Citizendia
Your Ad Here

George Vancouver
June 22, 1757 – May 12, 1798

Nickname crisis
Allegiance United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland
Service/branch Royal Navy
Rank Captain


Captain George Vancouver RN (June 22, 1757 – May 12, 1798) was an officer of the British Royal Navy, best known for his exploration of North America, including the Pacific coast along the modern day Canadian province of British Columbia and the American states of Alaska, Washington and Oregon. Events 217 BC - Battle of Raphia: Ptolemy IV of Egypt defeats Antiochus III the Great of the Seleucid kingdom. Year 1757 ( MDCCLVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 1191 - Richard I of England marries Berengaria of Navarre. Year 1798 ( MDCCXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was the formal name of the United Kingdom from 1 January 1801 until 12 April 1927 The Royal Navy of the United Kingdom is the oldest of the British armed services (and is therefore known as the Senior Service) Please see " Captain " for other versions of this rank Captain is a rank in the British armed forces that is used in the Army, Royal Navy Please see " Captain " for other versions of this rank Captain is a rank in the British armed forces that is used in the Army, Royal Navy The Royal Navy of the United Kingdom is the oldest of the British armed services (and is therefore known as the Senior Service) Events 217 BC - Battle of Raphia: Ptolemy IV of Egypt defeats Antiochus III the Great of the Seleucid kingdom. Year 1757 ( MDCCLVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 1191 - Richard I of England marries Berengaria of Navarre. Year 1798 ( MDCCXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The Royal Navy of the United Kingdom is the oldest of the British armed services (and is therefore known as the Senior Service) Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page A province is a territorial unit almost always an Administrative division. British Columbia (ˌbrɪtɨʃ kəˈlʌmbiə ( BC) ( (la Colombie-Britannique C Alaska ( Аляска Alyaska) is a state in the United States of America, in the northwest of the North American continent Washington ( is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. Oregon ( is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. He also explored the southwest coast of Australia. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. He was born in King's Lynn, Norfolk, in England.

Contents

Early career

Vancouver traveled to the Pacific aboard HMS Resolution, on James Cook's second voyage (1772-1775). Captain James Cook FRS RN ( – 14 February 1779) was an English Explorer, Navigator and It was Vancouver's first naval service. He also accompanied Cook on his third voyage (1776-1779), this time aboard Resolution's sister ship, HMS Discovery.

Upon his return to Britain in 1779, Vancouver was commissioned as a lieutenant. An officer is a member of an armed force who holds a position of authority Lieutenant (abbreviated Lt or Lieut) is a Military, Naval, Paramilitary, Fire service, Emergency medical services He was then posted aboard the sloop HMS Martin, on patrol in the English Channel. For the military definition of sloop see Sloop-of-war. For the open learning project see SLOOP Project.

A statue of George Vancouver outside Vancouver City Hall in Vancouver, British Columbia.
A statue of George Vancouver outside Vancouver City Hall in Vancouver, British Columbia. Vancouver City Hall is home to Vancouver City Council in Vancouver British Columbia.

Vancouver next served on the 74-gun ship of the line, HMS Fame. A ship-of-the-line was a type of naval warship constructed from the 17th century through the mid-19th century to take part in the the naval tactic known as the Line of battle The Fame was involved in the British victory in the Battle of the Saintes in 1782. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Origins On April 7 1782, the Comte de Grasse set out from Martinique with 35 Ships of the line, including 2 50-gun ships and a large convoy

While serving on the West Indies station, Vancouver put the surveying and cartographic skills he learned under Cook to use surveying Port Royal and Kingston Harbour, assisted by Joseph Whidbey. The Caribbean (ˌkærəˡbiən kæ'rəbiən Cariben|Caraïben or Caraïben; Caraïbe or more commonly Antilles; Caribe is a Region consisting Surveying is the technique and science of accurately determining the terrestrial or three-dimensional space Position of points and the distances and angles between Port Royal, Jamaica was the centre of Shipping Commerce in the Islands of the Greater Antilles which make up the northeastern Kingston Harbour is the seventh largest natural Harbour in the world Joseph Whidbey ( 1757 - October 9, 1833) was a member of the Royal Navy who served on the Vancouver Expedition 1791&ndash1795 and

In 1789, the Royal Navy was planning another voyage to the Pacific, to further survey the valuable South Pacific whaling grounds[1]. It was to be commanded by Henry Roberts, another of Captain Cook's protégés, with Vancouver as his second in command and Whidbey as sailing master. Henry Roberts (1757- 1796 was an officer in the Royal Navy who served with Captain Cook on his last two voyages Captain is the traditional customary title given to the person in charge in command of a Ship at sea A new vessel was purchased for this expedition and named HMS Discovery after Cook's ship. The Voyage (See also Vancouver Expedition) Discovery was built for a voyage of exploration to the Southern whale fisheries

However, the Nootka Crisis intervened, as Spain and Britain came close to war over ownership of Nootka Sound and, of greater importance, the right to settle the Northwest American Coast. The Nootka Crisis was a political dispute between the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Spain, triggered by a series of events that took place during For other uses of the word Nootka see Nootka (disambiguation. Roberts and Vancouver joined Britain's more warlike vessels (Vancouver going, with Whidbey, to HMS Courageux). Several ships of the Royal Navy have been named HMS Courageous or Courageux (the French spelling When the first Nootka Convention ended the crisis, Vancouver was given command of Discovery to take possession of Nootka Sound and survey the coast. For other uses of the word Nootka see Nootka (disambiguation. For other uses of the word Nootka see Nootka (disambiguation. [2]

Vancouver's 1791-1795 explorations

A life sized statue covered in gold of George Vancouver on top of the British Columbia Parliament Buildings in Victoria
A life sized statue covered in gold of George Vancouver on top of the British Columbia Parliament Buildings in Victoria

See Also: Vancouver Expedition

Departing England with two ships in April, 1791, Vancouver commanded an expedition charged with exploring the Pacific region. The British Columbia Parliament Buildings are located in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada and serve as the seat of the Legislative Assembly of British Victoria (vɪkˈtɔɹiə is the capital city of British Columbia. The Vancouver Expedition (1791-1795 was a five-year voyage of exploration and diplomacy commanded by Captain George Vancouver. In its first year the expedition traveled to Cape Town, Australia, New Zealand, Tahiti, and China, collecting botanical samples and surveying coastlines along the way. Proceeding to North America, Vancouver followed the coasts of what is now Washington and Oregon northward. In April 1792 he encountered American Captain Robert Gray off the coast of modern Oregon just prior to Gray's sailing up the Columbia River. Robert Gray ( May 10, 1755 – c July 1806 was an American merchant sea-captain and explorer Oregon ( is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. In May of 1792 American merchant Sea captain Robert Gray sailed into the Columbia River becoming the first recorded European to navigate into it

Vancouver entered the Strait of Juan de Fuca, between Vancouver Island and the Washington state mainland on April 29, 1792. The Strait of Juan de Fuca (also called Juan de Fuca Strait) is a large body of water about long forming the principal outlet for the Georgia Strait and Puget Vancouver Island is a large Island in British Columbia, Canada, one of several North American regions named after George Vancouver, the British Washington ( is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. Events 1429 - Joan of Arc arrives to relieve the Siege of Orleans. Year 1792 ( MDCCXCII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year His orders included a survey of every and outlet on the west coast of the mainland, all the way north to Alaska. Alaska ( Аляска Alyaska) is a state in the United States of America, in the northwest of the North American continent Most of this work was done from small boats powered by both oars and sail because maneuvering larger sail-powered vessels in uncharted waters was generally impractical and dangerous due to strong tidal currents.

Vancouver was the first European to enter Burrard Inlet (beyond Stanley Park), the main harbour area of the present day City of Vancouver. For other places with the same name see Burrard. Burrard Inlet is a relatively shallow-sided coastal Fjord in southwestern British This was on June 13, 1792. Events 1525 - Martin Luther marries Katharina von Bora, against the Celibacy rule decreed by the Roman Catholic Church for Year 1792 ( MDCCXCII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year He named it after his friend Sir Harry Burrard. Sir Harry Burrard-Neale 2nd Baronet ( 16 September 1765 &ndash 7 February 1840) was a British Member of Parliament for He surveyed Howe Sound and Jervis Inlet over the next nine days, before returning to Point Grey (now the site of the University of British Columbia) on June 22, 1792 (Vancouver's 35th birthday). Howe Sound is a roughly triangular sound, actually a network of Fjords situated immediately northwest of Vancouver. Jervis Inlet is one of the principal inlets of the British Columbia Coast, about 95 km northwest of downtown Vancouver. The University of British Columbia ( UBC) is a Canadian public research University with campuses near Vancouver and in Kelowna Events 217 BC - Battle of Raphia: Ptolemy IV of Egypt defeats Antiochus III the Great of the Seleucid kingdom. Year 1792 ( MDCCXCII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Here he unexpectedly met a Spanish expedition led by Dionisio Alcalá Galiano and Cayetano Valdés y Flores and was mortified (his word) to learn they already had a crude chart of the Strait of Georgia based on the exploration voyage of José María Narváez, under command of Francisco de Eliza, the year before. Dionisio Alcalá Galiano ( October 8, 1760 &ndash October 21, 1805) was a Spanish naval officer cartographer and explorer Cayetano Valdés y Flores (1767-1834 was a Spanish naval officer who served in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, fighting for both sides at different José María Narváez (1768 &ndash August 4, 1840) was a Spanish naval officer Explorer, and Navigator who is mainly remembered Francisco de Eliza y Reventa (1759 &ndash February 19, 1825) was a Spanish naval officer Navigator, and Explorer. For three weeks they cooperatively explored Georgia Strait and the Discovery Islands area before going their separate ways. The Strait of Georgia or the Georgia Strait (also known as the Gulf of Georgia) is a Strait between Vancouver Island (as well as its nearby The Discovery Islands are the islands in the Discovery Passage between Vancouver Island and the mainland in British Columbia.

After the summer surveying season ended in November, Vancouver went to Nootka on Vancouver Island, then the region's most important harbour, where he was to receive any British buildings or lands returned by the Spanish. Vancouver Island is a large Island in British Columbia, Canada, one of several North American regions named after George Vancouver, the British The Spanish commander, Bodega y Quadra, was very cordial and he and Vancouver exchanged the maps they had made, but no agreement was reached; they decided to await further instructions. Juan Francisco de la Bodega y Quadra (baptized 3 June, 1743 &ndash 26 March, 1794) was a Peruvian naval officer born in At this time, they decided to name the large island on which Nootka was now proven to be located as Quadra and Vancouver Island. Years later, as Spanish influence declined, the name was shortened to simply Vancouver Island. Vancouver Island is a large Island in British Columbia, Canada, one of several North American regions named after George Vancouver, the British [3]

In October 1792, he sent Lieutenant William Robert Broughton with several boats up the Columbia River. William Robert Broughton was a British naval officer in the late 18th century The Columbia River (known as Broughton got as far as the Columbia River Gorge, sighting and naming Mount Hood. The Columbia River Gorge is a Canyon of the Columbia River in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. Mount Hood (called Wy'east by the Multnomah tribe) is a Stratovolcano in the Cascade Volcanic Arc in northern

After a visit to Spanish California, Vancouver spent the winter in further exploration of the Sandwich Islands (Hawaii). California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. The State of Hawaii ( or həˈwaɪʔiː Hawaiian: Mokuāina o Hawaii) is a state in the United States located on an Archipelago in the

The next year, he returned to British Columbia, and proceeded further north. British Columbia (ˌbrɪtɨʃ kəˈlʌmbiə ( BC) ( (la Colombie-Britannique C He got to 56°N, but because the more northern parts had already been explored by Cook, he sailed south to California, hoping to find Bodega y Quadra and fulfill his mission, but the Spaniard was not there. He again spent the winter in the Sandwich Islands.

In 1794, he first went to Cook Inlet, the northernmost point of his exploration, and from there followed the coast south to Baranov Island, which he had visited the year before. Cook Inlet stretches from the Gulf of Alaska to Anchorage in south-central Alaska. Baranof Island, also sometimes called Baranov Island or Sitka Island, is an Island in the northern Alexander Archipelago in the Alaska He then set sail for Great Britain by way of Cape Horn, returning in September 1795, thus completing a circumnavigation. See also Kingdom of Great Britain Great Britain (Breatainn Mhòr Prydain Fawr Breten Veur Graet Breetain is the larger of the two main islands Cabo de Hornos redirects here for the Chilean commune see Cabo de Hornos Chile.

Return to England and death

Vancouver faced difficulties when he returned home. The politically well-connected Naturalist Archibald Menzies complained that his servant had been pressed into service during a shipboard emergency; sailing master Joseph Whidbey had a competing claim for pay as expedition astronomer; and Thomas Pitt, 2nd Baron Camelford, whom Vancouver had disciplined for numerous infractions and eventually sent home in disgrace, challenged him to a duel. Archibald Menzies (pronounced or Ming-iss, see Yogh) 15 March 1754 &ndash 15 February 1842) was a Scottish Joseph Whidbey ( 1757 - October 9, 1833) was a member of the Royal Navy who served on the Vancouver Expedition 1791&ndash1795 and Thomas Pitt 2nd Baron Camelford ( February 19, 1775 - March 10, 1804) was a British peer naval officer and wastrel best known for Vancouver was attacked in the newspapers and assaulted on the street by Pitt; his career was effectively at an end. One of Britain's greatest navigators, Vancouver died in obscurity in 1798 at the age of 40 less than three years after completing his voyage. His modest grave lies in St. Peters churchyard, Petersham, Surrey, in southern England. Petersham is a place in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames on the east of the bend in the River Thames south of Richmond, which it shares with neighbouring Surrey is a county in the South East of England and is one of the Home Counties.

Legacy

Navigation

Vancouver determined that the Northwest Passage did not exist at the latitudes that had long been suggested. The Northwest Passage is a sea route through the Arctic Ocean, along the northern coast of North America via waterways amidst the Canadian Arctic Archipelago His charts of the North American northwest coast were so extremely accurate that they served as the key reference for coastal navigation for generations. Robin Fisher, the academic Vice President of Mount Royal College in Calgary and author of two books on Vancouver, states:

"He [ie: Vancouver] put the northwest coast on the map. Since the day it opened its doors to 154 students in 1911 Calgary’s Mount Royal College has provided innovative programs that create a world of possibilities for its students . . He drew up a map of the north-west coast that was accurate to the nth degree, to the point it was still being used into the 20th century as a navigational aid. That's unusual for a map that early. "[4]

Vancouver, however, failed to discover two of the largest and most important rivers on the Pacific coast, the Fraser River and the Columbia River. For other uses of this name see Fraser River (disambiguation. The Columbia River (known as (He also missed the Skeena River near Prince Rupert in northern British Columbia. ) Although Vancouver did eventually learn of the Columbia before he finished his survey (from Robert Gray (sea-captain), captain of the American merchant ship which was the first to sail into the river on May 11, 1792; Gray had first spotted the river on an earlier voyage in 1788) the Fraser never made it onto his charts. Robert Gray ( May 10, 1755 – c July 1806 was an American merchant sea-captain and explorer Stephen R. Bown, noted in Mercator's World magazine (Nov/Dec 1999) that:

"How Vancouver could have missed these rivers while accurately charting hundreds of comparatively insignificant inlets, islands, and streams is hard to fathom. What is certain is that his failure to spot the Columbia had great implications for the future political development of the Pacific Northwest. . . . "[5]

While it is difficult to comprehend how Vancouver missed the Fraser River, much of this river's delta was subject to flooding and summer freshet which prevented the captain from spotting any of its great channels as he sailed the entire shoreline from Point Roberts to Point Grey in 1792. A freshet can refer to one of two things A Flood resulting from heavy rain or a spring thaw [6] The Spanish, who preceded Vancouver in 1791, had also missed the Fraser River although they knew from its muddy plume that there was a major river located nearby. [7]

Aboriginal relations

Vancouver generally established a good rapport with both natives and European foreigners. Despite a long history of warfare between Britain and Spain, Vancouver maintained excellent relations with his Spanish counterparts and even feted a Spanish sea captain aboard the tall ship HMS Discovery during his 1792 trip to the Vancouver region. The Voyage (See also Vancouver Expedition) Discovery was built for a voyage of exploration to the Southern whale fisheries [8] While Captain Vancouver played an undeniable role in the eventual series of upheavals in native life on the North American Pacific Coast since his explorations opened up the Northwest coast to European exploration and the long term negative impact on first nations peoples and their cultures, historical records show Vancouver himself enjoyed good relations with native leaders both in Hawaii - where King Kamehameha the Great ceded Hawaii to Vancouver in 1794 - as well as the Pacific Northwest. Kamehameha I, also known as Kamehameha the Great, (born February 1758 or November 1737 or May 1, 1738 – died May 8, 1819) [9] Vancouver's journals exhibit a high degree of sensitivity to natives: he once wrote of his exploration of a small island on the Alaskan coast on which an important burial site was marked by a sepulchre of "peculiar character" lined with boards and fragments of military instruments lying near a square box covered with mats. [10] Vancouver states:

This we naturally conjectured contained the remains of some person of consequence, and it much excited the curiosity of some of our party; but as further examination could not possibly have served any useful purpose, and might have given umbrage and pain to the friends of the deceased, should it be their custom to visit the repositories of their dead, I did not think it right that it should be disturbed. [11]

Vancouver also displayed contempt in his journals towards unscrupulous western traders who provided guns to natives by writing:

I am extremely concerned to be compelled to state here, that many of the traders from the civilised world have not only pursued a line of conduct, diametrically opposite to the true principles of justice in their commercial dealings, but have fomented discords, and stirred up contentions, between the different tribes, in order to increase the demand for these destructive engines. . . . They have been likewise eager to instruct the natives in the use of European arms of all descriptions; and have shewn by their own example, that they consider gain as the only object of pursuit; and whether this be acquired by fair and honourable means, or otherwise, so long as the advantage is secured, the manner how it is obtained seems to have been, with too many of them, but a very secondary consideration. [10]

Robin Fisher notes that Vancouver's "relationships with aboriginal groups were generally peaceful; indeed, his detailed survey would not have been possible if they had been hostile. "[10] While there were hostile incidents at the end of Vancouver's last season - the most serious of which involved a clash with Tlingits at Behm Canal in southeast Alaska in 1794 - these were the exceptions to Vancouver's exploration of the US and Canadian Northwest coast. Not to be confused with the Turkic Telengit people The Tlingit (ˈklɪŋkɪt in English also /-gɪt/ or Tlinkit /ˈtlɪŋkɪt/ which Behm Canal is a channel in the Alexander Archipelago, in the southeastern part of the U [10]

Memorials

1988 stamp: Vancouver explores the coast.
1988 stamp: Vancouver explores the coast.
2007 stamp: George Vancouver's 250th birthday.
2007 stamp: George Vancouver's 250th birthday.
2007 first day cover: George Vancouver's 250th birthday
2007 first day cover: George Vancouver's 250th birthday
"1980 Commemorative Statue to Capt. George Vancouver by Vancouver artist Alan Chung Hung."
"1980 Commemorative Statue to Capt. George Vancouver by Vancouver artist Alan Chung Hung. "

250th anniversary commemoration

On Friday June 22, 2007, the City of Vancouver in Canada organized a celebration at the Vancouver Maritime Museum to remember the 250th anniversary of Vancouver's birth. Events 217 BC - Battle of Raphia: Ptolemy IV of Egypt defeats Antiochus III the Great of the Seleucid kingdom. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The Vancouver Maritime Museum is a nautical Museum in Vancouver, Canada. [13] The one-hour festivities included the presentation of a massive 63 by 114 centimetre carrot cake, the firing of a gun salute by the Royal Canadian Artillery's 15th Field Regiment and a performance by the Vancouver Firefighter's Band. Carrot cake is a sweet cake with grated Carrot mixed into the batter. The Royal Regiment of Canadian Artillery ( Fr: le Régiment royal de l'Artillerie canadienne is the Artillery Personnel branch of the Canadian [14]

Vancouver's mayor, Sam Sullivan, officially declared June 22, 2007 to be "George Day". Sam Sullivan, CM (born 1960) is the current Mayor of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Events 217 BC - Battle of Raphia: Ptolemy IV of Egypt defeats Antiochus III the Great of the Seleucid kingdom. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. [15] The Musqueam native elder Larry Grant who also attended the festivities acknowledged that some of his people might disapprove of his presence here but noted:

"Many people don't feel aboriginal people should be celebrating this occasion. The Musqueam Indian Band is a First Nations government in the Canadian province of British Columbia, and is the only Indian band whose reserve lies within . . I believe it has helped the world and that's part of who we are. That's the legacy of our people. We're generous to a fault. The legacy is strong and a good one, in the sense that without the first nations working with the colonials, it [B. C. ] wouldn't have been part of Canada to begin with and Britain would be the poorer for it. "[16]

Origins of the family name

There has been some debate about the origins of the Vancouver name. It is now commonly accepted that the name Vancouver derives from the word van Coevorden, meaning "from Coevorden", a city in the northeast of the Netherlands. Coevorden ( is a Municipality and a City in the northeastern Netherlands. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands An alternative theory claims that Vancouver is a misspelling or anglicized version of van Couwen, a Dutch family name. Spelling is the Writing of a Word or words with the necessary letters and Diacritics present in an accepted standard order Anglicisation or anglicization (see -ise vs -ize) is a process of conversion of verbal or written elements of any other language into a more comprehensible English A family name or last name is a type of Surname and part of a person's name indicating the family to which the person belongs [17] In the 18th century, a number of businessmen from the Coevorden area did move to England. Some of them were known as van Coevorden. Others adopted the surname Oxford, as in oxen crossing, which is approximately the English translation of Coevorden. Oxford is currently bidding for the 2010 Wikimania Conference Oxford () is a city, and the County town of Oxfordshire, A ford is a place in a Watercourse (most commonly a stream or River) that is shallow enough to be crossed by wading on Horseback or in a wheeled In the 1970s, Adrien Mansvelt, a former Consul General of the Netherlands based in Vancouver, published a collation of information in both historical and genealogical journals and in the Vancouver Sun newspaper. A consul general heads a Consulate general and is a consul of the highest rank serving at a principal location and usually responsible for other consular offices within [18][19][20] Mansvelt's theory was later presented by the city during the Expo '86 World's Fair, as historical fact. The 1986 World Exposition on Transportation and Communication or simply Expo '86 was a World's Fair held in Vancouver, British Columbia, Expo (short for "exposition" and also known as World Fair and World's Fair) is the name given to various large public exhibitions held since the History is the study of the past particularly the written record Those who study history as a Profession are called Historians Etymology

W. Kaye Lamb, in summarizing Mansvelt's 1973 research, observes clear evidence of close family ties between the Vancouver family of Britain and the van Couverden family of Holland as well as George Vancouver's own words from his diaries in referring to his Dutch ancestry:

As the name Vancouver suggests, the Vancouvers were of Dutch origin. They were descended from the titled van Coeverden family, one of the oldest in the Netherlands. By the twelfth century, and for many years thereafter, their castle at Coevorden, in the Province of Drenthe, was an important fortress on the eastern frontier. Coevorden ( is a Municipality and a City in the northeastern Netherlands. Drenthe is a province of the Netherlands, located in the north-east of the country George Vancouver was aware of this. In July 1794, he named the Lynn Canal 'after the place of my nativity' and Point Couverden (which he spelt incorrectly) 'after the seat of my ancestors. ' Vancouver's great grandfather, Reint Wolter van Couverden, was probably the first of the line to establish an English connection. While serving as a squire at one of the German courts he met Johanna (Jane) Lilingston, an English girl who was one of the ladies in waiting. They were married in 1699. Their son, Lucas Hendrik van Couverden, married Vancouver's grandmother, Sarah. . . In his later years he probably anglicized his name and spent most of his time in England. By the eighteenth century, the estates of the van Couverdens were mostly in the Province of Overijssel, and some of the family were living in Vollenhove, on the Zuider Zee. Overijssel (Transiselania is a Province of the Netherlands in the central eastern part of the country Vollenhove is a village in the Dutch province of Overijssel. It is located in the municipality of Steenwijkerland, southwest of Steenwijk The Zuiderzee (ˌzaɪdɚ ˈzeɪ] Dutch: Zuiderzee, ˈzœydərzeː was a shallow Inlet of the North Sea in the northwest of the Netherlands The English and Dutch branches kept in touch, and in 1798 (the date of Vancouver's death) George Vancouver's brother Charles would marry a kinswoman, Louise Josephine van Couverden, of Vollenhove. Both were great-grandchildren of Reint Wolter van Couverden. [21]

George Vancouver also identified a body of land off the Alaskan coast as 'Couverden Island' during his exploration of the North American Pacific coast presumably to honour his family's Dutch hometown of Coevorden. Couverden Island is a small island located at the western entrance to Lynn Canal in Alaska [22] It is located at the western point of entry to Lynn Canal in southeastern Alaska. The Lynn Canal is an Inlet (not an artificial Canal) into the mainland of southeast Alaska. [23]

Others present on Vancouver's voyage

Works by George Vancouver

References

  1. ^ Naish, John (1996). The Hakluyt Society is a Registered charity based in London England, dedicated to the advancement of the understanding of world history The Interwoven Lives of George Vancouver, Archibald Menzies, Joseph Whidbey and Peter Puget: The Vancouver Voyage of 1791-1795. The Edward Mellen Press, Ltd. . ISBN 0-7734-8857-X.  
  2. ^ Allen, Richard Edward (1982). A Pictorial History of Vancouver, Book 1. Josten's Publications.  
  3. ^ The Voyage of George Vancouver 1791-1795, Volume 1, ed: W. Kaye Lamb, Hakluyt Society, 1984, p. 247
  4. ^ Larry Pynn, 'Charting the Coast,' The Vancouver Sun, May 30, 2007, p. The Vancouver Sun is a daily newspaper first published in the Canadian province of British Columbia on February 12, 1912 B3
  5. ^ Vancouver in the BC Geographical Names Information System
  6. ^ Stephen Hume, The Birth of Modern British Columbia Part 7, The Vancouver Sun, November 17, 2007, p. D9
  7. ^ Hume, op. cit. , p. D9
  8. ^ Pynn, op. cit. , May 30, 2007, p. B3
  9. ^ Larry Pynn, "Peaceful Encounters. " May 29, 2007, p. B3
  10. ^ a b c d Pynn, May 29, 2007, op. cit. , p. B3
  11. ^ Pynn, May 29, 2007. , op. cit. , p. B3
  12. ^ Mystery man:The Canada Post stamp honouring Captain George Vancouver has created a buzz with collectors, By Larry Pynn, Vancouver Sun, Published: Thursday, May 24, 2007
  13. ^ Larry Pynn, 'Native elder embraces captain's legacy,' the Vancouver Sun, June 23, 2007, p. B9
  14. ^ Ibid. , p. B9
  15. ^ Ibid. , p. B9
  16. ^ Ibid, p. B9
  17. ^ "The story of a Norfolk Sailor" (pamphlet) by G. H. Anderson, Published in King's Lynn in 1923 (copy available at Vancouver Public Library)
  18. ^ "The Vancouver - van Coeverden Controversy" by Adrien Mansvelt, "British Columbia Geneologist" (published Feb 1975 Vol 4 No. 1,2,3)
  19. ^ "Vancouver: A lost branch of the van Coeverden Family" by Adrien Mansvelt, BC Historical News, VI (1973) 20-23
  20. ^ 'Solving the Captain Vancouver mystery', and "The Original Vancouver in Old Holland" by Adrien Mansvelt, Vancouver Sun, Published September 1, 1973
  21. ^ The Voyage of George Vancouver 1791-1795, Volume 1, editor: W. Kaye Lamb, Hakluyt Society, 1984. p. 3
  22. ^ History of Metropolitan Vancouver
  23. ^ Couverden Island

External links

Further reading

  1. Vancouver A Life: 1757-1798 by George Godwin. Published by D. Appleton and Company, 1931.
  2. Adventures in Two Hemispheres Including Captain Vancouver's Voyage by James Stirrat Marshall and Carrie Marshall. Published by Telex Printing Service, 1955.
  3. The Life and Voyages of Captain George Vancouver by Bern Anderson. Published by University of Washington Press, 1966.
  4. Captain Vancouver: A Portrait of His Life by Alison Gifford. Published by St. James Press, 1986.
  5. Journal of the Voyages of the H. M. S. Discovery and Chatham by Thomas Manby. Published by Ye Galleon Press, 1988.
  6. Vancouver's Voyage: Charting the Northwest Coast, 1791-1795 by Robin Fisher and Gary Fiegehen. Published by Douglas & McIntyre, 1992.
  7. On Stormy Seas, The Triumphs and Torments of Captain George Vancouver by B. Guild Gillespie. Published by Horsdal & Schubart, 1992.
  8. Captain Vancouver: North-West Navigator by E. C. Coleman. Published by Tempus, 2007.
  9. Sailing with Vancouver: A Modern Sea Dog, Antique Charts and a Voyage Through Time by Sam McKinney. Published by Touchwood Editions, 2004.
  10. The Early Exploration of Inland Washington Waters: Journals and Logs from Six Expeditions, 1786-1792 edited by Richard W. Blumenthal. Published by McFarland & Company, 2004.
  11. A Discovery Journal: George Vancouver's First Survey Season - 1792 by John E. Roberts. Published by Trafford Publishing, 2005.
  12. With Vancouver in Inland Washington Waters: Journals of 12 Crewmen April-June 1792 edited by Richard W. Blumenthal. Published by McFarland & Company, 2007.
© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
 Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic