In chemistry, the term geminal (from Latin gemini = twins) refers to the relationship between two functional groups that are attached to the same atom. Chemistry (from Egyptian kēme (chem meaning "earth") is the Science concerned with the composition structure and properties Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. In Organic chemistry, functional groups are specific groups of Atoms within Molecules that are responsible for the characteristic Chemical reactions The prefix gem is applied to a chemical name to denote this relationship, as in a gem-dibromide.
The following example shows the conversion of a cyclohexyl methyl ketone to a gem-dichloride through a reaction with phosphorus pentachloride. A ketone (pronounced as key tone) is either the Functional group characterized by a Carbonyl group (O=C linked to two other Carbon atoms or This gem-dichloride can then be used to synthesize an alkyne. Alkynes are Hydrocarbons that have at least one Triple bond between two Carbon atoms with the formula CnH2n-2.
The term is often used in NMR spectroscopy, as the relationship between atoms is important in determining the size of coupling constants. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy, is the name given to a technique which exploits the magnetic properties of certain nuclei
The related term vicinal refers to the relationship between two functional groups that are attached to adjacent atoms. In Chemistry vicinal (from Latin vicinus = neighbour stands for any two Functional groups bonded to two adjacent Carbon atoms
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