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George Sudarshan
Sudarshan receiving First Prize in Physics from Third World Academy of Sciences in 1985
Sudarshan receiving First Prize in Physics from Third World Academy of Sciences in 1985
Born September 16, 1931
Flag of India Pallam, Kottayam district, Kerala, India
Residence U.S.
Nationality U.S.
Fields Theoretical Physics
Institutions University of Texas at Austin
Indian Institute of Science
IMSc
Harvard University
University of Rochester
TIFR
Alma mater University of Madras
TIFR
University of Rochester
Doctoral advisor Robert Marshak
Known for Sudarshan-Glauber representation
V-A theory of the weak force
Tachyons
Notable awards Padma Vibhushan (2007)
Majorana Prize (2006)
Third World Academy of Sciences Prize, (1985)
Bose Medal, (1977)
CV Raman Award, (1970). A prize is an Award given to a person or a group of people to recognise and reward actions or achievements Physics (Greek Physis - φύσις in everyday terms is the Science of Matter and its motion. TWAS the academy of sciences for the developing world -- until 2004 named Third World Academy of Sciences -- is a merit-based science academy uniting more than 800 scientists Pallam (Pallom is a small village in the Kottayam district of Kerala state South India. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> This article is about the town of Kottayam See Kottayam district also Kerala ( Malayalam: {{Kerala in Malayalam}}; India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Theoretical physics employs Mathematical models and Abstractions of Physics in an attempt to explain experimental data taken of the natural world The Indian Institute of Science ( IISc) is a premier post-graduate institution of research and higher learning located in Bangalore, India. The Institute of Mathematical Sciences (IMSc is a research centre located at Chennai, India. The University of Rochester ( U of R UR) is a private, nonsectarian Coeducational Research University located in Rochester The Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR is a premier institution in India for higher education and research Alma mater is Latin for "nourishing mother" It was used in Ancient Rome as a title for the mother Goddess, and in Medieval The University of Madras is one of the three oldest Universities in India (along with the University of Calcutta and the University of Mumbai The Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR is a premier institution in India for higher education and research The University of Rochester ( U of R UR) is a private, nonsectarian Coeducational Research University located in Rochester A doctorate is an Academic degree that indicates the highest level of academic achievement Robert Eugene Marshak ( October 11, 1916 – December 23, 1992) was an American Physicist dedicated to learning research and education The Glauber-Sudarshan P-representation is a way of writing down the state of any type of Light using the Coherent states as a basis The weak interaction (often called the weak force or sometimes the weak nuclear force) is one of the four Fundamental interactions of nature A tachyon (from the Greek, takhyónion, from, takhýs, ie swift fast is any hypothetical particle that travels at Faster-than-light The Padma Vibhushan is India 's second highest civilian honour TWAS the academy of sciences for the developing world -- until 2004 named Third World Academy of Sciences -- is a merit-based science academy uniting more than 800 scientists
Religious stance Christian

Ennackal Chandy George Sudarshan (E. A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth C. G. Sudarshan) (September 16, 1931, Pallam, in Kottayam district of Kerala, India) is a prominent Indian American physicist, author, and professor at The University of Texas at Austin. Events 1400 - Owain Glyndŵr is declared Prince of Wales by his followers Year 1931 ( MCMXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Pallam (Pallom is a small village in the Kottayam district of Kerala state South India. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> This article is about the town of Kottayam See Kottayam district also Kerala ( Malayalam: {{Kerala in Malayalam}}; India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Indian Americans are Americans who are of Indian ancestry The U

Contents

Education

Sudarshan graduated with honours from the Madras Christian College in 1951. The Madras Christian College in Chennai, South India, is one of the oldest colleges in Asia and was established in 1837 He obtained his master's degree at the University of Madras (India) in 1952. The University of Madras is one of the three oldest Universities in India (along with the University of Calcutta and the University of Mumbai India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Then he moved to Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) and worked there for a brief period with Homi Bhabha as well as others. The Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR is a premier institution in India for higher education and research Subsequently he moved to University of Rochester in New York with Robert Marshak as a graduate student. The University of Rochester ( U of R UR) is a private, nonsectarian Coeducational Research University located in Rochester New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous Robert Eugene Marshak ( October 11, 1916 – December 23, 1992) was an American Physicist dedicated to learning research and education In 1958, he received his Ph.D. degree from the University of Rochester. "PhD" redirects here for other uses see PhD (disambiguation.

Contributions

Sudarshan has made significant contributions to several areas of physics. He was the originator (with Robert Marshak) of the V-A theory of the weak force (also done later by Richard Feynman and Murray Gell-Mann), which eventually paved the way for the electroweak theory. Robert Eugene Marshak ( October 11, 1916 – December 23, 1992) was an American Physicist dedicated to learning research and education The weak interaction (often called the weak force or sometimes the weak nuclear force) is one of the four Fundamental interactions of nature Richard Phillips Feynman (ˈfaɪnmən May 11 1918 – February 15 1988 was an American Physicist known for the Path integral formulation of quantum Murray Gell-Mann (born September 15, 1929) is an American Physicist who received the 1969 Nobel Prize in physics for his work He also developed a quantum representation of coherent light, which is now known as the

Sudarshan's most significant work might be his contribution to the field of quantum optics. In Physics, coherence is a property of waves that enables stationary (i Quantum optics is a field of research in Physics, dealing with the application of Quantum mechanics to phenomena involving Light and its interactions His theorem proves the equivalence of classical wave optics to quantum optics. The theorem makes use of the Sudarshan-Glauber representation. This representation also predicts optical effects that are purely quantum, and cannot be explained classically.

Sudarshan has made significant contributions to many other fields of physics. He was the first to propose the existence of tachyons, particles that travel faster than light. A tachyon (from the Greek, takhyónion, from, takhýs, ie swift fast is any hypothetical particle that travels at Faster-than-light He developed formalism called dynamical maps that is one of the most fundamental formalism to study the theory of open quantum system. In Physics, an open quantum system is a quantum system which is found to be in interaction with an external quantum system the environment. He, in collaboration with Baidyanaith Misra, also proposed the quantum Zeno effect[1]. The quantum Zeno effect is a name coined by George Sudarshan and Baidyanaith Misra of the University of Texas in 1977 in their analysis of the situation

He has taught at the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), University of Rochester, Syracuse University, and Harvard. The Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR is a premier institution in India for higher education and research Syracuse University (SU is a private research university located in Syracuse, New York. From 1969 onwards, he has been a Professor of Physics at The University of Texas at Austin and a Senior Professor at the Indian Institute of Science. The Indian Institute of Science ( IISc) is a premier post-graduate institution of research and higher learning located in Bangalore, India. He worked as the Director of The Institute of Mathematical Sciences (IMSc), Chennai, India for five years during the 1980s dividing his time between India and USA. During his tenure, he transformed it into a centre of excellence. He also met and held many discussions with philosopher J Krishnamurti. Jiddu Krishnamurti ( Telugu: జిడ్డు కృష్ణ మూర్తి or J

His areas of interest include elementary particle physics, quantum optics, quantum information, quantum field theory, gauge field theories, classical mechanics and foundations of physics. Particle physics is a branch of Physics that studies the elementary constituents of Matter and Radiation, and the interactions between them Quantum optics is a field of research in Physics, dealing with the application of Quantum mechanics to phenomena involving Light and its interactions In Quantum mechanics, quantum information is Physical information that is held in the "state" of a Quantum system. In quantum field theory (QFT the forces between particles are mediated by other particles Gauge theory is a peculiar Quantum field theory where the Lagrangian is invariant under certain transformations Classical mechanics is used for describing the motion of Macroscopic objects from Projectiles to parts of Machinery, as well as Astronomical objects He is also deeply interested in Vedanta, on which he lectures frequently. Vedanta ( Devanagari: sa वेदान्त Vedānta) is a spiritual tradition explained in the Upanishads that is concerned with the Self-realisation

Controversy regarding Nobel Prize

There was a controversy involving Sudarshan and the Nobel Prize in Physics for 2005. The Nobel Prize controversies are contentious disputes regarding the Nobel Prize. The Nobel Prize in Physics (Nobelpriset i fysik is awarded once a year by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Several physicists wrote a letter to the Swedish Academy, protesting that Sudarshan should have been awarded a share of the Prize for the Sudarshan-Glauber representation (or Sudarshan diagonal representation) in quantum optics, for which Roy J. Glauber won his share of the prize. The Glauber-Sudarshan P-representation is a way of writing down the state of any type of Light using the Coherent states as a basis Roy Jay Glauber (born 1 September 1925) is an American theoretical Physicist. Because the terms of Alfred Nobel's will restrict the number of Nobel Prize winners to three in a given year, the Nobel Committee has often been criticized for allegedly ignoring scientists who did seminal work on a topic while awarding a prize to other scientists for the same topic. (21 October 1833 Stockholm, Sweden – 10 December 1896 Sanremo, Italy) was a Swedish chemist engineer innovator armaments manufacturer [2]

For the first time, Sudarshan himself has broken his silence over the Nobel controversy. Speaking to the Hindustan Times, he expressed frustration at the way he was ignored for top science honours, saying "The 2005 Nobel prize for Physics was awarded for my work, but I wasn’t the one to get it. Hindustan Times ( HT) is a leading newspaper in India, published since 1924 with roots in the independence movement Each one of the discoveries that the Nobel was given for were based on my research. "[3]

About having been denied the Nobel in 1979 as well, Sudarshan said, "Steven Weinberg, Sheldon Glashow and Abdus Salam built on work I had done as a 26-year-old student. If you give a prize for a building, shouldn’t the fellow who built the first floor be given the prize before those who built the second floor?"

See also Matthew Effect

Awards

In 2007, Sudarshan was awarded the Padma Vibhushan by the Government of India, the highest civilian award after the Bharat Ratna. The " Matthew effect " denotes the phenomenon that "the rich get richer and the poor get poorer" and can be observed in various different contexts where "rich" The Padma Vibhushan is India 's second highest civilian honour

Bibliography

Notes

  1. ^ Sudarshan, E. Tony Rothman (born 1953) is an American theoretical Physicist specializing in Cosmology, and Science fiction writer N Mukunda is a prominent Indian theoretical physicist He is currently working as a senior professor at Centre for High Energy Physics, IISc, Bangalore Robert Eugene Marshak ( October 11, 1916 – December 23, 1992) was an American Physicist dedicated to learning research and education C. G. & Misra, B. , “The Zeno’s paradox in quantum theory”, Journal of Mathematical Physics 18 (4): pp. 756-763 
  2. ^ Zhou, Lulu (December 06, 2005). Events 1060 - Béla I of Hungary is crowned king of Hungary 1240 - Mongol invasion of Rus: Kiev Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Scientists Question Nobel. The Harvard Crimson. Retrieved on 2008-02-22. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1495 - King Charles VIII of France enters Naples to claim the city's throne
  3. ^ Mehta, Neha (April 04, 2007). Events 1581 - Francis Drake completes a circumnavigation of the world and is knighted by Elizabeth I. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Physicist cries foul over Nobel miss. Hindustan Times. Hindustan Times ( HT) is a leading newspaper in India, published since 1924 with roots in the independence movement Retrieved on 2008-02-22. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1495 - King Charles VIII of France enters Naples to claim the city's throne

See also

External links

References

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