George Jacob Holyoake (13 April 1817 - 22 January 1906), English secularist and co-operator, was born in Birmingham, England. Events 1111 - Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor. 1204 - The Fourth Crusade sacks Constantinople Year 1817 ( MDCCCXVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 565 - Eutychius is deposed as Patriarch of Constantinople by John Scholasticus. Year 1906 ( MCMVI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Secularism is generally the assertion that governmental practices or institutions should exist separately from Religion or religious beliefs A worker coperative is a Cooperative owned and democratically controlled by its employees Birmingham ( ˈbɜːmɪŋəm Ber -ming-um England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland He coined the term "secularism" in 1846. Secularism is generally the assertion that governmental practices or institutions should exist separately from Religion or religious beliefs [1]
At an early age he became an Owenite lecturer, and in 1841 was the last person convicted for blasphemy in a public lecture, though this had no theological character and the incriminating words were merely a reply to a question addressed to him from the body of the meeting. Robert Owen (14 May 1771 – 17 Nov 1858 born in Newtown, Montgomeryshire, Wales was a social reformer and one of the founders of Socialism Blasphemy is the disrespectful use of the name of one or more gods.
He nevertheless underwent six months imprisonment, and upon his release invented the inoffensive term secularism as descriptive of his opinions, and established the Reasoner in their support. He was also the last person indicted for publishing an unstamped newspaper, but the prosecution was dropped upon the repeal of the tax.
His later years were chiefly devoted to the promotion of the cooperative movement among lower-class workers. He served as President of the first day of the 1887 Co-operative Congress. The President of Co-operative Congress has been a prominent position in the British co-operative movement. The Co-operative Congress is the a national conference for the UK Co-operative Movement with the first of the modern congresses taking place in 1869 following [2] He wrote the history of the Rochdale Pioneers (1857), The History of Co-operation in England (1875; revised ed. , 1906), and The Co-operative Movement of To-day (1891). He also published (1892) his autobiography, under the title of Sixty Years of an Agitator's Life, and in 1905 two volumes of reminiscences, Bygones worth Remembering. He died at Brighton on January 22, 1906. Brighton ( is a town on the south coast of England and with its neighbour Hove, forms the city of Brighton and Hove. Events 565 - Eutychius is deposed as Patriarch of Constantinople by John Scholasticus. Year 1906 ( MCMVI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Holyoake's papers and publications are held at Bishopsgate Library and the National Co-operative Archive, Manchester. Bishopsgate Library is an independent charity-funded Library located within the Bishopsgate Institute in the City of London.
References
- ^ Feldman, Noah (2005). Divided by God. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, pg. 113
- ^ Congress Presidents 1869-2002, February 2002, <http://archive.co-op.ac.uk/downloadFiles/congressPresidentstable.pdf>. Retrieved on 10 May 2008
- J. McCabe, Life and Letters of G. J. Holyoake (2 vols, 1908); C. W. F. Goss, Descriptive Bibliography of the Writings of G. J. Holyoake (1908).
Writings by G. J. Holyoake
- Rationalism A Treatise for the Times (London: J. Watson, 1845)
- The History of the Last Trial by Jury for Atheism in England A Fragment of Autobiography (London: J. Watson, 1850)
- Christianity and Secularism Report of a Public Discussion Between Rev. Brewin and G. J. Holyoake (London: Ward & co. , 1853)
- Rudiments of Public Speaking and Debate or, Hints on the Application of Logic (New York: McElrath & Barker, 1853)
External links
- Secularism 101: Defining Secularism: Origins with George Jacob Holyoake
- Collection Description of the Holyoake archive, held at the Bishopsgate Institute, London
- Collection Description of the Holyoake archive, held at the National Co-operative Archive, Manchester, UK
This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911 is a 29-volume reference work that marked the beginning of the Encyclopædia Britannica The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone
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