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This article is about the people and dialect of Tyneside. For other uses, see Geordie (disambiguation).

Geordie (pronounced /ˈdʒɔrdi/) refers to a regional nickname for a person from the vicinity of Tyneside[1] region of England, or to the dialect of English spoken by these people. The list of regional nicknames includes Nicknames for people based on their locality of origin (birthplace place of permanent residence or family roots Tyneside is a Conurbation in northern England, which is home to over 80% of the Metropolitan county of Tyne and Wear. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland A dialect (from the Greek word διάλεκτος dialektos) is a variety of a Language that is characteristic of a particular group of English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States Depending on who is using the term, the catchment area for Geordie can be as wide as the general northeast of England, or as small as the city of Newcastle, or ranges in-between. North-East England is one of the nine official Regions of England and comprises the combined area of Northumberland, County Durham, Tyne and Wear England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Newcastle upon Tyne ( (often shortened to Newcastle) is a city and Metropolitan borough of Tyne and Wear, England

In recent times the label of geordie has been claimed as offensive to some people from the Sunderland region. Many people have the view that stereotype Geordies are a group of miners from Newcastle who spend their days growing huge leeks in their gardens. Obviously this is not true. [2]

In recent times the term "Geordie", has been used to refer to a supporter of Newcastle United football club. Newcastle United Football Club (also known as The Magpies or The Toon) is an English football club based in Newcastle upon Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered [3]

Contents

Derivation of the term

A number of rival theories explain how the term came about, though all accept that it derives from a familiar diminutive form of the name "George,"[4] with George (called Geordie, but written George) once being the most popular eldest son's name in families in the north east of England. [5]

Geordie. . . . . Translated in Ancient tongue to 'He of little knowledge'

One explanation is that it was established during the Jacobite Rebellion of 1745. Jacobitism was (and to a limited extent remains the political movement dedicated to the restoration of the Stuart kings to the thrones of England, Scotland The Jacobites declared that the natives of Newcastle were staunch supporters of the Hanoverian kings, in particular of George II during the 1745 rebellion. The House of Hanover (the Hanoverians) is a Germanic royal Dynasty which has ruled the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg George II (George Augustus 10 November 1683 &ndash 25 October 1760 was King of Great Britain and Ireland, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg ( This contrasted with rural Northumbria, which largely supported the Jacobite cause. If true, the term may have derived from a popular anti-Hanoverian song ("Cam ye ower frae France?"[6]), which calls the first Hanoverian king "Geordie Whelps", meaning "George the Guelph". See also Elder House of Welf The House of Welf (or House of Guelph) is a European Dynasty that has included many German and British

Another explanation for the name is that local miners in the north east of England used "Geordie" safety lamps, designed by George Stephenson[7] in 1815, rather than the "Davy lamps" designed by Humphry Davy which were used in other mining communities. Mining is the extraction of valuable Minerals or other geological materials from the earth usually (but not always from an Ore body The Geordie lamp was invented by George Stephenson in 1815 as a solution to explosions due to Firedamp in Coal mines Although controversy arose George Stephenson ( 9 June 1781 &ndash 12 August 1848) was an English Civil engineer and mechanical engineer The Davy lamp is a Safety lamp containing a candle devised in 1815 by Sir Humphry Davy. Sir Humphry Davy 1st Baronet FRS MRIA (17 December 1778 &ndash 29 May 1829 was a British Chemist and inventor

Using the chronological order of two John Trotter Brockett books:

1. Brockett, John Trotter (1829). A Glossary Of North Country Words In Use With Their Etymology And Affinity To Other Languages And Occasional Notices Of local Customs And Popular Superstitions. E. Charnley, page 131.  “GEORDIE, George-a very common name among the pitmen. “How ! Geordie man ! how is’t”” ;

2. Brockett, John T. (1846). A Glossary of North Country Words, page 187.  “GEORDIE, George-a very common name among the pitmen. “How ! Geordie man ! how is’t” The Pitmen have given the name of Geordie to Mr George Stephenson's lamp in contra-distinction of the Davy, or Sir Humphrey Davy's Lamp. ” 

Geordie was given to North East pit men, later Brockett acknowledges the pitmen christened their Stephenson lamp ‘Geordie’. [5][8]

Wales[9] also predates the Oxford English Dictionary, she observes that "Geordy" and "Geordie" was a common name given to pit-men in ballads and songs of the region, noting that one such turns up as early as 1793. The Oxford English Dictionary ( OED) published by the Oxford University Press (OUP is a comprehensive Dictionary of the English It occurs in the titles of two songs by song-writer Joe Wilson (1841–1875): Geordy, Haud the Bairn and Keep your Feet Still, Geordie. Citing such examples as the song Geordy Black written by Rowland Harrison of Gateshead, she contends that, as a consequence of popular culture, the miner and the keelman had become icons of the region in the 19th century, and "Geordie" was a label that "affectionately and proudly reflected this", replacing the earlier ballad emblem, the figure of Bob Crankie.

Newcastle publisher Frank Graham's Geordie Dictionary states:

"The origin of the word Geordie has been a matter of much discussion and controversy. All the explanations are fanciful and not a single piece of genuine evidence has ever been produced. "

In Graham's many years of research, the earliest record he has found of the terms use was in 1823 by local comedian, Billy Purvis. A comedian or comic is a person who seeks to entertain an audience primarily by making them laugh Purvis had set up a booth at the Newcastle Races on the Town Moor. This article is about the sport For other uses see Horserace (drinking game or Horse race (politics. The Town Moor is a large area of Common land in Newcastle upon Tyne. In an angry tirade against a rival showman, who had hired a young pitman called Tom Johnson to dress as a clown, Billy cried out to the clown:

"Ah man, wee but a feul wad hae sold off his furnitor and left his wife. Mining is the extraction of valuable Minerals or other geological materials from the earth usually (but not always from an Ore body Clowns are comic performers stereotypically characterized by their Grotesque appearance colored wigs stylistic makeup, outlandish Costumes unusually Noo, yor a fair doon reet feul, not an artificial feul like Billy Purvis! Thous a real Geordie! gan man an hide thysel! gan an' get thy picks agyen. Thou may de for the city, but never for the west end o' wor toon. "[10]
(Rough translation: "Oh man, who but a fool would have sold off his furniture and left his wife? Now, you're a fair downright fool, not an artificial fool like Billy Purvis! You're a real Geordie! Go, man, and hide yourself! Go and get your pick (axes) again. You may do for the city, but never for the west end of our town!")

(/aː mæn )

Graham is backed up historically by Hotten (1869). [11]

The definition of Geordie as around the Tyne communities was not always the case, as Geordie has been documented for at least 180 to 240 years as meaning the whole of the North East of England. (As referenced in Camden Hotten, John (1869). John Camden Hotten ( 1832 - 1873) was a compiler of English language dictionary of Slang. The Slang Dictionary, Or Vulgar Words, Street Phrases And Fast Expressions of High and Low Society. John Camden Hotten, 142. John Camden Hotten ( 1832 - 1873) was a compiler of English language dictionary of Slang.  ““Geordie, general term in Northumberland and Durham for a pitman, or coal-miner. Origin not known; the term has been in use more than a century. "” . [11] The book was reprinted in 2004. [12]

BAD-WEATHER GEORDY. A name applied to cockle sellers. "As the season at which cockles are in greatest demand is generally the most stormy in the year - September to March -the sailors' wives at the seaport towns of Northumberland and Durham consider the cry of the cockle man as the harbinger of bad weather, and the sailor, when he hears the cry of 'cockles alive,' in a dark wintry night, concludes that a storm is at hand, and breathes a prayer, backwards, for the soul Of Bad-Weather-Geordy" - S. Oliver, Rambles in Northumberland, 1835.

“Plus Geordieland means Northumberland and Durham” Dobson Tyne 1973[13]

Geographical coverage

When referring to the people, as opposed to the dialect, a definition of a Geordie is "a native or inhabitant of Newcastle upon Tyne, England, or its environs",[14] so this can include North Tyneside (Wallsend, North Shields, Whitley Bay) (Walker), South Tyneside (Jarrow - such as the use in Alan Price's "Jarrow Song",[15] Hebburn, South Shields, Boldon), Gateshead such as the use in the Blaydon Races song,[16] Newcastle such as the use in the Blaydon Races song,[16] etc. North Tyneside is a Metropolitan borough of Tyne and Wear in the North East of England. Wallsend is a town in North Tyneside, Tyne and Wear, England. North Shields (or locally just Shields) is a town on the north bank of the River Tyne, in the metropolitan borough of North Tyneside, in North Whitley Bay is a town in North Tyneside, in Tyne and Wear, England Walker is a residential suburb and electoral ward just east of the centre of Newcastle upon Tyne, England. South Tyneside is a Metropolitan borough in Tyne and Wear in North East England. Jarrow (ˈjæroʊ or /ˈjærə/ is a Town on the River Tyne, England with a Population around 27000 (2001 Census) Alan Price (born 19 April 1941 in Fatfield, County Durham, England) is a Musician, Songwriter, Record Hebburn is a small Town situated on the south bank of the River Tyne in North East England, sandwiched between the towns of Jarrow South Shields is a coastal town in Tyne and Wear, England, located at the mouth of the River Tyne. Gateshead is a town in Tyne and Wear, England. It lies on the southern bank of the River Tyne, opposite Newcastle upon Tyne. Blaydon Races ( Roud #3511 is a famous Geordie Folk song written in the 1800s by Geordie Ridley in a style deriving from Music hall Newcastle upon Tyne ( (often shortened to Newcastle) is a city and Metropolitan borough of Tyne and Wear, England akin to the way a Cockney is defined as someone "born within the sound of Bow bells. The term Cockney has both geographical and linguistic associations St Mary-le-Bow is an historic church in the City of London, off Cheapside. " As the Cockney definition has been taken to mean within three miles of the church of St Mary-le-Bow on Cheapside, the Geordie definition, by some, has been taken to mean only Tyneside. St Mary-le-Bow is an historic church in the City of London, off Cheapside. Cheapside is a street in Cheap ward of the City of London that links Newgate Street with the junction of Queen Victoria Street Cornhill Tyneside is a Conurbation in northern England, which is home to over 80% of the Metropolitan county of Tyne and Wear. [17][18] Another interpretation includes areas of County Durham and Northumberland[13], and former areas like Ryton, Washington, etc. Northumberland is a county in the North East of England. The non-metropolitan county of Northumberland borders Cumbria to the west Ryton is a semi-rural small town near the western border of Tyne and Wear, England. Washington is a town within the Metropolitan borough of the City of Sunderland in Tyne and Wear, England.

Although the dialects of North East of England were often grouped together as Geordie[19] in modern times this is incorrect. North-East England is one of the nine official Regions of England and comprises the combined area of Northumberland, County Durham, Tyne and Wear This misconception is usually made by people from outside of the north east. North-East England is one of the nine official Regions of England and comprises the combined area of Northumberland, County Durham, Tyne and Wear

People from Sunderland have been nicknamed Mackems in recent generations. Sunderland (, or /ˈsʌn(dlən/ is a City in Tyne and Wear, England. The list of regional nicknames includes Nicknames for people based on their locality of origin (birthplace place of permanent residence or family roots Mackem is a term that refers to the accent dialect and people of the Wearside area or more specifically Sunderland, a city in North East England. However, the earliest known recorded use of the term found by the Oxford English Dictionary occurred as late as 1990. The Oxford English Dictionary ( OED) published by the Oxford University Press (OUP is a comprehensive Dictionary of the English [20]

Geordie dialect

Vocabulary

Geordie also has a large amount of vocabulary not heard elsewhere in England, though some are shared with (or similar to) Scots. The vocabulary of a person is defined either as the set of all Words that are understood by that person or the set of all words likely to be used by that person when constructing Words still in common use by true Geordies today include:

Howay or Haway is broadly comparable to the invocation "Come on!" or the French "Allez!" ("Go on!"). French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people Examples of common use include Howay man! or Haway man!, meaning "come on" or "hurry up", Howay the lads! or Haway the lads! as a term of encouragement for a sports team for example, or Ho'way!? (with stress on the second syllable) expressing incredulity or disbelief. [21] The 'a' and 'o' in howay/haway convey different strands of aggression, with the ‘a’ being the aggressive. The literal opposite of this word is "Haddaway" (go away), which is not as popular as Howay, but has found frequent use in the phrase "Haddaway an' shite" (Tom Hadaway, Figure 5. 2 Haddaway an' shite; ’Cursing like sleet blackening the buds, raging at the monk of Jarrow scribbling his morality and judgement into a book. ’[22]).

Divvie or divvy seems to come from the Co-op dividend,[23] or from the two Davy lamps (the more dangerous explosive Scotch Davy[24] used in 1850, commission disapproved of its use in 1886. (inventor not known, and nicknamed Scotch Davy probably given by miners after the Davy lamp was made perhaps by north east miners who used the Stephenson Lamp[25][26]), and the later better designed Davy designed by Humphrey Davy also called the Divvy. Sir Humphry Davy 1st Baronet FRS MRIA (17 December 1778 &ndash 29 May 1829 was a British Chemist and inventor [27]) As in a north east miner saying ‘Marra, ye keep way from me if ye usin a divvy. ' It seems the word divvie then translated to daft lad/lass. Perhaps coming from the fact you’d be seen as foolish going down a mine with a Scotch Divvy when there are safer lamps out, like the Geordie, or the Davy.

The geordie word netty, meaning a toilet[28] or bathroom came from the Roman slang found on Hadrian's Wall which later became gabinetto in Italian. Hadrian's Wall ( Latin: perhaps Vallum Aelium, "the Aelian wall" is a stone and turf Fortification built by the Roman (Such as these articles about the Westoe Netty, the subject of a famous painting from Bob Olley[29][30])

A poem, called ‘YAM’ narrated by author Douglas Kew, demonstrates the usage of a lot of Geordie words[31][32]

Related dialects

As well as Geordie, other Northern English dialects include:

Geordie in the media

In recent times, the Geordie dialect has featured prominently in the British media. Note however, that although the dialect appears, the dialect is toned down for comprehension of the general (non-Northumbrian) public. Television presenters such as Ant and Dec are now happy to use their natural dialect on air. Television ( TV) is a widely used Telecommunication medium for sending ( Broadcasting) and receiving moving Images, either monochromatic Ant & Dec are a British duo of Light entertainment television presenters consisting of Novocastrians (the colloquial terminology for this is " Marcus Bentley, the commentator on the UK edition of Big Brother, is often perceived by southerners to have a Geordie dialect. Marcus Bentley (born 4 October, 1967) is a British Actor, broadcaster and Voiceover artist Big Brother is a Reality television series broadcast in the United Kingdom and However, he grew up in Stockton on Tees. Stockton-on-Tees is a market town in North East England. It is the major settlement in the unitary authority area and Borough of Stockton-on-Tees. Brendan Foster and Sid Waddell have both worked as television sports commentators. Brendan Foster CBE (born 12 January, 1948 in Hebburn, now Tyne and Wear, England) is a British former distance Sid Waddell (born August 10, 1940 in Alnwick Northumberland) is a British born " Geordie " Commentator and television

The dialect was also popularized by the comic magazine Viz, where the dialect itself is often conveyed phonetically by unusual spellings within the comic strips. Comics (via Latin from the Greek "" kōmikos, of or pertaining to "comedy" from kōmos "revel" Magazines, periodicals or serials are Publications generally published on a regular schedule containing a variety of articles, generally Viz is a popular British adult Comic magazine that has been running since 1979 Viz magazine itself was founded on Tyneside by two local males, Chris Donald and his brother Simon. Chris Donald (born 25 April 1960 in Newcastle, England) is the founder of and one of the principal contributors to the British Simon Donald is a co-founder and co-editor of the British Comic magazine Viz.

The Steve Coogan-helmed BBC comedy I'm Alan Partridge featured a Geordie named Michael (Simon Greenall) as the primary supporting character and de facto best friend of the eponymous hero, despite Partridge's typically snobbish and patronizing demeanor sinking to new lows when referring to Michael (at one point referring to him as 'just the Work Geordie'). Stephen John "Steve" Coogan (born 14 October 1965 is an English Comedian, actor writer producer and director. I'm Alan Partridge is a BBC Situation comedy. Two series of six episodes were produced the first in 1997 and the second in 2002 Simon Greenall is a British Actor, writer and Voice artist. He has appeared in a wide variety of roles in Television, Film, Radio

Mike Neville and George House (aka Jarge Hoose), presenters of the BBC local news program Look North, in the 1960s and 1970s, not only incorporated Geordie into the show, albeit usually in comedy pieces pointing up the gulf between ordinary Geordies and officials speaking Standard English, but were responsible for a series of recordings, beginning with Larn Yersel' Geordie[33] which attempted, not always seriously, to bring the Geordie dialect to the rest of England. Mike Neville MBE (born 17 October 1936, Willington Quay, Wallsend) is a former British television presenter Standard English (often shortened to SE within linguistic circles is a term generally applied to a form of the English language that is thought to be normative

The mastermind behind Larn Yersel' Geordie was local humorist Scott Dobson,[34] who wrote several booklets on the theme in the early 1970s, including Histry O' the Geordies,[35] Advanced Geordie Palaver,[36][37] The Geordie Joke Book (with Dick Irwin)[38] and The Little Broon Book (Bringing out The New Little Broon Book in 1990[39]).

The Jocks and the Geordies was a Dandy comic strip running from 1975 to the early 1990s. The Jocks and the Geordies were Fictional characters who had their own Comic strip in The Dandy comic The Dandy is a long running children's comic published in the United Kingdom.

In the lyrics of the song "Sailing to Philadelphia" by Mark Knopfler, Jeremiah Dixon describes himself as a "Geordie boy. Mark Knopfler OBE (born August 12 1949 Glasgow, Scotland) is a British Guitarist, Singer, Songwriter, Jeremiah Dixon ( Cockfield County Durham July 27 1733 &ndash Cockfield County Durham January 22 1779) was an English Jeremiah Dixon, surveyor of the Mason-Dixon line"[40]

Dorphy, real name Dorothy Samuelson-Sandvid, was a noted geordie dialect writer who once wrote for the South Shields Gazette. Jeremiah Dixon ( Cockfield County Durham July 27 1733 &ndash Cockfield County Durham January 22 1779) was an English The Mason–Dixon Line (or "Mason and Dixon's Line" is a Demarcation line between four U [41][42][43][44][45]

Auf Wiedersehen, Pet was a popular fictional British comedy-drama series about a group of seven British migrant construction workers:[46][47] Wayne, Dennis, Oz, Bomber, Barry, Neville and Moxey, who, in Series 1, are living and working on a German building site. Auf Wiedersehen Pet was a popular British comedy-drama series about a group of seven British migrant construction workers Wayne, Dennis, The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Auf Wiedersehen Pet was a popular British comedy-drama series about a group of seven British migrant construction workers Wayne, Dennis, Dennis L Patterson was a fictional character in the popular drama series Auf Wiedersehen Pet. Leonard Jeffrey "Oz" Osbourne (b circa 1957 was a fictional character from the television series Auf Wiedersehen Pet. Character Brian "Bomber" Busbridge was a fictional character from the British television series Auf Wiedersehen Pet. Barry Taylor (b 1957 in West Midlands) was a Fictional character from the television series Auf Wiedersehen Pet. Neville Hope (born April 23, 1958) was a fictional character from the television series Auf Wiedersehen Pet. Auf Wiedersehen Pet was a popular British comedy-drama series about a group of seven British migrant construction workers Wayne, Dennis, Three of the seven were Geordies. Dennis Patterson (played by Tim Healy) comes from Birtley Co. Dennis L Patterson was a fictional character in the popular drama series Auf Wiedersehen Pet. Tim Healy (born 29 January 1952 in Benwell, Newcastle upon Tyne) is an English actor Durham;[48] Leonard "Oz" Osborne (played by Jimmy Nail) comes from Gateshead;[49] and Neville Hope (played by Kevin Whately) comes from North Shields. Leonard Jeffrey "Oz" Osbourne (b circa 1957 was a fictional character from the television series Auf Wiedersehen Pet. Jimmy Nail (born March 16, 1954) is an English Actor and Singer. Neville Hope (born April 23, 1958) was a fictional character from the television series Auf Wiedersehen Pet. Kevin Whately (born 6 February 1951) is an English Actor. Whately is possibly best known for his starring role as Neville Hope in the [50]

The Hairy Bikers' Cookbook with Geordie Simon King and Dave Myers. The Hairy Bikers' Cookbook (renamed The Hairy Bikers Ride Again for the third series and The Hairy Bakers for the fourth series is Simon King may refer to Simon King (musician, English drummer former member of Hawkwind Simon King (television, British television The duo's lifestyle TV show is a mixture of cookery and travelogue. [51]

In 1974, Alan Price’s Jarrow song reached number one in the old RNI International Service, and number 4 in the UK charts. Alan Price (born 19 April 1941 in Fatfield, County Durham, England) is a Musician, Songwriter, Record Which brought to the attention once again of the Jarrow March. The Jarrow March (or Jarrow Crusade, from the phrase on banners carried by the marchers was an October 1936 Protest march against Unemployment [52]

The character Detective Inspector Robert "Robbie" Lewis (formerly Detective Sergeant) in the long-running ITV series Inspector Morse is a self-described Geordie. Inspector Lewis (TV series Detective Inspector Robert "Robbie" Lewis is a Fictional character best known as the sidekick in the Inspector Morse Independent Television (generally known as ITV) is a public service network of British commercial television broadcasters set up under the Independent Detective Chief Inspector Endeavour Morse is a Fictional character in a series of thirteen Detective novels by British Author Colin His speech variety serves as a foil to Morse's pedantry and RP. Received Pronunciation ( RP) is a form of Pronunciation of the English language (specifically British English) which has long been perceived as

Notes

  1. ^ AskOxford.com - a person from Tyneside. Retrieved on 2007-09-01. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 462 - Possible start of first Byzantine indiction cycle.
  2. ^ Never call a Mackem a Geordie... - Sunderland Echo
  3. ^ Arca gives Boro spark to silence bigoted Geordie fans | Match Reports | guardian.co.uk Football
  4. ^ AskOxford.com - from the given name George. Retrieved on 2007-09-01. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 462 - Possible start of first Byzantine indiction cycle.
  5. ^ a b Brockett, John Trotter (1829). A Glossary Of North Country Words In Use With Their Etymology And AffinityTo Other Languages And Occasional Notices Of local Customs And Popular Superstitions. E. Charnley, page 131.  “GEORDIE, George-a very common name among the pitmen. “How ! Geordie man ! how is’t”” 
  6. ^ Recorded by the folk group Steeleye Span on their album Parcel of Rogues, 1973. Steeleye Span is a British Electric folk band formed in 1969 and remaining active today Parcel of Rogues is an album by the Electric folk band Steeleye Span.
  7. ^ Smiles, Samuel (1859). The Life of George Stephenson, Railway Engineer, page 120.  “As to the value of the invention of the safety lamp, there could be no doubt; and the colliery owners of Durham and Northumberland, to testify their sense of its importance, determined to present a testimonial to its inventor. ” 
  8. ^ Brockett, John T. (1846). A Glossary of North Country Words, page 187.  “GEORDIE, George-a very common name among the pitmen. “How ! Geordie man ! how is’t” The Pitmen have given the name of Geordie to Mr George Stephenson's lamp in contra-distinction of the Davy, or Sir Humphrey Davy's Lamp. ” 
  9. ^ Katie Wales (2006). Northern English: A Cultural and Social History. Cambridge University Press, 134–136. ISBN 0521861071.  
  10. ^ Newcastle Beer Toon Ale: BUY BOTTLED BEER ONLINE: Next Day Delivery: Buy Bottled Beer UK
  11. ^ a b {{Camden Hotten, John (1869). John Camden Hotten ( 1832 - 1873) was a compiler of English language dictionary of Slang. The Slang Dictionary, Or Vulgar Words, Street Phrases And Fast Expressions of High and Low Society. John Camden Hotten, 142. John Camden Hotten ( 1832 - 1873) was a compiler of English language dictionary of Slang.  ““Geordie, general term in Northumberland and Durham for a pitman, or coal-miner. Origin not known; the term has been in use more than a century. "” )
  12. ^ Amazon.com: The Slang Dictionary; or, The Vulgar Words, Street Phrases, and 'Fast' Expressions of High and Low Society: Many with their etymology, and a few with their history traced: John Camden Hotten: Books
  13. ^ a b Dobson, Scott. A light hearted guide to Geordieland. Graham (1973). ISBN 0902833898.  “Plus Geordieland means Northumberland and Durham” 
  14. ^ geordie - Definitions from Dictionary.com
  15. ^ Jarrow song. Retrieved on 2007-09-27. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 489 - Odoacer attacks Theodoric at the Battle of Verona and is defeated again
  16. ^ a b Blaydon Races. Retrieved on 2007-09-29. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 522 BC - Darius I of Persia kills the Magian usurper Gaumâta securing his hold as king of the Persian Empire.
  17. ^ AskOxford.com - a person from Tyneside. Retrieved on 2007-09-01. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 462 - Possible start of first Byzantine indiction cycle.
  18. ^ geordie - Definitions from Dictionary.com
  19. ^ Camden Hotten, John (1869). John Camden Hotten ( 1832 - 1873) was a compiler of English language dictionary of Slang. The Slang Dictionary, Or Vulgar Words, Street Phrases And Fast Expressions of High and Low Society. John Camden Hotten, 142. John Camden Hotten ( 1832 - 1873) was a compiler of English language dictionary of Slang.  ““Geordie, general term in Northumberland and Durham for a pitman, or coal-miner. Origin not known; the term has been in use more than a century. "” )
  20. ^ No mackem until 1990. Oxford English Dictionary. Retrieved on 2007-10-22. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 202 BC - Hannibal Barca, leader of the Carthaginians, is defeated by the Roman legions under Scipio Africanus
  21. ^ a b c d e Dorphy dialog. Retrieved on 2007-11-04. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1333 - Flood of the Arno River, causing massive damage in Florence as recorded by the Florentine chronicler Giovanni Villani
  22. ^ Colls, Robert (2005). Geordies. Northumbria University Press, 90. ISBN 1904794122.  “Hadaway an’ shite; ’Cursing like sleet blackening the buds, raging at the monk of Jarrow scribbling his morality and judgement into a book. ’” 
  23. ^ (2003) IMS: Customer Satisfaction: BIP2005 (Integrated Management Systems). BSI Standards, page 10. ISBN 100580414264.  “An early example, which may be remembered by older readers was the Co-op dividend or 'divvie'. On paying their bill, shoppers would quote a number recorded . . . ” 
  24. ^ Henderson, Clarks, NEIMME: Lamps - No. 14. SCOTCH DAVY LAMP., <http://www.mininginstitute.org.uk/lamps/Davy.html>. Retrieved on 2 December 2007 
  25. ^ Smiles, Samuel (1859). The Life of George Stephenson, Railway Engineer, page 120.  “As to the value of the invention of the safety lamp, there could be no doubt; and the colliery owners of Durham and Northumberland, to testify their sense of its importance, determined to present a testimonial to its inventor. ” 
  26. ^ Henderson, Clarks, NEIMME: Lamps - No. 16. STEPHENSON (GEORDIE) LAMP., <http://www.mininginstitute.org.uk/lamps/Stephenson.html>. Retrieved on 2 December 2007 
  27. ^ Henderson, Clarks, NEIMME: Lamps - No. 1 - DAVY LAMP., <http://www.mininginstitute.org.uk/lamps/Davy.html>. Retrieved on 2 December 2007 
  28. ^ Graham, Frank ((November 1986)), The Geordie Netty: A Short History and Guide, Butler Publishing; New Ed edition, ISBN 0946928088, <http://www.amazon.co.uk/Geordie-Netty-Short-History-Guide/dp/0946928088/ref=sr_1_1/026-5166506-7385210?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1194978041&sr=8-1> 
  29. ^ Urinal finds museum home. Retrieved on 2007-10-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 314 - Roman Emperor Licinius is defeated by his colleague Constantine I at the Battle of Cibalae, and loses
  30. ^ “Famed Geordie netty is museum attraction”, The Northern Echo, 2007-03-31, <http://www.thenorthernecho.co.uk/news/topstories/display.var.1299982.0.famed_geordie_netty_is_museum_attraction.php> 
  31. ^ (2007-07-29). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1014 - Byzantine-Bulgarian Wars: Battle of Kleidion: Byzantine emperor Basil II inflicts a decisive defeat YAM narrated by author Douglas Kew. Retrieved on 2008-01-02. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 366 - The Alamanni cross the frozen Rhine River in large numbers invading the Roman Empire. "CAN YOU BELIEVE THIS IS ENGLISH!? "YAM" Pitmatic poem from a Trimdon Lad. From the book "A TRAVELER'S TALE" by Douglas Kew. ; DouglasKew TRIMDON Poet YAM pitmatic Geordie"
  32. ^ Kew, Douglas (2001-02-07). A Traveller's Tale. Trafford Publishing. ISBN 101552125521.  
  33. ^ Neville,Mike: George House - Very Best Of Larn Yersel: Geordie & Geordierama. TV Presenter (1995-12-13). Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 Events 1294 - Saint Celestine V abdicates the papacy after only five months Celestine hoped to return to his previous life Retrieved on 2007-11-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 355 - Roman Emperor Constantius II promotes his cousin Julian to the rank of Caesar, entrusting him with
  34. ^ Dobson, Scott (March 1970), Larn Yersel' Geordie, Frank Graham, ISBN 0900409576, <http://www.amazon.co.uk/Larn-Yersel-Geordie-Scott-Dobson/dp/0900409576/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1194615370&sr=1-2> 
  35. ^ Dobson, Scott (1 June 1970), History O' the Geordies, Frank Graham, ISBN 0900409185, <http://www.amazon.co.uk/Histry-O-Geordies-Geordie-beuks/dp/0900409185/ref=sr_1_19?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1194614695&sr=1-19> 
  36. ^ Dobson, Scott (June 1970), Advanced Geordie Palaver, Frank Graham, ISBN 090040938X, <http://www.amazon.co.uk/Advanced-Geordie-Palaver-beuks/dp/090040938X/ref=sr_1_7?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1194613631&sr=1-7> 
  37. ^ Dobson, Scott (April 1993), Advanced Geordie Palaver, Butler Publishing, ISBN 0946928436, <http://www.amazon.co.uk/Advanced-Geordie-Palaver-Scott-Dobson/dp/0946928436/ref=sr_1_8?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1194613631&sr=1-8> 
  38. ^ Irwin, Dick; Milne, Maurice & Dobson, Scott (1970), The Geordie Joke Book, Graham, ISBN 0900409797 
  39. ^ Dobson, Scott (1990), The new little broon book, Bridge Studios, ISBN 1872010601, <http://www.amazon.co.uk/new-little-broon-book/dp/1872010601/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1194626340&sr=8-1> 
  40. ^ Sailing To Philadelphia. Events 193 - Roman Emperor Didius Julianus is Assassinated 987 - Hugh Capet is elected Year 1970 ( MCMLXX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2007-11-09. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 694 - Egica, a king of the Visigoths of Hispania, accuses Jews of aiding Muslims sentencing all  “I Am Jeremiah Dixon; I Am A Geordie Boy”
  41. ^ Dorphy, Dorothy Samuelson-Sandvid. Dorphy's Geordie dialog, South Shields Gazette. Retrieved on 2007-11-04. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1333 - Flood of the Arno River, causing massive damage in Florence as recorded by the Florentine chronicler Giovanni Villani
  42. ^ Sandvid, D (1970), Basinful o' Geordie: Tyneside Readings, H Hill, ISBN 0900463112 
  43. ^ Sandvid, D (1988), Basinful o' Geordie: Tyneside Readings, Sandhill P, ISBN 0946098123 
  44. ^ Sandvid, D (1969), Between Ye an' Me, H Hill, ISBN 0900463082 
  45. ^ Sandvid, D (1976), I Remember, Tree P, ISBN 0904790029 
  46. ^ THE ORIGINAL AUF WIEDERSEHEN PET HOMEPAGE. Retrieved on 2008-01-17. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 38 BC - Octavian marries Livia Drusilla. 1287 - King Alfonso III of Aragon invades Minorca
  47. ^ Wayne Winston Norris, Denis Patterson, Leonard “Oz” Osborne, Brian “Bomber” Busbridge, Barry Taylor, Neville Hope, Albert Arthur Moxey. (2002-10-07). See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 3761 BC - The epoch (origin of the modern Hebrew calendar ( Proleptic Julian calendar) Auf Wiedersehen Pet Box Set - The Complete Series 1 and 2 [1983] (PAL). Retrieved on 2008-01-17. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 38 BC - Octavian marries Livia Drusilla. 1287 - King Alfonso III of Aragon invades Minorca
  48. ^ Wayne Winston Norris, Denis Patterson, Leonard “Oz” Osborne, Brian “Bomber” Busbridge, Barry Taylor, Neville Hope, Albert Arthur Moxey. (2007-06-04). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 781 BC - The first historic Solar eclipse is recorded in China. Auf Wiedersehen Pet Video. Retrieved on 2008-01-17. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 38 BC - Octavian marries Livia Drusilla. 1287 - King Alfonso III of Aragon invades Minorca Event occurs at 1:42.
  49. ^ Wayne Winston Norris, Denis Patterson, Leonard “Oz” Osborne, Brian “Bomber” Busbridge, Barry Taylor, Neville Hope, Albert Arthur Moxey. (2007-06-04). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 781 BC - The first historic Solar eclipse is recorded in China. Auf Wiedersehen Pet Video. Retrieved on 2008-01-17. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 38 BC - Octavian marries Livia Drusilla. 1287 - King Alfonso III of Aragon invades Minorca Event occurs at 1:50.
  50. ^ Wayne Winston Norris, Denis Patterson, Leonard “Oz” Osborne, Brian “Bomber” Busbridge, Barry Taylor, Neville Hope, Albert Arthur Moxey. (2007-06-04). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 781 BC - The first historic Solar eclipse is recorded in China. Auf Wiedersehen Pet Video. Retrieved on 2008-01-17. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 38 BC - Octavian marries Livia Drusilla. 1287 - King Alfonso III of Aragon invades Minorca Event occurs at 2:04.
  51. ^ Ferguson, Euan (2005-12-11). Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 359 - Honoratus, the first known Prefect of the City of Constantinople, takes office Meet the new Delia and Nigella.  “'just no relation to what you get late on a Geordie night out,' recalls Si. ”
  52. ^ RNI International Service Number One Hits, 1971-1974 (1974-06-14). Year 1974 ( MCMLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. Events 1276 - While taking exile in Fuzhou in southern China, away from the advancing Mongol invaders, the remnants of the Retrieved on 2008-03-17. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 45 BC - In his last victory Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger  “14-06, Jarrow Song, Alan Price”

External links

Dictionary

Geordie

-proper noun

  1. Dialect/colloquial form of English spoken by Geordies, people from Newcastle upon Tyne.
  2. A diminutive of the male given name George.

-noun

  1. Someone from Newcastle upon Tyne.
  2. (Northern England and Scotland) A former British coin.

-adjective

  1. Related to or characteristic of Geordies or Newcastle upon Tyne.
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