Georg Schumann (born 28 November 1886 in Leipzig-Reudnitz, Saxony; died 11 January 1945 in Dresden) was a German Communist and resistance fighter against the Nazi régime. The German Democratic Republic ( GDR; Deutsche Demokratische Republik DDR; commonly known in English as East Germany) was a Socialist state For the town in Argentina, see 28 de Noviembre. Events Year 1886 ( MDCCCLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common This sort of fix restores section edit linkpoints to where they belong The Free State of Saxony (Freistaat Sachsen ˈzaksən Swobodny Stat Sakska is the easternmost federal state of Germany. Events 1055 - Theodora is crowned Empress of the Byzantine Empire. Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar Dresden (etymologically from Old Sorbian Drežďany, meaning people of the riverside forest, Drježdźany is the Capital city of the German The German people (Deutsche are an Ethnic group, in the sense of sharing a common German culture, descent and speaking the German language as Communism is a Socioeconomic structure that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless Society based The German Resistance refers to those individuals and groups in Nazi Germany who opposed the regime of Adolf Hitler between 1933 and 1945 Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers
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Life
Imperial Germany
Even Georg Schumann's father was a socialist. Socialism refers to a broad set of economic theories of social organization advocating state or collective ownership and administration of the Means of production and distribution The skilled toolmaker joined the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) in 1905, and was chosen to be shop steward in Jena in 1907. Tool and die makers are highly skilled workers in the manufacturing industry. Year 1905 ( MCMV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Jena (pronunciation ˈjeːna is a university City in central Germany on the river Saale. Year 1907 ( MCMVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year In 1912, he went to the Social Democratic Party School in Jena, where Rosa Luxemburg discovered his journalistic gifts. Year 1912 ( MCMXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting Rosa Luxemburg (Róża Luksemburg 5 March 1870 or 1871 15 January 1919 was a Polish-born Jewish German Marxist theorist, socialist Journalism is the profession of writing or communicating formally employed by publications and broadcasters for the benefit of a particular Community of people The SPD posted him at the Leipziger Volkszeitung newspaper in 1913 as editor. A newspaper is a written Publication containing News, information and Advertising, usually printed on low-cost paper called Newsprint. Year 1913 ( MCMXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common During the First World War, Schumann joined the Gruppe Internationale (see Spartacist League) founded by Luxemburg, Karl Liebknecht and Clara Zetkin and agitated in the Leipziger Arbeiterjugend (Leipzig Working Youth) against the war. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All The Spartacist League ( Spartakusbund in German) was a left-wing Marxist revolutionary movement organized in Germany ( August 13, 1871 - January 15, 1919) was a German Socialist and a co-founder of the Spartacist League and the Communist Clara Zetkin, maiden name Eissner ( 5 July 1857 - 20 June 1933) was an influential socialist German politician In 1916, he was conscripted, and for doing illegal work for the Spartacist League within the army, he was sentenced to imprisonment. Year 1916 ( MCMXVI) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year One of his soldier guards was the later Communist revolutionary Max Hoelz, whom Schumann acquainted with socialism's fundamentals.
Weimar Republic
In November 1918, Schumann led the Spartacist League in Leipzig and in 1919 was elected Political Leader of the KPD Leipzig District, and in 1921 Political Leader of the KPD Halle-Merseburg District and the local Prussian Landtag member. Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1919 ( MCMXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1921 ( MCMXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1921 calendar of the Gregorian calendar Halle is the largest city in the German State of Saxony-Anhalt. Merseburg is a Town in the south of the German state of Saxony-Anhalt on the river Saale, approx Preußischer Landtag or Prussian Landtag was the Prussian diet which existed from the 15th century to the 20th century in various forms and states in the In 1923, the Party Congress chose him for a position in the Party's Central Committee. Year 1923 ( MCMXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. In the factional struggles after the KPD's so-called "October Defeat" in 1923, Schumann joined the so-called Middle Group. The ultraleftists did not choose him again for the Central Committee position in 1924, and he had to give up the Reichstag mandate that he had won in May 1924. Year 1924 ( MCMXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Reichstag ( German for "Imperial Diet " was the Parliament of the Holy Roman Empire, the North German Confederation, In late 1924, his Landtag mandate expired, and along with it, his immunity. Since he had been a member of the KPD Central Committee, he was persecuted by the police. Persecution is the systematic mistreatment of an individual/group by another group Police are agents or agencies usually of the executive, empowered to enforce the law and to effect public and social order through the legitimatized use of force He emigrated in early 1925 to Moscow. Year 1925 ( MCMXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of In March 1926, he returned to Germany to become Party leader in Halle-Merseburg once again, but instead he was arrested, and spent almost a year in pre-trial custody. Year 1926 ( MCMXXVI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. In 1927, he was chosen to be in the Central Committee again, and he became Political Leader in West Saxony (Leipzig), and in 1928, a Member of the Reichstag. Year 1927 ( MCMXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1928 ( MCMXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. In the factional struggles in 1929, he once again sided with the Middle Group, the so-called Versöhnler (roughly "conciliators"). Year 1929 ( MCMXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The victorious left wing about Ernst Thälmann therefore removed him from his post as Leader in West Saxony over storms of protest. Ernst Thälmann ( April 16, 1886 &ndash August 18, 1944) was the leader of the Communist Party of Germany (KPD during much of the In late 1929, he submitted to the Thälmann line. In 1930-1933, he was once again a Member of the Reichstag, and busied himself above all with the Communist jobless workers' movement. Year 1930 ( MCMXXX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1933 ( MCMXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
Resistance
After the party was banned in March 1933, Schumann led the illegal resistance work in Breslau, and was arrested by the Nazis and sentenced to three years in labour prison (Zuchthaus). Wrocław (Breslau Vratislav Vratislavia or Wratislavia Yiddish: ברעסלוי) is the chief City of the historical region of Lower Silesia After finishing his sentence, they confined him until early 1939 in Sachsenhausen concentration camp. Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Sachsenhausen (zaksənˈhaʊzən was a Concentration camp in Germany, operating between 1936 and 1945 After he was released, he worked once again as a toolmaker in Leipzig.
Beginning in 1941, he built up, together with Otto Engert and Kurt Kresse, one of the biggest Communist resistance groups, the so-called Schumann-Engert-Kresse Group. Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. They were roughly oriented along the same lines as the National Committee Free Germany (NKFD), but, as the Moscow KPD Leadership in Exile was also doing at this time, they had a noticeable tendency to play down their socialist goals, such as nationalizing large industries, similar to that seen with the Knöchel-Seng Group in the Ruhr area. The National Committee for a Free Germany (Nationalkomitee Freies Deutschland or NKFD) was a German anti- Nazi organization that operated in the Soviet Nationalization, also spelled nationalisation, is the act of taking an industry or assets into the Public ownership of a national government The Ruhr Area, ( German Ruhrgebiet, colloquial Ruhrpott, Kohlenpott or Revier) is an Urban area in North Rhine-Westphalia In the summer of 1944, the wave of Gestapo arrests began in the wake of the failed July 20 Plot. Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The ( contraction of ge heime Sta ats' po' lizei: "Secret State Police" was the official Secret police of Nazi Germany In July, both Schumann and Engert were also arrested. Both were severely tortured so that they would yield up further members' names. Torture, according to the United Nations Convention Against Torture, is "any act by which severe pain or suffering, whether physical or mental is intentionally They remained steadfast, however, thereby saving many of their comrades' lives. On 23 November 1944, the Volksgerichtshof sentenced Georg Schumann to death, and on 11 January 1945, he was put to death in Dresden. Events 800 - Charlemagne arrives at Rome to investigate the alleged crimes of The People's Court (Volksgerichtshof was a court established in 1934 by German Dictator Adolf Hitler, who had been dissatisfied with the outcome of the Events 1055 - Theodora is crowned Empress of the Byzantine Empire. Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar
Honours
Since 1945, a main street in Leipzig, the highway leading towards Schkeuditz and Halle, part of Bundesstraße 6 has borne the name Georg-Schumann-Straße. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Before adding any more images to this * * page please do carefully consider * * whether they would be mere decoration * * or actually improve Schkeuditz (ˈʃkɔʏ̯dɪts is a town in the district of Nordsachsen, in the Free State of Saxony, Germany. Halle is the largest city in the German State of Saxony-Anhalt. From 1972 until 1991, a barracks of East Germany's National People's Army in Leipzig's Möckern neighbourhood bore the name Georg-Schumann-Kaserne. Year 1972 ( MCMLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. The German Democratic Republic ( GDR; Deutsche Demokratische Republik DDR; commonly known in English as East Germany) was a Socialist state History The creation of the National People’s Army on March 1, 1956, six months after the formation of the West German Bundeswehr, followed years Also here was a memorial to Schumann, which has since been torn down. There is a primary school in Leipzig, however, which is still called Georg-Schumann-Schule.
Literature
- Hermann Weber: Die Wandlung des deutschen Kommunismus. Bd. 2, Frankfurt 1969, S. 296f
External links
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