Mobile communication standards

GSM / UMTS (3GPP) Family

GSM (2G) GPRS EDGE (EGPRS) EDGE Evolution CSD HSCSD

UMTS (3G) HSPA HSDPA HSUPA HSPA+ UMTS-TDD TD-CDMA TD-SCDMA FOMA

UMTS Rev. 8 (Pre-4G) LTE HSOPA (Super 3G)

CDMA (3GPP2) Family

cdmaOne (2G)

CDMA2000 (3G) EV-DO

UMB (Pre-4G)

AMPS Family

AMPS (1G) TACS / ETACS

D-AMPS (2G)

Other Technologies

0G PTT MTS IMTS AMTS OLT MTD Autotel / PALM ARP

1G NMT Hicap CDPD Mobitex DataTAC

2G iDEN PDC CSD PHS WiDEN

Pre-4G iBurst HIPERMAN WiMAX WiBro GAN (UMA)

Channel Access Methods FDMA OFDMA TDMA SSMA CDMA

Frequency bands Cellular GSM UMTS PCS SMR

General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) is a packet oriented Mobile Data Service available to users of Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) and IS-136 mobile phones. A list of Mobile phone standards or generations is given in the table below GSM ( Global System for Mobile communications: originally from Groupe Spécial Mobile) is the most popular standard for Mobile phones in the The 3rd Generation Partnership Project ( 3GPP) is a collaboration between groups of telecommunications associations to make a globally applicable third generation ( 3G GSM ( Global System for Mobile communications: originally from Groupe Spécial Mobile) is the most popular standard for Mobile phones in the 2G (or 2-G is short for second-generation Wireless Telephone Technology. Enhanced Data rates for Global Evolution ( EDGE) Enhanced GPRS ( EGPRS) or IMT Single Carrier ( IMT-SC) Enhanced Data rates for Global Evolution ( EDGE) Enhanced GPRS ( EGPRS) or IMT Single Carrier ( IMT-SC) Circuit Switched Data ( CSD) is the original form of Data transmission developed for the Time division multiple access (TDMA-based Mobile phone High-Speed Circuit-Switched Data (HSCSD, is an enhancement to Circuit Switched Data, the original data transmission mechanism of the GSM Mobile phone system 3G is the third generation of mobile phone standards and Technology, superseding 2 High Speed Packet Access (HSPA is a collection of Mobile telephony protocols that extend and improve the performance of existing UMTS protocols High-Speed Downlink Packet Access ( HSDPA) is a 3G (third generation Mobile telephony Communications protocol in the High-Speed Packet High-Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA is a 3G Mobile telephony protocol in the HSPA family with up-link speeds up to 5 Evolved HSPA (also known as HSPA Evolution, HSPA+, I-HSPA or Internet HSPA) is a wireless broadband standard defined in 3GPP UMTS-TDD is a mobile data network standard built upon the UMTS 3G cellular mobile phone standard using a TD-CDMA, TD-SCDMA, or other 3GPP-approved UMTS-TDD is a mobile data network standard built upon the UMTS 3G cellular mobile phone standard using a TD-CDMA, TD-SCDMA, or other 3GPP-approved Time Division-Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access, or TD-SCDMA, is a 3G mobile telecommunications standard being pursued in the People's Republic of China FOMA ( IPA:/'foʊmə/ officially short for Freedom of Mobile Multimedia Access, is the brand name for the 3G services being offered by Japanese mobile 4G (also known as Beyond 3G) an abbreviation for Fourth-Generation, is a term used to describe the next complete evolution in wireless communications LTE (Long Term Evolution is the next major step in mobile radio communications and will be introduced in 3rd Generation Partnership Project ( 3GPP) Release 8 Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access ( E-UTRA) is the air interface of 3GPP 's Long Term Evolution (LTE upgrade path for mobile networks Code division multiple access ( CDMA) is a Channel access method utilized by various radio communication technologies The 3rd Generation Partnership Project 2 ( 3GPP2) is a collaboration between telecommunications associations to make a globally applicable third generation ( 3G) Interim Standard 95 (IS-95, is the first CDMA -based digital cellular standard pioneered by Qualcomm. 2G (or 2-G is short for second-generation Wireless Telephone Technology. CDMA2000 is a hybrid 25G / 3G technology of mobile Telecommunications standards that use CDMA, a multiple access scheme for Digital 3G is the third generation of mobile phone standards and Technology, superseding 2 Evolution-Data Optimized or Evolution-Data only, abbreviated as EV-DO or EVDO and often EV, is a Telecommunications standard for the UMB (Ultra Mobile Broadband is the brand name for the project within 3GPP2 to improve the CDMA2000 mobile phone standard for next generation applications and requirements 4G (also known as Beyond 3G) an abbreviation for Fourth-Generation, is a term used to describe the next complete evolution in wireless communications Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS is the analog Mobile phone system standard developed by Bell Labs, and officially introduced in the Americas Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS is the analog Mobile phone system standard developed by Bell Labs, and officially introduced in the Americas 1G (or 1-G is short for first-generation Wireless Telephone Technology, Cellphones These are the analog cellphone standards that IS-54 and IS-136 are second-generation ( 2G) mobile phone systems known as Digital AMPS (D-AMPS 2G (or 2-G is short for second-generation Wireless Telephone Technology. Push-to-talk ( PTT) also known as Press-to-Transmit, is a method of conversing on half-duplex communication lines including Two-way radio The Mobile Telephone System (MTS was one of the earliest mobile telephone standards The Improved Mobile Telephone Service ( IMTS) is a " 0G " pre-cellular VHF / UHF Radio system that links to the PSTN The Advanced Mobile Telephone System (not to be confused with Advanced Mobile Phone System) was a 0G method of radio communication mainly used in Japanese portable OLT ( Norwegian for Offentlig Landmobil Telefoni, Public Land Mobile Telephony was the first land mobile telephone network in Norway MTD ( Swedish abbreviation for Mobiltelefonisystem D, or Mobile telephony system D) was a manual Mobile phone system for the 450 MHz frequency Autotel (also called PALM, or Public Automated Land Mobile) is a radiotelephone service which was the "missing link" between earlier MTS / For other meanings of the abbreviation see Arp. ARP ( Autoradiopuhelin, "car radio phone" was the first commercially 1G (or 1-G is short for first-generation Wireless Telephone Technology, Cellphones These are the analog cellphone standards that NMT ( Nordisk MobilTelefoni or Nordiska MobilTelefoni-gruppen, Nordic Mobile Telephony in English is the first fully-automatic Cellular phone Hicap is a mobile technology developed by Nippon Telegraph and Telephone as a higher capacity alternative to their NTT mobile solution. Cellular Digital Packet Data ( CDPD) uses unused bandwidth normally used by AMPS Mobile phones between 800 and 900 MHz to transfer data Mobitex is an OSI based Open standard, national public access wireless packet-switched data network DataTAC is a wireless data network technology originally developed by Motorola and deployed in the United States as the ARDIS network 2G (or 2-G is short for second-generation Wireless Telephone Technology. For other uses of Iden/IDEN see Iden (disambiguation Integrated Digital Enhanced Network (iDEN is a mobile telecommunications technology Personal Digital Cellular ( PDC) is a 2G Mobile phone standard developed and used exclusively in Japan. Circuit Switched Data ( CSD) is the original form of Data transmission developed for the Time division multiple access (TDMA-based Mobile phone The Personal Handy-phone System ( PHS) also marketed as the Personal Access System ( PAS) and commercially branded as Xiaolingtong Wideband Integrated Digital Enhanced Network, or WiDEN is a software upgrade developed by Motorola for its IDEN enhanced specialized mobile radio (or ESMR wireless 4G (also known as Beyond 3G) an abbreviation for Fourth-Generation, is a term used to describe the next complete evolution in wireless communications iBurst (or HC-SDMA, High Capacity Spatial Division Multiple Access is a wireless broadband technology developed by ArrayComm. HiperMAN stands for High Performance Radio Metropolitan Area Network and is a standard created by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute ( ETSI) Broadband WiMAX, an approximate acronym of Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access, is a Telecommunications technology that provides for the wireless transmission WiBro ( Wi reless Bro adband is a Wireless broadband Internet technology being developed by the South Korean telecoms industry Unlicensed Mobile Access or UMA is the commercial name of the 3GPP Generic Access Network, or GAN standard In Telecommunications and Computer networks, a channel access method or multiple access method allows several terminals connected to the same Frequency Division Multiple Access or FDMA is an Channel access method that is used by radio systems to share a certain Radio spectrum between multiple Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access ( OFDMA) is a multi-user version of the popular Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM digital modulation scheme This article is about the medium access technology The name "TDMA" is also commonly used in the United States to refer to D-AMPS, which is a mobile telephone Spread-spectrum techniques are methods by which Energy generated in a particular bandwidth is deliberately spread in the Frequency domain, resulting Code division multiple access ( CDMA) is a Channel access method utilized by various radio communication technologies All cellular phone networks worldwide utilize a portion of the radio frequency spectrum designated as Ultra High Frequency, or "UHF" for the transmission All cellular phone networks worldwide utilize a portion of the radio frequency spectrum designated as Ultra High Frequency, or "UHF" for the transmission GSM frequency bands or frequency ranges are the radio spectrum frequencies designated by the ITU for the operation UMTS frequency bands or frequency ranges are the radio spectrum frequencies designated for the operation of the UMTS / HSDPA / HSUPA / HSPA+ Personal Communications Service or PCS is the name for the 1900  MHz radio band used for Digital Mobile phone services in The Specialized Mobile Radio system (SMR is a conventional Two-way radio system or Trunked radio system, operated by a service in the 800 or 900 MHz bands Packet switching is a network communications method that splits data traffic (digital representations of text sound or video data into chunks called packets, that are then GSM services are a standard collection of applications and features available to Mobile phone subscribers all over the world GSM ( Global System for Mobile communications: originally from Groupe Spécial Mobile) is the most popular standard for Mobile phones in the IS-54 and IS-136 are second-generation ( 2G) mobile phone systems known as Digital AMPS (D-AMPS It provides data rates from 56 up to 114 kbit/s.

GPRS can be used for services such as Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) access, Short Message Service (SMS), Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS), and for Internet communication services such as email and World Wide Web access. WAP is an open international Standard for Application layer network communications in a Wireless communication environment Short Message Service ( SMS) is a Communications protocol allowing the interchange of short text messages between mobile telephone devices. Multimedia Messaging Service, MMS for short is a Cellular telephone standard for sending messages that include multimedia objects (images audio video rich The Internet is a global system of interconnected Computer networks Electronic mail, often abbreviated to e-mail, email, or originally eMail, is a Store-and-forward method of writing sending receiving The World Wide Web (commonly shortened to the Web) is a system of interlinked Hypertext documents accessed via the Internet. GPRS data transfer is typically charged per megabyte of traffic transferred, while data communication via traditional circuit switching is billed per minute of connection time, independent of whether the user actually is utilizing the capacity or is in an idle state. A megabyte is a unit of Information or Computer storage equal to either 106 (1000000 Bytes or 220 (1048576 bytes depending on In Telecommunications a circuit switching network is one that establishes a fixed bandwidth circuit (or channel) between nodes and terminals GPRS is a best-effort packet switched service, as opposed to circuit switching, where a certain Quality of Service (QoS) is guaranteed during the connection for non-mobile users. Best effort delivery describes a network service in which the network does not provide any guarantees that data is delivered or that a user is given a guaranteed Quality In Telecommunications a circuit switching network is one that establishes a fixed bandwidth circuit (or channel) between nodes and terminals

2G cellular systems combined with GPRS is often described as "2.5G", that is, a technology between the second (2G) and third (3G) generations of mobile telephony. 2G (or 2-G is short for second-generation Wireless Telephone Technology. 25G is a stepping stone between 2G and 3G cellular wireless technologies 2G (or 2-G is short for second-generation Wireless Telephone Technology. 3G is the third generation of mobile phone standards and Technology, superseding 2 It provides moderate speed data transfer, by using unused Time division multiple access (TDMA) channels in, for example, the GSM system. This article is about the medium access technology The name "TDMA" is also commonly used in the United States to refer to D-AMPS, which is a mobile telephone Originally there was some thought to extend GPRS to cover other standards, but instead those networks are being converted to use the GSM standard, so that GSM is the only kind of network where GPRS is in use. GPRS is integrated into GSM Release 97 and newer releases. It was originally standardized by European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), but now by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). The European Telecommunications Standards Institute ( ETSI) is an independent non-for-profit Standardization organization of the Telecommunications The 3rd Generation Partnership Project ( 3GPP) is a collaboration between groups of telecommunications associations to make a globally applicable third generation ( 3G

Contents 1 Basics 1.1 Coding scheme 2 Services and hardware 2.1 USB GPRS modem 3 Availability 4 See also 5 References 6 External links

Basics

WAP is just a gateway used to access Internet via mobile phone and vice-versa. Usually, GPRS data are billed per kilobyte of information transceived, while circuit-switched data connections are billed per minute. A kilobyte (derived from the SI prefix Kilo -, meaning 1000 is a unit of Information or Computer storage equal to either 1024 The latter is inefficient because even when no data are being transferred, the bandwidth is unavailable to other potential users.

The multiple access methods used in GSM with GPRS are based on frequency division duplex (FDD) and TDMA. In Telecommunications and Computer networks, a channel access method or multiple access method allows several terminals connected to the same A duplex Communication system is a system composed of two connected parties or devices which can communicate with one another in both directions During a session, a user is assigned to one pair of up-link and down-link frequency channels. This is combined with time domain statistical multiplexing, i. Statistical multiplexing is a type of communication link sharing very similar to Dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA e. packet mode communication, which makes it possible for several users to share the same frequency channel. Packet switching is a network communications method that splits data traffic (digital representations of text sound or video data into chunks called packets, that are then The packets have constant length, corresponding to a GSM time slot. The down-link uses first-come first-served packet scheduling, while the up-link uses a scheme very similar to reservation ALOHA. Reservation ALOHA (R-ALOHA is a Multiple Access schema for wireless transmission which allows uncoordinated users to share a common transmission resource This means that slotted Aloha (S-ALOHA) is used for reservation inquiries during a contention phase, and then the actual data is transferred using dynamic TDMA with first-come first-served scheduling. ALOHAnet, also known as ALOHA, was a pioneering Computer networking system developed at the University of Hawaii. This article is about the medium access technology The name "TDMA" is also commonly used in the United States to refer to D-AMPS, which is a mobile telephone

GPRS originally supported (in theory) Internet Protocol (IP), Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) and X.25 connections. The Internet Protocol ( IP) is a protocol used for communicating data across a Packet-switched Internetwork using the Internet Protocol In networking, the Point-to-Point Protocol, or PPP, is a data link protocol commonly used to establish a direct connection between two nodes X25 is an ITU-T standard Network layer protocol for packet switched Wide area network (WAN communication The last has been typically used for applications like wireless payment terminals, although it has been removed from the standard. X. 25 can still be supported over PPP, or even over IP, but doing this requires either a router to perform encapsulation or intelligence built in to the end-device/terminal e. g. UE(User Equipment). In practice, when the mobile built-in browser is used, IPv4 is being utilized. Internet Protocol version 4 ( IPv4) is the fourth revision in the development of the Internet Protocol (IP and it is the first version of the protocol to be widely In this mode PPP is often not supported by the mobile phone operator, while IPv6 is not yet popular. A mobile network operator ( MNO) also known as carriage service provider ( CSP) wireless service provider, wireless carrier, Internet Protocol version 6 ( IPv6) is an Internet Layer protocol for packet -switched internetworks. But if the mobile is used as a modem to the connected computer, PPP is used to tunnel IP to the phone. This allows DHCP to assign an IP Address and then the use of IPv4 since IP addresses used by mobile equipment tend to be dynamic. Internet Protocol version 4 ( IPv4) is the fourth revision in the development of the Internet Protocol (IP and it is the first version of the protocol to be widely

Class A 

Can be connected to GPRS service and GSM service (voice, SMS), using both at the same time. Such devices are known to be available today.

Class B 

Can be connected to GPRS service and GSM service (voice, SMS), but using only one or the other at a given time. During GSM service (voice call or SMS), GPRS service is suspended, and then resumed automatically after the GSM service (voice call or SMS) has concluded. Most GPRS mobile devices are Class B.

Class C 

Are connected to either GPRS service or GSM service (voice, SMS). Must be switched manually between one or the other service.

A true Class A device may be required to transmit on two different frequencies at the same time, and thus will need two radios. To get around this expensive requirement, a GPRS mobile may implement the dual transfer mode (DTM) feature. Dual Transfer Mode ( DTM) is a protocol based on the GSM standard that allows simultaneous transfer of Circuit switched (CS voice and Packet switched A DTM-capable mobile may use simultaneous voice and packet data, with the network coordinating to ensure that it is not required to transmit on two different frequencies at the same time. Such mobiles are considered pseudo-Class A, sometimes referred to as "simple class A". Some networks are expected to support DTM in 2007.

GPRS is new technology in which speed is a direct function of the number of TDMA time slots assigned, which is the lesser of (a) what the particular cell supports and (b) the maximum capability of the mobile device expressed as a GPRS Multislot Class

Coding scheme

Coding  scheme	Speed  (kbit/s)
CS-1	8. A multislot class is an important part of a technical specification of a GPRS / EGPRS enabled mobile phone which primarily indicates the maximum number of radio Timeslots 0
CS-2	12. 0
CS-3	14. 4
CS-4	20. 0

Transfer speed depends also on the channel encoding used. The least robust, but fastest, coding scheme (CS-4) is available near a base transceiver station (BTS), while the most robust coding scheme (CS-1) is used when the mobile station (MS) is further away from a BTS.

Using the CS-4 it is possible to achieve a user speed of 20. 0 kbit/s per time slot. In telecommunications Bit rate or Data transfer rate is the average number of Bits characters or blocks per unit time passing between equipment in a data transmission However, using this scheme the cell coverage is 25% of normal. CS-1 can achieve a user speed of only 8. 0 kbit/s per time slot, but has 98% of normal coverage. Newer network equipment can adapt the transfer speed automatically depending on the mobile location.

Like CSD, HSCSD establishes a circuit and is usually billed per minute. High-Speed Circuit-Switched Data (HSCSD, is an enhancement to Circuit Switched Data, the original data transmission mechanism of the GSM Mobile phone system For an application such as downloading, HSCSD may be preferred, since circuit-switched data are usually given priority over packet-switched data on a mobile network, and there are relatively few seconds when no data are being transferred. To download is to receive data from a remote or central system such as a Webserver, FTP server, mail server or other similar systems In Telecommunications a circuit switching network is one that establishes a fixed bandwidth circuit (or channel) between nodes and terminals Packet switching is a network communications method that splits data traffic (digital representations of text sound or video data into chunks called packets, that are then

Technology	Download (kbit/s)	Upload (kbit/s)	Configuration
CSD	9. 6	9. 6	1+1
HSCSD	28. 8	14. 4	2+1
HSCSD	43. 2	14. 4	3+1
GPRS	80. 0	20. 0 (Class 8 & 10 and CS-4)	4+1
GPRS	60. 0	40. 0 (Class 10 and CS-4)	3+2
EGPRS (EDGE)	236. Enhanced Data rates for Global Evolution ( EDGE) Enhanced GPRS ( EGPRS) or IMT Single Carrier ( IMT-SC) 8	59. 2 (Class 8, 10 and MCS-9)	4+1
EGPRS (EDGE)	177. Enhanced Data rates for Global Evolution ( EDGE) Enhanced GPRS ( EGPRS) or IMT Single Carrier ( IMT-SC) 6	118. 4 (Class 10 and MCS-9)	3+2

GPRS is packet based. When TCP/IP is used, each phone can have one or more IP addresses allocated. The Internet Protocol Suite (commonly TCP/IP) is the set of Communications protocols used for the Internet and other similar networks An Internet Protocol ( IP) address is a numerical identification ( Logical address) that is assigned to devices participating in a Computer network GPRS will store and forward the IP packets to the phone during cell handover (when you move from one cell to another). A radio noise induced pause can be interpreted by TCP as packet loss, and cause a temporary throttling in transmission speed.

Services and hardware

GPRS upgrades GSM data services providing:

• Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS)
• Push to talk over Cellular PoC / PTT
• Instant Messaging and Presence -- Wireless Village
• Internet Applications for Smart Devices through Wireless Application Protocol (WAP)
• Point-to-point (PTP) service: internetworking with the Internet (IP protocols)
• Short Message Service (SMS)
• Future enhancements: flexible to add new functions, such as more capacity, more users, new accesses, new protocols, new radio networks. Multimedia Messaging Service, MMS for short is a Cellular telephone standard for sending messages that include multimedia objects (images audio video rich Push-to-talk ( PTT) also known as Press-to-Transmit, is a method of conversing on half-duplex communication lines including Two-way radio Wireless Village is a set of specifications for mobile Instant messaging and presence services. WAP is an open international Standard for Application layer network communications in a Wireless communication environment Short Message Service ( SMS) is a Communications protocol allowing the interchange of short text messages between mobile telephone devices.

USB GPRS modem

USB GPRS modems use a terminal-like interface USB 2. 0 and later, data formats V.42bis, and RFC 1144 and external antennas. V90 redirects here For the automobile see Volvo V90. The ITU-T V-Series Recommendations on Data communication over the telephone network An antenna is a Transducer designed to transmit or Receive electromagnetic waves In other words antennas convert electromagnetic waves into Modems can be add in cards (for laptop) or external USB devices which are similar in shape and size to a computer mouse.

GPRS can be used as the bearer of SMS. Short Message Service ( SMS) is a Communications protocol allowing the interchange of short text messages between mobile telephone devices. If SMS over GPRS is used, an SMS transmission speed of about 30 SMS messages per minute may be achieved. This is much faster than using the ordinary SMS over GSM, whose SMS transmission speed is about 6 to 10 SMS messages per minute

The GPRS context 1 is set with +CGDCONT Hayes command ^[1]. The Hayes command set is a specific command-language originally developed for the Hayes Smartmodem 300 Baud modem

Availability

In many areas, such as France, telephone operators have priced GPRS relatively cheaply (compared to older GSM data transfer, CSD and HSCSD). This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Circuit Switched Data ( CSD) is the original form of Data transmission developed for the Time division multiple access (TDMA-based Mobile phone High-Speed Circuit-Switched Data (HSCSD, is an enhancement to Circuit Switched Data, the original data transmission mechanism of the GSM Mobile phone system Some mobile phone operators offer flat rate access to the Internet, while others charge based on data transferred, usually rounded up to 100 kilobytes. A mobile network operator ( MNO) also known as carriage service provider ( CSP) wireless service provider, wireless carrier, A flat fee, also referred to as a flat rate or a linear rate, refers to a pricing structure that charges a single fixed fee for a service

During the heyday of GPRS in the developed countries, around 2005, typical prices varied from EUR €0,24 per megabyte to over €20 per megabyte. Please update other articles as well to avoid contradiction within Wikipedia e A megabyte is a unit of Information or Computer storage equal to either 106 (1000000 Bytes or 220 (1048576 bytes depending on In developing countries, prices vary widely, and change. Some operators gave free access while they decided pricing, for example in Togocel. tg in Togo, West Africa, others were over-priced, such as Tigo of Ghana at one US dollar per megabyte or Indonesia at $3 per megabyte. TOGO was a Japanese roller coaster design company famous for inventing the Stand-up roller coaster. The Republic of Ghana is a country in West Africa. It borders Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast to the west Burkina Faso to the north Togo to the The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia. Mero Mobile of Nepal charges users up to a set amount and then has unlimited Internet access. Nepal (नेपाल) is a Landlocked country in South Asia. AirTel of India charges $0. 025 per megabyte. A megabyte is a unit of Information or Computer storage equal to either 106 (1000000 Bytes or 220 (1048576 bytes depending on As of 2008, data access in Canada is still prohibitively expensive. For example, Fido charges $0. Fido Solutions, formerly known as Microcell Telecommunications is a Canadian Cellular telephone service provider 05 per kilobyte, or roughly $50 per megabyte. A kilobyte (derived from the SI prefix Kilo -, meaning 1000 is a unit of Information or Computer storage equal to either 1024 ^[2]. In Venezuela, Digitel charges about $20 per 100 Mb or $25 for unlimited access. Venezuela (ˌvɛnəˈzweɪlə) officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (Spanish República Bolivariana de Venezuela) is a country on the

Pre-Paid SIM Cards allow travelers to buy short term internet access. The mean price in developing nations is US$1 per hour.

The maximum speed of a GPRS connection offered in 2003 was similar to a modem connection in an analog wire telephone network, about 32 to 40 kbit/s, depending on the phone used. Modem (from mo dulator- dem odulator is a device that modulates an analog carrier signal to encode Digital information Latency is very high; a round-trip ping is typically about 600 to 700 ms and often reaches 1s. In Computing and especially Computer networks lag (slang is a symptom where the result of an action appears later than expected Ping is a Computer network tool used to test whether a particular host is reachable across an IP network it is also used to self test the network interface GPRS is typically prioritized lower than speech, and thus the quality of connection varies greatly.

In order to set up a GPRS connection for a wireless modem, a user must specify an access point name (APN), optionally a user name and password, and very rarely an IP address, all provided by the network operator. Mobile phones can be employed as data modems to form a wireless access point connecting a personal computer to the Internet (or some proprietary network) Access Point Name or APN is the name of an access point for GPRS. An Internet Protocol ( IP) address is a numerical identification ( Logical address) that is assigned to devices participating in a Computer network

Devices with latency/RTT improvements (via e. g. the extended UL TBF mode feature) are generally available. Also, network upgrades of features are available with certain operators. With these enhancements the active round-trip time can be reduced, resulting in significant increase in application-level throughput speeds.

See also

• APRS
• CDMA
• EDGE
• UMTS
• GPRS Core Network
• SNDCP
• IP Multimedia Subsystem
• HSDPA
• Multiplayer Mobile games
• List of device bandwidths

The right convention for Access Point is AP

References

External links

• Introduction of high-speed data in GSM/GPRS networks
• GPRS Security Information
• Free GPRS Resources
• Free online tutorial.
• GSM World, the trade association for GSM and GPRS network operators.
• Palowireless GPRS Resource Center
• GPRS Attach and PDP Context Activation Sequence Diagram
• GPRS Tutorial How machines use the GPRS network
• GPRS to Wi-Fi How-to The Yellow Subterfuge GPRS Blog

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