. University of Seattle (1977-01-20). Also 1977 (album by Ash. Year 1977 ( MCMLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays Events 250 - Emperor Decius begins a widespread persecution of Christians in Rome. Retrieved on 2007-01-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 38 BC - Octavian marries Livia Drusilla. 1287 - King Alfonso III of Aragon invades Minorca
^ Naughton, James M (2006-12-27). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 537 - The Hagia Sophia is completed 1512 - The Spanish Crown issues the Laws of Burgos, governing the The Real Jerry Ford. PoynterOnline. Retrieved on 2007-03-31. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 307 - After divorcing his wife Minervina, Constantine marries Fausta, the daughter of the retired Roman Emperor
^ Kornblut, Anne. "Ford Arranged His Funeral to Reflect Himself and Drew in a Former Adversary", The New York Times, 2006-12-29. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1170 - Thomas Becket: Thomas Becket Archbishop of Canterbury is assassinated inside Canterbury Cathedral by followers of King Henry II Retrieved on 2007-04-04. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1581 - Francis Drake completes a circumnavigation of the world and is knighted by Elizabeth I.
^ Updegrove, Mark K. "Flying Coach to Cairo". AmericanHeritage. com (August/September 2006). Retrieved on December 31, 2006. Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. "Certainly few observers in January 1977 would have predicted that Jimmy and I would become the closest of friends," Ford said in 2000.
^ Kantrowitz, Barbara (2006). The 38th President: More Than Met the Eye. Newsweek National News. Retrieved on 2007-03-31. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 307 - After divorcing his wife Minervina, Constantine marries Fausta, the daughter of the retired Roman Emperor
^ Allen, Richard V. How the Bush Dynasty Almost Wasn't. Hoover Institution, reprinted from the New York Times Magazine, July 30, 2000. Events 1419 - First Defenestration of Prague. 1502 - Christopher Columbus lands at Guanaja in the Bay Islands off 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on December 31, 2006. Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
^ All-Star Celebration Opening the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Museum. IMDB (1981). Retrieved on 2006-12-31. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia.
^ Politicians Who Received the Medal of Freedom. The Political Graveyard. Retrieved on 2006-12-31. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia.
^ Gerald Ford. John F. Kennedy Library Foundation (2001). Retrieved on 2006-12-31. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia.
^ Price, Deb. Gerald Ford: Treat gay couples equally. The Detroit News, October 29, 2001. Events 437 - Valentinian III, Western Roman Emperor, marries Licinia Eudoxia, daughter of his cousin Theodosius II Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on December 28, 2006
^ Stolberg, Sheryl Gay. Events 1065 - Westminster Abbey is Consecrated. 1308 - The reign of Emperor Hanazono, Emperor of Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. "Vocal Gay Republicans Upsetting Conservatives," The New York Times, June 1, 2003, p. Events 193 - Roman Emperor Didius Julianus is Assassinated 987 - Hugh Capet is elected Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. N26.
^ Woodward, Bob. "Ford Disagreed With Bush About Invading Iraq". The Washington Post, December 28, 2006. Events 1065 - Westminster Abbey is Consecrated. 1308 - The reign of Emperor Hanazono, Emperor of Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on December 28, 2006
^ Embargoed Interview Reveals Ford Opposed Iraq War. Democracy Now Headlines for December 28, 2006. Events 1065 - Westminster Abbey is Consecrated. 1308 - The reign of Emperor Hanazono, Emperor of Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1065 - Westminster Abbey is Consecrated. 1308 - The reign of Emperor Hanazono, Emperor of Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on December 28, 2006
^ Gerald Ford recovering after strokes. BBC, August 2, 2000. Events 1065 - Westminster Abbey is Consecrated. 1308 - The reign of Emperor Hanazono, Emperor of Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 338 BC - A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-12-31. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia.
^ Former President Ford, 92, hospitalized with pneumonia. Associated Press, January 17, 2006. The Associated Press ( AP) is an American News agency. The AP is a Cooperative owned by its contributing Newspapers radio Events 38 BC - Octavian marries Livia Drusilla. 1287 - King Alfonso III of Aragon invades Minorca Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2007-10-19. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 202 BCE - The Battle of Zama results in the defeat of Carthage and Hannibal.
^ Gerald Ford released from hospital. Associated Press, July 26, 2006. The Associated Press ( AP) is an American News agency. The AP is a Cooperative owned by its contributing Newspapers radio Events 657 - Battle of Siffin. 811 - Battle of Pliska; Byzantine Emperor Nicephorus Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-12-31. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia.
^ Former President Ford in hospital for tests. Associated Press, 2006-10-12. The Associated Press ( AP) is an American News agency. The AP is a Cooperative owned by its contributing Newspapers radio Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 539 BC - The army of Cyrus the Great of Persia takes Babylon. Retrieved on 2008-03-02. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 986 - Louis V becomes King of the Franks. 1127 - Assassination of Charles the Good
^ Gerald Ford Dies At Age 93. CNN Transcript December 26, 2006. Events 1481 - Battle of Westbrook - Holland defeats troops of Utrecht. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2008-03-02. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 986 - Louis V becomes King of the Franks. 1127 - Assassination of Charles the Good
^ ^a ^b Wilson, Jeff. Former President Gerald Ford Dies at 93. Associated Press. The Associated Press ( AP) is an American News agency. The AP is a Cooperative owned by its contributing Newspapers radio December 27, 2006. Events 537 - The Hagia Sophia is completed 1512 - The Spanish Crown issues the Laws of Burgos, governing the Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Also available here. Retrieved on December 31, 2006. Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
^ Hoffman, Allison. "Pastor: Family Gathered Near Dying Ford", CBS News, 2006-12-28. CBS News is the news division of American Television and Radio network CBS. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1065 - Westminster Abbey is Consecrated. 1308 - The reign of Emperor Hanazono, Emperor of Retrieved on 2006-12-31. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia.
^ "Former President Gerald Ford Dies", WCBS-TV, 2006-12-27. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 537 - The Hagia Sophia is completed 1512 - The Spanish Crown issues the Laws of Burgos, governing the Retrieved on 2006-12-31. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia.
^ Smith, J. Y. ; Cannon, Lou. "Gerald R. Ford, 93, Dies; Led in Watergate's Wake", The Washington Post, 2006-12-27. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 537 - The Hagia Sophia is completed 1512 - The Spanish Crown issues the Laws of Burgos, governing the Retrieved on 2007-01-04. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 46 BC - Titus Labienus defeats Julius Caesar in the Battle of Ruspina.
^ Kornblut, Anne E. "Ford Arranged His Funeral to Reflect Himself and Drew In a Former Adversary", The New York Times, 2006-12-28, p. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1065 - Westminster Abbey is Consecrated. 1308 - The reign of Emperor Hanazono, Emperor of A21. Retrieved on 2007-01-04. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 46 BC - Titus Labienus defeats Julius Caesar in the Battle of Ruspina.
^ Certain, Rev. Dr. Robert (2007-01-02). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 366 - The Alamanni cross the frozen Rhine River in large numbers invading the Roman Empire. Homily Offered by the Rev. Dr. Robert Certain State Funeral of Gerald R. Ford. Catehdral. org. Retrieved on 2001-01-17. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Events 38 BC - Octavian marries Livia Drusilla. 1287 - King Alfonso III of Aragon invades Minorca
^ "Ford eclipses Reagan as oldest ex-president", USA Today, 2006-11-12. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 764 - Tibetan troops occupy Chang'an, the capital of the Chinese Tang Dynasty, for fifteen days Retrieved on 2008-03-02. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 986 - Louis V becomes King of the Franks. 1127 - Assassination of Charles the Good
^ Ford, Jr., Gerald Rudolph. OurCampaigns. com. Retrieved on 2008-03-02. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 986 - Louis V becomes King of the Franks. 1127 - Assassination of Charles the Good

References

Primary sources

Ford, Gerald R. (1994). Presidential Perspectives from the National Archives. ISBN 1-880875-04-7.
Ford, Gerald R. (1987). Humor and the Presidency. ISBN 0-87795-918-8.
Ford, Gerald R. (1979). A Time to Heal: The Autobiography of Gerald R. Ford. ISBN 0-06-011297-2.
Ford, Gerald R. (1973). Selected Speeches. ISBN 0-87948-029-7.
Ford, Gerald R. (1965). Portrait of the assassin (Lee Harvey Oswald). ASIN B0006BMZM4.
Ford, Betty (1978). The Times of My Life. ISBN 0-06-011298-0.
Casserly, John J. (1977). The Ford White House: Diary of a Speechwriter. ISBN 0-87081-106-1.
Coyne, John R. (1979). Fall in and Cheer. ISBN 0-385-11119-3.
DeFrank, Thomas. (2007). Write It When I'm Gone: Remarkable Off-the-Record Conversations with Gerald R. Ford. ISBN 0-399-15450-7.
Gergen, David. (2000). Eyewitness to Power: The Essence of Leadership. ISBN 0-684-82663-1. , by speechwriter
Hartmann, Robert T. (1980). Palace Politics: An Insider's Account of the Ford Years. ISBN 0-07-026951-3. , by chief of staff
Hersey, John (1980). Aspects of the Presidency: Truman and Ford in Office (The President: A Minute-by-Minute Account of a Week in the Life of Gerald Ford). ISBN 0-89919-012-X.
Kissinger, Henry A. (1999). Years of Renewal. ISBN 0-684-85572-0. by Secretary of State
Thompson, Kenneth (ed. ) (1980). The Ford Presidency: Twenty-Two Intimate Perspectives of Gerald Ford. ISBN 0-8191-6960-9.

Secondary Sources

Brinkley, Douglas (2007). Gerald R. Ford. ISBN 0-805-06909-7. full-scale biography
Cannon, James (1993). Time and Chance: Gerald R. Ford's Appointment with History. ISBN 0-472-08482-8. full-scale biography
Conley, Richard S. "Presidential Influence and Minority Party Liaison on Veto Overrides: New Evidence from the Ford Presidency. " American Politics Research 2002 30(1): 34–65. Issn: 1532-673x Fulltext: in Swetswise
Firestone, Bernard J. and Alexej Ugrinsky (eds) (1992). Gerald R. Ford and the Politics of Post-Watergate America. ISBN 0-313-28009-6.
Greene, John Robert (1992). The Limits of Power: The Nixon and Ford Administrations. ISBN 0-253-32637-0.
Greene, John Robert (1995). The Presidency of Gerald R. Ford. ISBN 0-7006-0639-4. , the major scholarly study
Hult, Karen M. and Walcott, Charles E. Empowering the White House: Governance under Nixon, Ford, and Carter. U. Press of Kansas, 2004.
Jespersen, T. Christopher. "Kissinger, Ford, and Congress: the Very Bitter End in Vietnam. " Pacific Historical Review 2002 71(3): 439–473. Issn: 0030-8684 Fulltext: in University of California; Swetswise; Jstor and Ebsco
Jespersen, T. Christopher. "The Bitter End and the Lost Chance in Vietnam: Congress, the Ford Administration, and the Battle over Vietnam, 1975–76. " Diplomatic History 2000 24(2): 265–293. Issn: 0145-2096 Fulltext: in Swetswise, Ingenta, Ebsco
Maynard, Christopher A. "Manufacturing Voter Confidence: a Video Analysis of the American 1976 Presidential and Vice-presidential Debates. " Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television 1997 17(4): 523–562. Issn: 0143-9685 Fulltext: in Ingenta
Mieczkowski, Yanek (2005). Gerald Ford And The Challenges Of The 1970s. ISBN 0-8131-2349-6.
Werth, Barry (2006). 31 Days: The Crisis That Gave Us the Government We Have Today. ISBN 0-385-51380-1.

External links

Published works

Works by Gerald Ford at Project Gutenberg. Project Gutenberg, abbreviated as PG, is a volunteer effort to Digitize, archive and distribute Cultural works
First State of the Union Address.
Second State of the Union Address.
Third State of the Union Address.

Libraries and museums

Biographies

Obituaries

Multimedia and other

Audio recordings of Ford's speeches
April 23, 2006, Gerald Ford's visit with George W. Bush, the last known public photos, video footage and voice recording taken of Ford alive
Gerald R. Ford: His Life and Presidency, (31 December 2006). The Biographical Directory of the United States Congress is a Biographical dictionary of all present and former members of the United States Congress as The Guardian (until 1959 The Manchester Guardian) is a British Newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group. Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. New York Times/Associated Press multimedia (registration required)
Gerald R. Gerald R. Ford State Funeral, (31 December 2006). Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Photo Gallery of the State Funeral at the U. S. Capitol Building

United States House of Representatives
Preceded by Bartel J. Jonkman	Member from Michigan's 5th congressional district 1949 – 1973	Succeeded by Richard F. Vander Veen
Political offices
Preceded by Spiro Agnew	Vice President of the United States December 6, 1973 – August 9, 1974	Succeeded by Nelson Rockefeller
Preceded by Richard Nixon	President of the United States August 9, 1974 – January 20, 1977	Succeeded by Jimmy Carter
Preceded by Valéry Giscard d'Estaing France	Chair of the Group of Seven (G7) 1976	Succeeded by James Callaghan United Kingdom
Party political offices
Preceded by Charles Hoeven	Chairman of the House Republican Conference 1963 – 1965	Succeeded by Melvin Laird
Preceded by Charles A. Halleck	House Minority Leader 1965 – 1973	Succeeded by John Jacob Rhodes
Preceded by Charles A. Halleck	House Republican Leader 1965 – 1973	Succeeded by John Jacob Rhodes
Preceded by Richard Nixon	Republican Party presidential candidate 1976	Succeeded by Ronald Reagan
Honorary titles
Preceded by Richard Nixon	Earliest living U. The United States House of Representatives is one of the two chambers of the United States Congress; the other is the Senate. Bartel John Jonkman ( April 28, 1884 – June 13, 1955) was a politician from the U Michigan's 5th congressional district is a United States Congressional district in the Lower Peninsula of Michigan. Richard Franklin VanderVeen ( November 26, 1922 – March 2, 2006) was a politician from the U Spiro Theodore Agnew ( November 9, 1918 September 17, 1996) was the thirty-ninth Vice President of the United States (and the first The Vice President of the United States is the first person in the presidential line of succession, becoming the new President of the United States upon the death Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller ( July 8, 1908 January 26, 1979) was the forty-first Vice President of the United States, the forty-ninth The President of the United States is the Head of state and Head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in United States by James Earl "Jimmy" Carter Jr (born October 1 1924 was the thirty-ninth President of the United States, serving from 1977 to 1981 and the recipient of the 2002 Valéry Marie René Georges Giscard d'Estaing (born 2 February 1926 is a French centre - right politician who was President of the French This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Leonard James Callaghan Baron Callaghan of Cardiff, KG, PC (27 March 1912 – 26 March 2005 was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1976 to 1979 The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Charles Bernard Hoeven ( March 30, 1895 - November 9, 1980) held elective office for forty consecutive years This is a list of Republican Conference Chairmen of the United States House of Representatives. Melvin Robert (Bom Laird (born September 1, 1922) is an American politician and writer Charles Abraham Halleck ( August 22, 1900 &ndash March 3, 1986) was a Republican leader of the United States House of Representatives Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives are elected by their respective parties in a closed-door (private Caucus. John Jacob Rhodes Jr ( September 18, 1916 &ndash August 24, 2003) was an American Lawyer and Politician, who Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives are elected by their respective parties in a closed-door (private Caucus. This is a list of the candidates for the offices of President of the United States and Vice President of the United States of the Republican Party of the The United States presidential election of 1976 followed the resignation of President Richard M S. President still living April 22, 1994 – December 26, 2006	Succeeded by Jimmy Carter
Preceded by Ronald Reagan	Oldest U.S. President still living June 5, 2004 – December 26, 2006	Succeeded by George H. W. Bush
Preceded by Rosa Parks	Persons who have lain in state or honor in the United States Capitol rotunda December 30, 2006 – January 2, 2007	Most recent

Persondata
NAME	Ford, Gerald Rudolph
ALTERNATIVE NAMES	Ford, Gerry
SHORT DESCRIPTION	38th President of the United States
DATE OF BIRTH	July 14, 1913
PLACE OF BIRTH	Omaha, Nebraska, United States
DATE OF DEATH	December 26, 2006
PLACE OF DEATH	Rancho Mirage, California, United States

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Events 1500 - Portuguese Navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral becomes the first European to sight Brazil. Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) Events 1481 - Battle of Westbrook - Holland defeats troops of Utrecht. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. James Earl "Jimmy" Carter Jr (born October 1 1924 was the thirty-ninth President of the United States, serving from 1977 to 1981 and the recipient of the 2002 List of United States Presidents by ageThis is a chronology of who was the oldest living President of the United States, former or current at any given time George Herbert Walker Bush (born June 12 1924 served as the forty-first President of the United States from 1989 to 1993 Rosa Louise McCauley Parks (February 4 1913 – October 24 2005 was an African American Civil rights activist whom the U Lying in state is a term used to describe the tradition in which a Coffin is placed on view to allow the public at large to pay their respects to the deceased The rotunda is the central rotunda of the United States Capitol, below the Capitol dome. The President of the United States is the Head of state and Head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in United States by Events 1223 - Louis VIII becomes King of France upon the death of his father Philip II of France. Year 1913 ( MCMXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Events 1481 - Battle of Westbrook - Holland defeats troops of Utrecht. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Rancho Mirage is a city in Riverside County, California, United States. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the

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