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Western Philosophy
20th-century philosophy
Name
Georges Bataille
Birth September 10, 1897
(Billom, France)
Death July 9, 1962
School/tradition Continental philosophy
Influenced by Hegel · Marx · Nietzsche
Freud  · Alexandre Kojève
Influenced Michel Foucault · Jacques Derrida · Maurice Blanchot  · Jean Baudrillard

Georges Bataille (pronounced [ʒɔʀʒ baˈtaj]) (September 10, 1897 – July 8, 1962) was a French writer. See also [[Analytic philosophy]] and [[Continental philosophy]] The 20th century brought with it upheavals that produced a series of conflicting developments within Philosophy Events 506 - The Bishops of Visigothic Gaul meet in the Council of Agde. Year 1897 ( MDCCCXCVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Billom is a Commune in France, located in the Département of Puy-de-Dôme in the Clermont-Ferrand Arrondissement of the Auvergne This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Events 455 - Roman military commander Avitus is proclaimed Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. Year 1962 ( MCMLXII) was a Common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Continental philosophy, in contemporary usage refers to a set of traditions of 19th and 20th century philosophy from mainland Europe Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (October 15 1844 August 25 1900 ( was a nineteenth-century German philosopher and classical philologist Sigmund Freud (ˈziːkmʊnt ˈfʁɔʏt born Sigismund Shlomo Freud (May 6 1856 &ndash September 23 1939 was an Austrian Psychiatrist who founded Alexandre Kojève (Russian Александр Владимирович Кожевников Aleksandr Vladimirovič Koževnikov; April 28 1902 &ndash Michel Foucault ( (15 October 1926 – 25 June 1984 was a French philosopher, Historian, Intellectual, Critic and Sociologist. Maurice Blanchot ( September 22, 1907  &ndash February 20, 2003) was a French Writer, Philosopher, and Jean Baudrillard ( July 29, 1929   – March 6, 2007) (ʒɑ̃ bo Events 506 - The Bishops of Visigothic Gaul meet in the Council of Agde. Year 1897 ( MDCCCXCVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Events 939 - The Major Occultation or Ghaybat el-Kubra of Muhammad al-Mahdi 1099 - First Crusade: 15000 Year 1962 ( MCMLXII) was a Common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Legal residents and citizens To be French according to the first article of the Constitution is to be a citizen of France regardless of one's origin race or religion ( A writer is anyone who creates a written work although the word usually designates those who write creatively or professionally as well as those who have written in many different forms Although subsequent philosophers have been significantly influenced by his thought, Bataille tended not to refer to himself as a philosopher. Philosophy is the study of general problems concerning matters such as existence knowledge truth beauty justice validity mind and language

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Bataille was born in Billom (Auvergne). This article is a general introduction to French literature For detailed information on French literature in specific historic periods see the separate historical articles in the Medieval French literature is for the purpose of this article Literature written in Oïl languages (particularly Old French and early Middle For more information on historical developments in this period see Renaissance, History of France, and Early Modern France. French literature of the 17th century &mdashthe so-called Grand Siècle &mdashspans the reigns of Henry IV of France, the Regency of Marie de Medici French literature of the 18th century usually refers to the literature written between 1715, the year of the death of King Louis XIV of France, and 1798 the year French literature of the nineteenth century is for the purpose of this article literature written in French from (roughly 1799 to 1900 French literature of the twentieth century is for the purpose of this article literature written in French from (roughly 1895 to 1990 Contemporary French literature is French literature roughly from the 1990s to Today. Chronological list of French language authors (regardless of nationality by date of birth Billom is a Commune in France, located in the Département of Puy-de-Dôme in the Clermont-Ferrand Arrondissement of the Auvergne Auvergne ( Occitan: Auvèrnhe / Auvèrnha) is one of the 26 administrative regions of France. He initially considered priesthood and went to a Catholic seminary but renounced his faith in 1922. A priest or priestess is a person having the authority or power to administer religious rites in particular rites of sacrifice to and propitiation of a deity or deities Catholic is an Adjective derived from the Greek adjective '' / 'katholikos' meaning "whole" or "complete". A seminary, theological college, or divinity school is a specialized and often live-in Higher education institution for the purpose of instructing students

Bataille attended the École des Chartes in Paris and graduated in February 1922. This article is about the school For the academic journal please see Bibliothèque de l'École des Chartes The École Nationale des Chartes is Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city Bataille is often referred to, interchangeably, as an archivist and a librarian. An archivist is a professional who assesses collects organizes preserves maintains control over and provides access to information determined to have long-term value A librarian is an information Professional trained in Library and information science, which is the organization and management of information services or materials While it is true that he worked at the Bibliothèque Nationale, his work there was with medallion collections (he also published scholarly articles on numismatics), and his thesis at the École des Chartes was a critical edition of the medieval manuscript L’Ordre de chevalerie which he produced directly by classifying the eight manuscripts from which he reconstructed the poem. Numismatics (numisma nomisma "coin" from the νομίζειν nomízein, "to use according to law" is the study or collection of Currency After graduating he moved to the School of Advanced Spanish Studies in Madrid. Madrid (pronounced in English in Spanish and colloquially in Spain) is the Capital and largest city of Spain.

Founder of several journals and literary groups, Bataille is the author of an oeuvre both abundant and diverse: readings, poems, essays on innumerable subjects (on the mysticism of economy, in passing of poetry, philosophy, the arts, eroticism). He sometimes published under pseudonyms, and some of his publications were banned. A pseudonym is a fictitious alternative to a person's legal name (see Alias) He was relatively ignored during his lifetime and scorned by contemporaries such as Jean-Paul Sartre as an advocate of mysticism, but after his death had considerable influence on authors such as Michel Foucault, Philippe Sollers and Jacques Derrida, all of whom were affiliated with the Tel Quel journal. Jean-Paul Charles Aymard Sartre (21 June 1905 &ndash 15 April 1980 commonly known simply as Jean-Paul Sartre (ʒɑ̃ pol saʁtʁə was a French Mysticism (from the Greek grc μυστικός mystikos, an initiate of a Mystery religion) is the pursuit of communion with identity Michel Foucault ( (15 October 1926 – 25 June 1984 was a French philosopher, Historian, Intellectual, Critic and Sociologist. Philippe Sollers (born Philippe Joyaux 28 November 1936, Bordeaux, France) is a French writer and critic Tel Quel (in English "as is" was an Avant-garde Journal for Literature, founded in 1960 in Paris (Éditions du Seuil by His influence is felt in the work of Jean Baudrillard, as well as in the psychoanalytic theories of Jacques Lacan. Jean Baudrillard ( July 29, 1929   – March 6, 2007) (ʒɑ̃ bo Psychoanalysis is a body of ideas developed by Austrian physician Sigmund Freud and his followers which is devoted to the study of human psychological functioning and behavior Jacques-Marie-Émile Lacan (French ʒak lakɑ̃ ( April 13, 1901 &ndash September 9, 1981) was a French Psychoanalyst

Initially attracted to Surrealism, Bataille quickly fell out with its founder André Breton, although Bataille and the Surrealists resumed cautiously cordial relations after World War II. Surrealism is a cultural movement that began in the early-1920s and is best known for the visual artworks and writings of the group members André Breton (in French ɑ̃dʀe bʀəˈtɔ̃ ( February 19, 1896 &ndash September 28, 1966) was a French Writer, World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Bataille was a member of the extremely influential College of Sociology in France between World War I and World War II. The College of Sociology ( "Collège de Sociologie" in French was a loosely-knit group of French Intellectuals named after the informal discussion series World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All The College of Sociology was also comprised of several renegade surrealists. The College of Sociology ( "Collège de Sociologie" in French was a loosely-knit group of French Intellectuals named after the informal discussion series He was heavily influenced by Hegel, Freud, Marx, Marcel Mauss, the Marquis de Sade, Alexandre Kojève, and Friedrich Nietzsche, the last of whom he defended in a notable essay against appropriation by the Nazis. Sigmund Freud (ˈziːkmʊnt ˈfʁɔʏt born Sigismund Shlomo Freud (May 6 1856 &ndash September 23 1939 was an Austrian Psychiatrist who founded Marcel Mauss ( May 10, 1872 &ndash February 10, 1950) was a French Sociologist. Donatien Alphonse François de Sade, Marquis de Sade ( June 2, 1740 – December 2, 1814) ( was a French aristocrat Alexandre Kojève (Russian Александр Владимирович Кожевников Aleksandr Vladimirovič Koževnikov; April 28 1902 &ndash Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (October 15 1844 August 25 1900 ( was a nineteenth-century German philosopher and classical philologist Nazism, which was a short name for National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus refers primarily to the Ideology and practices of the National Socialist German [1]

Fascinated by human sacrifice, he founded a secret society, Acéphale, the symbol of which was a decapitated man. Human sacrifice is the act of Homicide (the Killing of one or several Human beings in the context of a Religious ritual ( ritual killing Acéphale (from the Greek a-cephalus, literally "headless" designates both a public review created by Georges Bataille (which counted five issues from According to legend, Bataille and the other members of Acéphale each agreed to be the sacrificial victim as an inauguration; none of them would agree to be the executioner. Acéphale (from the Greek a-cephalus, literally "headless" designates both a public review created by Georges Bataille (which counted five issues from An indemnity was offered for an executioner, but none was found before the dissolution of Acéphale shortly before the war. The group also published an eponymous review, concerned with Nietzsche's philosophy, and which attempted to think what Jacques Derrida has called an "anti-sovereignty". Sovereignty is the exclusive Right to control a Government, a country, a people or oneself Bataille thus collaborated with André Masson, Pierre Klossowski, Roger Caillois, Jules Monnerot, Jean Rollin and Jean Wahl. André-Aimé-René Masson ( January 4, 1896 &ndash October 28, 1987) was a French Artist. Pierre Klossowski ( August 9, 1905 — August 12, 2001) was a French writer translator and artist Roger Caillois ( 3 March 1913 - 21 December 1978) was a French Intellectual whose idiosyncratic work brought together Jean Michel Rollin Le Gentil (born November 3, 1938 in Neuilly-sur-Seine, Paris, France) is a Jean André Wahl ( May 15, 1888 - 1974 was a French Philosopher.

Bataille drew from diverse influences and used diverse modes of discourse to create his work. His novel Story of the Eye, published under the pseudonym Lord Auch (literally, Lord "to the shithouse" — "auch" being slang for telling somebody off by sending them to the toilet), was initially read as pure pornography, while interpretation of the work has gradually matured to reveal the considerable philosophical and emotional depth that is characteristic of other writers who have been categorized within "literature of transgression. Story of the Eye (French Histoire de l'oeil) is a Novella written by Georges Bataille and published in 1928 that details the increasingly bizarre Pornography or porn is the explicit depiction of Sexual subject matter with the sole intention of sexually exciting the viewer Transgressional or transgressive fiction is a Genre of Literature that focuses on characters who feel confined by the norms and expectations of society " The imagery of the novel is built upon a series of metaphors which in turn refer to philosophical constructs developed in his work: the eye, the egg, the sun, the earth, the testicle. Eyes are organs that detect Light, and send signals along the Optic nerve to the visual areas of the brain In most Birds and Reptiles an egg ( Latin ovum) is the Zygote, resulting from Fertilization of the Ovum. The Sun (Sol is the Star at the center of the Solar System. EARTH was a short-lived Japanese vocal trio which released 6 singles and 1 album between 2000 and 2001 The testicle (from Latin testiculus, diminutive of testis, meaning "witness" virility plural testes) is the male

Other famous novels include the posthumous My Mother (which would become the basis of Ma mère, a French movie written and directed by Christophe Honoré) and The Blue of Noon. Ma mère ( French for "my mother" is a French - Austrian Portuguese - Spanish 2004 Movie about the fictional Ma mère ( French for "my mother" is a French - Austrian Portuguese - Spanish 2004 Movie about the fictional The cinema of France comprises the art of Film making within the nation of France or by French filmmakers abroad Christophe Honoré is a French writer and film director born in Brittany, France in 1970 The latter, with its necrophilic, political, and autobiographical undertones, is a much darker treatment of contemporary historical reality. Necrophilia, also called thanatophilia and necrolagnia, is the sexual attraction to corpses

During World War II, he wrote a Summa Atheologica (the title parallels Thomas Aquinas' Summa Theologica) which comprises his works "Inner Experience," "Guilty," and "On Nietzsche. " After the war he composed his The Accursed Share, and founded the influential journal Critique. La Part maudite is a book by Georges Bataille, written between 1946 and 1949, when it was published by Les Éditions de Minuit. His singular conception of "sovereignty" (which may be described as "anti-sovereignty") was discussed by Jacques Derrida, Giorgio Agamben, Jean-Luc Nancy and others. Sovereignty is the exclusive Right to control a Government, a country, a people or oneself Giorgio Agamben (born 1942 in Rome) is an Italian philosopher who teaches at the Università IUAV di Venezia. Jean-Luc Nancy (born July 26, 1940) is a French philosopher. Nancy's first book published in 1973 was Le titre de la lettre

Bataille's first marriage was to actress Silvia Maklès; they divorced in 1934, and she later married the psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan. Sylvia Bataille, born Sylvia Maklès (1 November 1908 - 23 December 1993 was a French actress born in Paris (where she also died to a Jewish family Divorce or dissolution of marriage is the termination of a Marriage. Jacques-Marie-Émile Lacan (French ʒak lakɑ̃ ( April 13, 1901 &ndash September 9, 1981) was a French Psychoanalyst Bataille also had an affair with Colette Peignot, who died in 1938. Colette Peignot ( October 8 1903 - November 7 1938) was a French Author who is most known by the pseudonym Laure In 1946 Bataille married Diane de Beauharnais, with whom he had a daughter.

Key concepts

Base materialism

Bataille developed base materialism during the late 1920s and early 1930s as an attempt to break with mainstream materialism. The Philosophy of materialism holds that the only thing that can be truly proven to exist is Matter, and is considered a form of Physicalism. Bataille argues for the concept of an active base matter that disrupts the opposition of high and low and destabilises all foundations. In a sense the concept is similar to Spinoza's neutral monism of a substance that encompasses both the dual substances of mind and matter posited by Descartes, however it defies strict definition and remains in the realm of experience rather than rationalisation. Baruch or Benedict de Spinoza (ברוך שפינוזה Bento de Espinosa Benedictus de Spinoza ( November 24, 1632 – February 21, Neutral monism, in Philosophy, is the metaphysical view that Existence consists of one (hence Monism) primal substance which in itself is Base materialism was a major influence on Derrida's deconstruction, and both share the attempt to destabilise philosophical oppositions by means of an unstable "third term. Deconstruction is a term used in Philosophy, Literary criticism, and the Social sciences, popularised through its usage by Jacques Derrida in " Bataille's notion of Base Materialism may also be seen as anticipating Althusser's conception of aleatory materialism or "materialism of the encounter," which draws on similar atomist metaphors to sketch a world in which causality and actuality are abandoned in favor of limitless possibilities of action. Louis Pierre Althusser (Pronunciation altuˡseʁ ( October 16, 1918 – October 22, 1990) was a Marxist philosopher.

Other

References

  1. ^ Georges Bataille, "Nietzsche and Fascists", in the January 1937 issue of Acéphale http://i.a.m.free.fr/acephale/nietzsheetlesfascistes.html

Bibliography

Primary literature

Complete works

Georges Bataille, Œuvres complètes (Paris: Gallimard)

Works published in French:

Posthumous works:


Translated works:

Secondary literature

External links

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