Genomic convergence is a multifactor approach used in genetic research that combines different kinds of genetic data analysis to identify and prioritize susceptibility genes for a complex disease. Research is defined as Human activity based on Intellectual application in the investigation of Matter. Debt AIDS Trade in Africa (or DATA) is a Multinational non-government organization founded in January 2002 in London by U2 's History See also History of genetics The existence of genes was first suggested by Gregor Mendel (1822-1884 who in the 1860s studied inheritance A disease is an abnormal condition of an organism that impairs bodily functions and can be deadly
Early Applications
In January of 2003, Michael Hauser along with fellow researchers at the Duke Center for Human Genetics (CHG)coined the term “genomic convergence” to describe their endeavor to identify genes affecting the expression of Parkinson disease (PD). History See also History of genetics The existence of genes was first suggested by Gregor Mendel (1822-1884 who in the 1860s studied inheritance Parkinson's disease (also known as Parkinson disease or PD) is a degenerative disorder of the Central nervous system that often impairs the sufferer's Their work successfully combined serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) with genetic linkage analysis. History See also History of genetics The existence of genes was first suggested by Gregor Mendel (1822-1884 who in the 1860s studied inheritance The authors explain, “While both linkage and expression analyses are powerful on their own, the number of possible genes they present as candidates for PD or any complex disorder remains extremely large” [1] . History See also History of genetics The existence of genes was first suggested by Gregor Mendel (1822-1884 who in the 1860s studied inheritance Parkinson's disease (also known as Parkinson disease or PD) is a degenerative disorder of the Central nervous system that often impairs the sufferer's The convergence of the two methods allowed researchers to decrease the number of possible PD genes to consider for further study. Parkinson's disease (also known as Parkinson disease or PD) is a degenerative disorder of the Central nervous system that often impairs the sufferer's History See also History of genetics The existence of genes was first suggested by Gregor Mendel (1822-1884 who in the 1860s studied inheritance
Their success prompted further use of the genomic convergence method at the CHG, and in July of 2003Yi-Ju Liet al published a paper revealing that glutathione S-transferase omega-1 (GSTO1) modifies the age-at-onset (AAO) of Alzheimer disease (AD) and PD [2]. The age of onset is a medical term referring to the age at which an individual acquires develops or first experiences a condition or symptoms of a Disease Alzheimer's disease ( AD) also called Alzheimer disease or simply Alzheimer's, is the most common form of Dementia. Parkinson's disease (also known as Parkinson disease or PD) is a degenerative disorder of the Central nervous system that often impairs the sufferer's
In May 2004, Dr. Margaret Pericak-Vance, then the Director of the CHG, articulated the value of the genomic convergence method at a New York Academy of Sciences (NYAS) keynote address entitled "Novel Methods in Genetic Exploration of Neurodegenerative Disease. " She stated, "No single method is going to get us where we need to be with these complex traits. It is going to take a combination of methods to dissect the underlying etiology of these disorders" (3). Etiology (alternatively aetiology, aitiology) is the study of causation.
Recent and Future Applications
Genomic convergence has a countless number of creative applications that combine the strengths of different analyses and studies. Maher Noureddine et al, note in their 2005 paper, “One of the growing problems in the study of complex diseases is how to prioritize research and make sense of the immense amount of data now readily available at the click of a computer mouse. Research is defined as Human activity based on Intellectual application in the investigation of Matter. Debt AIDS Trade in Africa (or DATA) is a Multinational non-government organization founded in January 2002 in London by U2 's . . The best approach may be to take advantage of the strengths of both…SAGE …and microarrays” (4). For terminology see glossary below A DNA microarray is a High-throughput technology used in Molecular biology and in
The results of combining methods of analysis have continued to be promising. Sofia Oliveira et al (2005) combined gene expression, linkage data, and “iterative association mapping” to identify several genes associated with PD AAO (5). History See also History of genetics The existence of genes was first suggested by Gregor Mendel (1822-1884 who in the 1860s studied inheritance Debt AIDS Trade in Africa (or DATA) is a Multinational non-government organization founded in January 2002 in London by U2 's History See also History of genetics The existence of genes was first suggested by Gregor Mendel (1822-1884 who in the 1860s studied inheritance Parkinson's disease (also known as Parkinson disease or PD) is a degenerative disorder of the Central nervous system that often impairs the sufferer's The age of onset is a medical term referring to the age at which an individual acquires develops or first experiences a condition or symptoms of a Disease
Future studies will continue to apply genomic convergence to elucidate the etiology of complex diseases. A disease is an abnormal condition of an organism that impairs bodily functions and can be deadly Dr. Jeff Vance, Director of the Morris K. Udall PD Research Center of Excellence, notes, “Genomic convergence is really no different from mathematical convergence – the more angles from which you can come at a problem, the better chance you have of solving it” (6).
References
1. Hauser MA, Li Y-J, Takeuchi S, Walters R, Noureddine M, Maready M, Darden T, Hulette C, Martin E, Hauser E, Xu H, Schmechel D, Stenger JE, Dietrich F, Vance JM. Genomic Convergence: Identifying candidate genes for Parkinson disease by combining serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) and genetic linkage. Human Molecular Genetics 12(6):671-676, 2003. PMID:12620972
2. Li YJ, Oliveira SA, Xu P, Martin ER, Stenger JE, Hulette C, Scherzer CR, Hauser MA, Scott WK, Small GW, Nance MA, Watts RL, Hubble JP, Koller WC, Pahwa R, Stern MB, Hiner BC, Jankovic J, Goetz CG, Mastaglia F, Middleton LT, Roses AD, Saunders AM, Welsh-Bohmer KA, Schmechel DE, Gullans SR, Haines JL, Gilbert JR, Vance JM, and Pericak-Vance MA. Glutathione S-Transferase modifies age-at-onset of Alzheimer disease and Parkinson disease. Human Molecular Genetics 12 (24): 3259-67, 2003. PMID:14570706
3. New York Academy of Sciences eBriefings: Genetic Exploration of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases
4. Noureddine MA, Li, Y-J van der Walt JM, Walters R, Jewett RM, Xu H, Wang T, Walter J, Scott BL, Hulette C, Schmechel D, Stenger J, Dietrich F, Vance JM, and Hauser MA. Genomic Convergence to identify candidate genes for Parkinson disease: SAGE analysis of the Substantia nigra. Movement Disorders, Epub 2005. PMID: 15966006
5. Oliveira S, Li Y, Noureddine M, Zuchner S, Qin X, Pericak Vance MA, Vance JM. Identification of risk and age-at-onset genes on chromosome 1p in Parkinson disease. American Journal of Human Genetics, 77(2):252-64, 2005. PMID: 15986317
6. GenomeLife: Udall Centers Meeting Points Up Parkinson's Work at Duke
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