Portrait of George Cruikshank
Wood engraving published in Harper's Weekly newspaper
March 16, 1878

George Cruikshank (September 27, 1792—February 1, 1878) was an English caricaturist and book illustrator. Events 489 - Odoacer attacks Theodoric at the Battle of Verona and is defeated again Year 1792 ( MDCCXCII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Events 1327 - Teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen Year 1878 ( MDCCCLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland A caricaturist is an artist who specializes in drawing Caricatures List of caricaturists Oguz Aral (1936-2004 William Auerback-Levy Born in London, he was a member of the Cruikshank family of caricaturists and artists, the son of Scottish painter and caricaturist Isaac Cruikshank. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. Isaac Cruikshank (1756 - 1811 Scottish painter and caricaturist was born in Edinburgh.

Social caricatures and illustrations

Oliver's reception by Fagin and the boys.
Copperplate engraving, 1838

Cruikshank's early career was renowned for his social caricatures of English life for popular publications such as The Comic Almanack (1835-1853) and Omnibus (1842) but later in his career, his book illustrations for Charles Dickens and many other authors reached an international audience.

He created folios of prints with moralistic themes inspired by the temperance movement. See also Prohibition, Teetotalism The Temperance Movement attempted to reduce the amount of Alcohol consumed within a community or society in The best known of these are The Bottle, 8 plates (1847), with its sequel, The Drunkard's Children, 8 plates (1848), with the ambitious work, The Worship of Bacchus, published by subscription after the artist's oil painting, now in the National Gallery, London.

For Charles Dickens, Cruikshank illustrated Sketches by Boz (1836) and Oliver Twist (1838). Sketches by Boz is a collection of short pieces published by Charles Dickens in 1836. Oliver Twist (1838 is Charles Dickens' second Novel. The book was originally published in Bentley's Miscellany as a serial On December 30, 1871 Cruikshank published a letter in The Times which claimed credit for much of the plot of Oliver Twist. The letter launched a fierce controversy around who created the work. While Dickens was the author, Cruikshank developed many ideas like those that appeared in the book and it is difficult -- if not impossible -- to distinguish his concepts from those of Dickens, which were developed at the same time.

Political caricatures

Snuffing out Boney , 1814

December - A Swallow at Christmas (Rara avis in terris). Napoleon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821 was a French military and political leader who had a significant impact on the History of Europe.
Copperplate engraving published in The Comic Almanack for 1841

Cruikshank’s 60-year career began with political prints that attacked the royal family and leading politicians (in 1820 he received a royal bribe of £100 for a pledge "not to caricature His Majesty" (George III of the United Kingdom) "in any immoral situation"). George III (George William Frederick 4 June 1738 George III's long reign was marked by a series of military conflicts involving his kingdom much of the rest of Europe and places His work included a personification of England named John Bull who was developed from about 1790 in conjunction with other British satirical artists such as James Gillray, and Thomas Rowlandson. John Bull is a National personification of the United Kingdom in general and England in particular originating in the creation of Dr James Gillray, sometimes spelled Gilray (born August 13, 1757 in Chelsea; died June 1, 1815) was a British Thomas Rowlandson ( July 14, 1756 – April 22, 1827) was an English artist and Caricaturist.

Cruikshank replaced one of his major influences, James Gillray, as England's most popular satirist. James Gillray, sometimes spelled Gilray (born August 13, 1757 in Chelsea; died June 1, 1815) was a British For a generation he delineated Tories, Whigs and Radicals impartially. In the political tradition of some English-speaking countries, the term Tory has referred to a variety of political parties and Creeds since it was The Whigs (with the Tories) are often described as one of two political parties in England and later the United Kingdom from the late 17th to Satirical material came to him from every public event—wars abroad, the enemies of Britain (he was highly patriotic), the frolic, among other qualities, such as the weird and terrible, in which he excelled. His hostility to enemies of Britain and a crude racism is evident in his illustrations commissioned to accompany William Maxwell's History of the Irish rebellion in 1798 (1845) where his lurid depictions of incidents in the rebellion were characterised by the simian-like portrayal of Irish rebels. William Hamilton Maxwell (1792 - 1850 was a Scots-Irish Novelist He was born at Newry, and educated at Trinity College Dublin. The Irish Rebellion of 1798 (Éirí Amach 1798 Turn Oot 1798 or 1798 rebellion as it is known locally was an uprising in 1798 lasting several months against the The simians ( Infraorder Simiiformes) are the "higher Primates quot familiar to most people the Monkeys and the Apes including

Dunstan and the Devil	St Dunstan Shoes the Devil	Jacco Macacco at the Westminster-Pit Copperplate engraving, circa 1820.	An unflattering 1819 caricature of the Prince Regent illustrating "The Political House that Jack Built" by William Hone. William Hone ( June 3, 1780 &ndash November 6, 1842) was an English writer satirist and bookseller
"A Splendid Spread", early satire on the crinoline from The Comic Almanack for 1850. 1850s fashion in European and European-influenced Clothing is characterized by an increase in the width of women's Skirts supported by Crinolines or	A young George Cruikshank.	George Cruikshank, Self-Portrait.	Humming-birds--or--a dandy trio. 1819.
Monstrosities of 1818, extravagant clothing styles of men's and women's fashions.	A group of servants gathered in a kitchen, ape the manners of their employers.	Caricature of the Old Bailey	Caricature concerning the prices at the Covent Garden Theater
1813 Caricature showing the Americans as cowardly in face of the British.	Cruikshank cartoon showing George, the Prince Regent, dancing and drinking at a lavish party with another man's wife.

Further reading

• Cruikshank, George. (1980). Graphic Works of George Cruikshank. Dover Publications. ISBN 0-486-23438-X
• Catalogue of Political and Personal Satires Preserved in the Department of Prints and Drawings in the British Museum, Mary Dorothy George. Vol VI 1938, Vol VII, 1942 VOL VIII 1947, VOL IX 1949
• Dictionary of British Cartoonists and caricaturists 1730-1980 Bryant and Heneage, Scolar Press 1994
• The Book Illustrations of George Cruikshank Buchanan-Brown, John. Charles Tuttle 1980
• George Cruikshank A Catalogue Raisonne of the work executed surign the years 1896-1977 Cohn, Albert M . Bookmans Journal, London 1924
• JK Rowling, the creator of the popular of the Harry Potter series used his second name to inspire the cat belonging to Hermione Granger, who is called Crookshanks. Joanne "Jo" Rowling OBE (born 31 July 1965 who writes under the Hermione Jean Granger

External links

• SurLaLune Fairy Tale Pages: Fairy Tale Illustrations of George Cruikshank
• George Cruikshank at Lambiek.net
• Biographical information
• Dickens Illustrators
• George Cruikshank cartoons at CartoonStock (Commercial site)
• Online Gallery of Illustrations by George Cruikshank
• The Comic Almanack fully and openly available through the University of Florida Digital Collections

• This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911 is a 29-volume reference work that marked the beginning of the Encyclopædia Britannica The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone