Geotextiles are permeable fabrics which, when used in association with soil, have the ability to separate, filter, reinforce, protect, or drain. A textile is a flexible material comprised of a network of natural or artificial Fibres often referred to as thread or Yarn. Soil, often typeset as SOiL, is a four piece rock band from Chicago Illinois United States founded by Shaun Glass Tom Schofield Tim King and Adam Zadel Typically made from polypropylene or polyester, geotextile fabrics come in three basic forms: woven (looks like mail bag sacking), needle punched (looks like felt), or heat bonded (looks like ironed felt). Polypropylene or polypropene ( PP) is a Thermoplastic Polymer, made by the Chemical industry and used in a wide variety of applications Polyester is a category of Polymers which contain the Ester Functional group in their main chain
As the use of geotextile fabrics has expanded, geotextile composites have been introduced and products such as geogrids and meshes have been developed. Overall, these materials are referred to as geosynthetics and each configuration—- geonets, geogrids and others—- can yield certain benefits in geotechnical and environmental engineering design. Geosynthetics is the term used to describe a range of generally synthetic products used to solve geotechnical problems Geotechnical engineering is the branch of Civil engineering concerned with the engineering behavior of earth materials Environmental engineering is the application of Science and Engineering principles to improve the environment (air water and/or land resources These products have a wide range of applications and are currently used to advantage in many civil engineering applications including roads, airfields, railroads, embankments, retaining structures, reservoirs, canals, dams, bank protection and coastal engineering. Civil engineering is a professional engineering discipline that deals with the design construction and maintenance of the physical and naturally built In some jurisdictions the terms sea defense and coastal protection are used to mean respectively defence against flooding and erosion Usually geotextiles will be placed at the tension surface as it will strengthen the soil.
Geotextile can be used as an innovative way to improve soil strength, instead of the conventional manner using soil nailing. Soil nailing is a technique in which Soil slopes excavations or Retaining walls are reinforced by the insertion of relatively slender elements - normally It is believed that the cost to have it done is much cheaper. In addition, steep slopes can then be planted with vegetation to enhance the aesthetic value.
To use geotextiles to reinforce a steep slope, two components have to be calculated:
- the tension required for equilibrium
- the appropriate layout of the geotextile reinforcement
Geotextiles have been used to protect the fossil hominid footprints of Laetoli in Tanzania from erosion, rain, and tree roots. A hominid is any member of the biological family Hominidae (the "great apes" including the extinct and extant Humans Chimpanzees Laetoli is a site in Tanzania, dated to the Plio-Pleistocene and famous for its Hominid footprints preserved in Volcanic ash (Site G Tanzania ˌtænzəˈniːə officially the United Republic of Tanzania (Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania is a country in East Africa bordered by Kenya [1]
See also
References
- ^ Renfrew, Colin and Paul Bahn, Archaeology. The term hard landscape is used by practitioners of Landscape architecture and Garden design to describe the construction materials which are used to improve a landscape 4th ed. New York: Thames 2004.
External Links
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