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See also: Category:Ballets by George Balanchine
George Balanchine
Born Georgy Melitonovich Balanchivadze
January 22, 1904(1904-01-22)
St. Petersburg, Russia
Died April 30, 1983 (aged 79)
New York City, New York
Occupation choreographer, actor, director
Years active 1929 - 1983
Spouse(s) Tamara Geva (1921-1926)
Vera Zorina (1938-1946)
Maria Tallchief (1946-1952)
Tanaquil Le Clerq (1952-1969)

George Balanchine (January 22, 1904 – April 30, 1983), born Giorgi Melitonis dze Balanchivadze (Georgian: გიორგი მელიტონის ძე ბალანჩივაძე) in Saint Petersburg, Russia, to Georgian parents,[1] was one of the 20th century's foremost choreographers, a pioneer of ballet in the United States and co-founder of New York City Ballet: his work created modern ballet, based on his deep knowledge of classical forms and techniques. Events 565 - Eutychius is deposed as Patriarch of Constantinople by John Scholasticus. Year 1904 ( MCMIV) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting on Saint Petersburg ( tr: Sankt-Peterburg,) is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Events 313 - Roman emperor Licinius unifies the entire Eastern Roman Empire under his rule Year 1983 ( MCMLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar) The City of New York Tamara Geva ( 17 March 1907 - 9 December 1997) was a Russian Actress, Ballet dancer and choreographer Vera Zorina (born Eva Brigitta Hartwig on January 2, 1917 in Berlin Germany) was a ballet Dancer and choreographer in Europe Maria Tallchief (born January 24 1925 was an American Ballerina. Events 565 - Eutychius is deposed as Patriarch of Constantinople by John Scholasticus. Year 1904 ( MCMIV) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting on Events 313 - Roman emperor Licinius unifies the entire Eastern Roman Empire under his rule Year 1983 ( MCMLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar) Georgian (ka ქართული ენა kartuli ena) is the Official language of Georgia, a country in the Caucasus. The Georgians (ქართველები kartvelebi) are a Nation and Ethnic group originating in the Caucasus, the oldest group of the See also, Choreography (literally "dance-writing" from the Greek words "χορεία" (circular dance see chorea) and "γραφή" New York State Theater by David Shankbonejpg|thumb|300px| New York State Theater]] New York City Ballet ( NYCB) is a Ballet company founded in 1948 by [2] He was a choreographer known for his musicality; he did not illustrate music but expressed it in dance and worked extensively with Igor Stravinsky, his contemporary. Igor Fyodorovich Stravinsky (Игорь Фёдорович Стравинский) ( &ndash 6 April 1971 was a Russian born Composer, considered by many to

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Russia

Balanchine's father, noted Georgian composer Meliton Balanchivadze (1862–1937), was one of the founders of the Georgian Opera. Meliton Balanchivadze (მელიტონ ბალანჩივაძე ( December 24, 1862 – December 21, 1937) was a Georgian George's brother, Andria Balanchivadze (1906–1992), became a well-known Georgian composer. Andria Balanachivadze (ანდრია ბალანჩივაძე ( May 19, 1906 – April 28, 1992) was a Georgian composer As a child, Balanchine was not particularly interested in ballet. However, his mother possessed a deep love for the art and had the young Giorgi audition with his sister, who shared her mother's passion for ballet. Since his family was mostly comprised of composers and soldiers, it was said that Balanchine could always follow family tradition and enroll in the military if it turned out he wasn't talented at dancing.

In 1913 (at age nine) Balanchine moved from rural Finland to Saint Petersburg and was enrolled in the Imperial Ballet School, principal school of the Imperial Ballet, where he studied under Pavel Gerdt and Samuil Andrianov (Pavel's son-in-law). The Vaganova Ballet Academy is probably the most famous and influential Classical ballet school in the world The Mariinsky Ballet, is an internationally renowned Classical ballet company based at the Mariinsky Theatre in St Petersburg, Russia. Pavel Andreyevich Gerdt, also known as Paul Gerdt (near St Peterburg, Russia, 22 November 1844 — Vamaloki, Finland [3] With the victory of the Bolsheviks in the revolution, the school was disbanded as an offensive symbol of the Tsarist regime. See also Russian Revolution (1905 The Russian Revolution of 1916 refers to a series of popular revolutions in Russia, and the events surrounding them To survive the privation and martial law of this period, Balanchine played the piano — for food, not for money — at cabarets and silent movie theatres. Martial law is the system of rules that takes effect when the military takes control of the normal administration of justice Eventually the Imperial Ballet School reopened with greatly reduced funding. After graduating with honours in 1921, Balanchine enrolled in the Petrograd Conservatory in tandem with his corps de ballet duties at The State Academic Theatre for Opera and Ballet (formerly the State Theater of Opera and Ballet). The NA Rimsky-Korsakov Saint Petersburg State Conservatory ( Russian: Санкт-Петербургская государственная консерватория имени In Ballet, the corps de ballet (from French, body of the ballet) is the group of dancers who are not soloists The Mariinsky Ballet, is an internationally renowned Classical ballet company based at the Mariinsky Theatre in St Petersburg, Russia. In 1922 when Balanchine was eighteen, he married Tamara Geva, a fifteen year old dancer. Tamara Geva ( 17 March 1907 - 9 December 1997) was a Russian Actress, Ballet dancer and choreographer His studies at the conservatory included advanced piano, music theory, counterpoint, harmony, and composition. Balanchine graduated from the conservatory in 1923, and he was a member of the corps until 1924.

While still in his teens, Balanchine choreographed his first work, a pas de deux called La Nuit (1920, music by Anton Rubinstein). See also Pas de trois In Ballet, a pas de deux ( French, step/dance for two) is a duet in which ballet steps are performed together This article is about the 19th century Russian pianist and composer This was followed by another duet, Enigma, danced in bare feet. In 1923, with fellow dancers, he formed a small ensemble, the Young Ballet. The choreography proved too experimental for the new authorities, who strongly encouraged the group to disband. On a trip to East Prussia with the Soviet State Dancers, Balanchine, Tamara Geva, Alexandra Danilova, and Nicholas Efimov defected to the west and fled to Paris in 1924. Aleksandra Dionisyevna Danilova ( November 20, 1903 - July 13, 1997) was a Russian-born Prima ballerina assoluta who became an American Serge Diaghilev, another Russian exile, asked Balanchine to join his Ballets Russes as a choreographer. Sergei Pavlovich Diaghilev (Серге́й Па́влович Дя́гилев / Sergei Pavlovich Dyagilev) also referred to as Serge, ( March 31, See also Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo, The Ballets Russes ( French for The Russian Ballets) was a Ballet company established [4]

Ballets Russes

Men of the Ballet Russe 2007 Gala Tribute "To cross time and oceans with Balanchine and Diaghilev your oldest friends, is how to live one's life."
Men of the Ballet Russe 2007 Gala Tribute "To cross time and oceans with Balanchine and Diaghilev your oldest friends, is how to live one's life. See also List of ballets by George Balanchine, George Balanchine (January 22 1904 &ndash April 30 1983 born Giorgi Melitonis dze Balanchivadze Sergei Pavlovich Diaghilev (Серге́й Па́влович Дя́гилев / Sergei Pavlovich Dyagilev) also referred to as Serge, ( March 31, "

Diaghilev soon promoted Balanchine to balletmaster of the company, and allowed him to develop his own choreography. See also, ' Ballet Master' ( Balletmaster, Ballet Mistress. Premier Maître de ballet or Premier Maître de ballet en Chef) Between 1924 and Diaghilev's death in 1929, Balanchine created nine ballets, as well as smaller choreographies. Unfortunately, he also suffered a serious knee injury at this time, which limited his dancing and effectively ended his performance career. In 1926 Balanchine and Tamara Geva divorced. Shortly after, Balanchine commenced a relationship with dancer Alexandra Danilova which lasted a few years. Aleksandra Dionisyevna Danilova ( November 20, 1903 - July 13, 1997) was a Russian-born Prima ballerina assoluta who became an American Danilova is considered his second wife.

After Diaghilev's death the Ballets Russes fell into disarray. Balanchine began to stage dances for the Cochran Revues in London, and was retained by the Royal Danish Ballet in Copenhagen as guest ballet master. The Royal Danish Ballet is one of the oldest Ballet troupes in Europe. Copenhagen (ˌkəʊpənˈheɪgən ˌkəʊpənˈhɑːgən ˈkəʊpənˌheɪgən ˈkəʊpənˌhɑːgən kʰøb̥ənˈhɑʊ̯ˀn kʰøb̥m̩ˈhɑʊ̯ˀn is the capital and largest city He returned to the Ballets Russes when it settled in Monte Carlo, resuming his post as ballet master for the new Ballets Russes de Monte Carlo, and choreographed three ballets: Cotillon, La Concurrence, and Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme. Monte-Carlo ( Occitan: Montcarles, Monégasque: Monte-Carlu) is one of Monaco 's various administrative areas sometimes erroneously His muse in Monte Carlo was the young Tamara Toumanova, one of the original "Baby Ballerinas". Tamara Toumanova ( March 2 1919 - May 29 1996) was a Ballerina and actress. The Baby Ballerinas were 3 young leading principal dancers of the Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo in the 1930's

When René Blum passed control of the company to Colonel W. René Blum ( Paris, 13 March 1878 - Auschwitz, 30 April 1943) Choreographer, was the founder of the Ballet de Basil, Balanchine again left the Ballets Russes. This time he formed his own company, Les Ballets 1933, with the financial backing of Edward James and Diaghilev's former secretary and companion Boris Kochno as an advisor. Edward William Frank James (1907&ndash1984 was a British Poet known for his Patronage of the surrealist art movement See also Boris Kochno ( January 3, 1904, Moscow — December 8, 1990, Paris was a Russian poet dancer and The company lasted only a couple of months in 1933, but in that time several new choreographies were conceived by Balanchine, including artistic collaborations with Bertolt Brecht, Kurt Weill, Pavel Tchelitchew, Darius Milhaud, and Henri Sauget. (born; 10 February 1898&ndash14 August 1956 was a German Poet, Playwright, and Theatre director. WikipediaWikiProject Composers#Lead section --> Kurt Julian Weill ( March 2, 1900 &ndash April 3, Pavel Tchelitchew ( Russian Павел Фёдорович Челищев ( 21 September 1898, Moscow - 31 July 1957, Darius Milhaud (darjys mijo (September 4 1892 &ndash June 22 1974 was a French Composer and teacher Henri Sauguet ( 18 May, 1901 - June 22 1989) was a French Composer.

It was after a performance by Les Ballets 1933 that Lincoln Kirstein, an American arts patron with a dream of establishing a ballet company in the U. Lincoln Edward Kirstein ( May 4, 1907 - January 5, 1996) was an American S. , met and quickly persuaded Balanchine to move to the United States. By October of that year, Balanchine had landed overseas for the first time and launched his influence on the character of American dance.

United States

Architect Philip Johnson designed the New York State Theater to the specifications of Balanchine
Architect Philip Johnson designed the New York State Theater to the specifications of Balanchine

Upon arriving in the United States, Balanchine insisted that his first project would be to establish a ballet school. Philip Cortelyou Johnson (July 8 1906&ndash January 25 2005 was an influential American Architect. The New York State Theater (to be renamed in 2008 the David H With the support of Lincoln Kirstein and Edward M. M. Warburg, the School of American Ballet opened its doors to students on January 2, 1934, less than 3 months after Balanchine arrived in the U. The School of American Ballet (SAB is the official school of the New York City Ballet. Events 366 - The Alamanni cross the frozen Rhine River in large numbers invading the Roman Empire. Year 1934 ( MCMXXXIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full 1934 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. S. The students premiered Serenade (ballet) at the Warburg's summer estate later that year. See also List of New York City Ballet repertory, NYCB 2009 Winter Repertory, NYCB 2008 Winter Repertory Serenade is a ballet by During the 1930s and 1940s, in between his ballet activities, Balanchine worked as a choreographer for musical theater (with such notables as Richard Rodgers, Lorenz Hart and Vernon Duke). Richard Charles Rodgers ( June 28, 1902, Arverne Queens, New York City &ndash December 30, 1979, New York Lorenz "Larry" Hart ( May 2, 1895 &ndash November 22, 1943) was the lyricist half of the famed Broadway songwriting team Vernon Duke ( — January 16, 1969) was a Russian American Composer / Songwriter, who also wrote under his original name He greatly admired Fred Astaire, describing him as "the most interesting, the most inventive, the most elegant dancer of our times. Fred Astaire (born Frederick Austerlitz; May 10, 1899 &ndash June 22, 1987) was an American Academy Award . . you see a little bit of Astaire in everybody's dancing—a pause here, a move there. It was all Astaire originally. "[1]

In 1935, Balanchine formed a professional company called the American Ballet. See also New York City Ballet American Ballet was the first professional Ballet company George Balanchine created in the United States After failing to mount a tour, the company began performing at the Metropolitan Opera House. The Metropolitan Opera Association of New York City, founded in April 1880 is a major presenter of all types of opera including Grand Opera. After being allowed to stage only two dance performances (Orfeo and Eurydice in 1936, and an evening of dance choreographed to the music of Igor Stravinsky in 1937), Balanchine moved the company to Hollywood in 1938. Orfeo ed Euridice (French version Orphée et Eurydice; English translation Orpheus and Eurydice) is an Opera composed by Christoph Willibald Igor Fyodorovich Stravinsky (Игорь Фёдорович Стравинский) ( &ndash 6 April 1971 was a Russian born Composer, considered by many to Upon arriving at Los Angeles's Union Station, Balanchine was met by the press. He rented a white two-story house on North Fairfax Ave not far from Hollywood Boulevard with Kopeikine. The company reconvened as the American Ballet Caravan and toured North and South America. See also New York City Ballet American Ballet was the first professional Ballet company George Balanchine created in the United States South America is a Continent of the Americas, situated entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a It folded after several years. Balanchine served as resident choreographer for the Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo from 1944 to 1946.

Soon he formed a new dance company, the Ballet Society, again with the generous help of Lincoln Kirstein. New York State Theater by David Shankbonejpg|thumb|300px| New York State Theater]] New York City Ballet ( NYCB) is a Ballet company founded in 1948 by After it had several successful performances, and unsuccessful ones, the New York City Center for Music and Drama offered the company the position of resident company at the center. New York City Center, historically known as City Center of Music and Drama, and also known as New York City Center 55th Street Theater, is a 2750-seat Moorish With that arrangement, Ballet Society became the New York City Ballet in 1948. New York State Theater by David Shankbonejpg|thumb|300px| New York State Theater]] New York City Ballet ( NYCB) is a Ballet company founded in 1948 by Balanchine's 1954 staging of The Nutcracker, performed every year in New York City during the Christmas season, has made the ballet a Christmas tradition in the United States, and money-making tradition for most of the companies which perform it. The Nutcracker (Щелкунчик Shchelkunchik) Op 71 is a Fairy tale - Ballet in two acts three scenes by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky "Christmas season" redirects here For other uses see Christmas season (disambiguation.

In the 1960s, Balanchine fell deeply in love with the young dancer Suzanne Farrell. Suzanne Farrell (born August 16, 1945) one of the most noted Ballerinas of the 20th century and the founder of the Suzanne Farrell Ballet He created many ballets for her, including Don Quixote (with his playing the Don, and Farrell, Dulcinea), and the Diamonds section of the full-length ballet Jewels. Don Quixote is a ballet originally staged in four acts and eight scenes based on an episode taken from the famous novel Don Quixote de la Mancha by See also List of New York City Ballet repertory, NYCB 2008 Winter Repertory, NYCB 2008 Spring Repertory Jewels is a ballet in three Some ballerinas, including his former wife Maria Tallchief, quit, citing Farrell as the reason. Maria Tallchief (born January 24 1925 was an American Ballerina. Balanchine obtained a Mexican divorce from Le Clercq, only to discover Farrell had married NYCB dancer, Paul Meija. In 1970 both Farrell and her husband quit the company. They then moved to Brussels and joined Maurice Bejart's dance company. Maurice Béjart ( January 1, 1927 – November 22, 2007) was a French and Swiss Choreographer who ran the In 1975, Farrell returned to the NYCB.

In 1978 George Balanchine received the Kennedy Center Honors Award, the first year the awards were given. In 1983, Balanchine died of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, diagnosed only after his death. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease ( CJD) is a very rare and incurable degenerative neurological disorder ( Brain Disease) that is ultimately He first showed symptoms in 1978 when he began losing his balance while dancing. As the disease progressed, his equilibrium, eyesight and hearing deteriorated. By 1982 he was incapacitated. He died the following year at the age of 79 in New York City, NY, USA. [5] In his last years, Balanchine also suffered from angina and underwent heart bypass surgery. Angina pectoris, commonly known as angina, is severe Chest pain due to Ischemia (a lack of blood and hence Oxygen supply of the heart Coronary artery bypass surgery, also coronary artery bypass graft surgery, and colloquially heart bypass or bypass surgery is a surgical procedure

After his divorce from Tamara Geva, Balanchine married and divorced three more times. All were dancers: Vera Zorina (December 1938–1946), Maria Tallchief (1946–1952), and Tanaquil LeClerq (1952–1969), as was his common-law wife, Alexandra Danilova (1926–1933). Vera Zorina (born Eva Brigitta Hartwig on January 2, 1917 in Berlin Germany) was a ballet Dancer and choreographer in Europe Maria Tallchief (born January 24 1925 was an American Ballerina. Tanaquil LeClerq (b 2 October 1929 Paris - d 2000 New York City was a principal dancer with the New York City Ballet, but her dancing career was ended when she was Aleksandra Dionisyevna Danilova ( November 20, 1903 - July 13, 1997) was a Russian-born Prima ballerina assoluta who became an American He had no children.

Choreographed work

for the Ballets Russes

for the Ballets Russes de Monte-Carlo

for Les Ballets

for the American Ballet:

for Broadway:

This dramatic ballet served as the climax of this musical production and has subsequently been presented as a stand-alone piece; however, several of the sung numbers in the show featured dance routines as well, notably the title number. See also List of New York City Ballet repertory, NYCB 2008 Winter Repertory, NYCB 2008 Spring Repertory La Sonnambula See also List of New York City Ballet repertory, NYCB 2009 Winter Repertory, NYCB 2008 Winter Repertory Serenade is a ballet by History The Follies were lavish Revues something between later Broadway shows and a more elaborate high class Vaudeville Variety show. On Your Toes (1936 is a musical with a book by Richard Rodgers, George Abbott, and Lorenz Hart, music by Rodgers and lyrics Richard Charles Rodgers ( June 28, 1902, Arverne Queens, New York City &ndash December 30, 1979, New York Lorenz "Larry" Hart ( May 2, 1895 &ndash November 22, 1943) was the lyricist half of the famed Broadway songwriting team See also List of New York City Ballet repertory, NYCB 2009 Winter Repertory Slaughter on Tenth Avenue is a ballet with music by Richard Rodgers

for American Ballet Caravan:

for the Ballet del Teatro de Colón:

for the Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo:

for the Ballet Theatre:

for the Ballet Society:

for the Paris Opera Ballet:

for the Grand Ballet du Marquis de Cuevas:

for New York City Ballet:

for New York City Opera:

Notes

  1. ^ NY Times article by Anna Kisselgoff, June 29, 2004
  2. ^ Joseph Horowitz (2008). New York State Theater by David Shankbonejpg|thumb| New York State Theater]] The New York City Opera (NYCO is based in Philip Johnson 's New York State See also List of New York City Ballet repertory Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme is a ballet made by New York City Ballet co-founder and balletmaster Events 512 - A Solar eclipse is recorded by a monastic chronicler in Ireland. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Artists in Exile: How Refugees from Twentieth-Century War and Revolution Transformed the American Performing Arts. HarperCollins. ISBN 006074846X
  3. ^ Joseph Horowitz (2008). Artists in Exile: How Refugees from Twentieth-Century War and Revolution Transformed the American Performing Arts. HarperCollins. ISBN 006074846X
  4. ^ Joseph Horowitz (2008). Artists in Exile: How Refugees from Twentieth-Century War and Revolution Transformed the American Performing Arts. HarperCollins. ISBN 006074846X
  5. ^ Encyclopedia Brittanica, retrieved May 27, 2008. Events 927 - Simeon the Great, Tsar of Bulgaria, dies 1120 - Richard III of Capua is anointed 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
  6. ^ Balanchine created ballet sequences for Ravel's opera L'enfant et les sortilèges to Colette's libretto with what Ravel described as "Russian dancers", presumably from the Ballets Russes for the 1925 Monte Carlo premiere; this is not however listed as a Ballets Russes production. L'enfant et les sortilèges Fantaisie lyrique en deux parties ( The Child and the Spells A Lyric Fantasy in Two Parts) is an Opera in one act with music Colette was the pen name of the French Novelist Sidonie-Gabrielle Colette ( January 28 1873 &ndash August 3 See also Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo, The Ballets Russes ( French for The Russian Ballets) was a Ballet company established Year 1925 ( MCMXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Monte-Carlo ( Occitan: Montcarles, Monégasque: Monte-Carlu) is one of Monaco 's various administrative areas sometimes erroneously

External links

Further reading


Persondata
NAME Balanchine, George
ALTERNATIVE NAMES
SHORT DESCRIPTION Russian-American choreographer and ballet master and master teacher
DATE OF BIRTH Spring January 22, 1904
PLACE OF BIRTH Lomonosov, Russia, Georgia
DATE OF DEATH April 30, 1983
PLACE OF DEATH New York City, New York, United States
Events 565 - Eutychius is deposed as Patriarch of Constantinople by John Scholasticus. Year 1904 ( MCMIV) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting on Lomonosov (Ломоно́сов before 1948 Oranienbaum, ru Ораниенба́ум is a town under the jurisdiction of St Georgia ( საქართველო, Sakartvelo) is a Transcontinental country in the Caucasus region situated at the dividing line between Events 313 - Roman emperor Licinius unifies the entire Eastern Roman Empire under his rule Year 1983 ( MCMLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar) The City of New York New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous The United States of America —commonly referred to as the
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