Main article: Jewish eschatology

Part of a series on Hell / Underworld

Religions: Ancient Greek view Norse view Buddhist view Chinese view Christian view Hindu view Islamic view Judaic view Words: Diyu Duat Gehenna Hades Hel Jahannam Limbo Naraka Purgatory Sheol Tartarus Yomi Related: Devil Fire and brimstone Harrowing of Hell Problem of Hell Outer darkness Satan This box: view • talk • edit

Gehennam (or gehenom or gehinom (גהינום)) is the Jewish hell or purgatory. Jewish eschatology is concerned with the Jewish Messiah, Afterlife, and the revival of the dead. Hell, according to many Religious beliefs, is a location in the Afterlife, which may be described as a place of suffering In the study of Mythology and Religion, the underworld (gr κάτω κόσμος) is a generic term approximately equivalent to the lay term Afterlife Hades (from Greek, Hadēs, originally, Haidēs or, Aidēs, probably from Indo-European *n̥-wid- 'unseen' refers both to the ancient Niflheimr or Niflheim (" Mist Home" the "Abode of Mist" or "Mist World" Nifl being cognate with the Old English Naraka नरक ( Sanskrit) or Niraya निरय ( Pāli) ( Ch 那落迦 (variant 捺落迦 Nàlùojiā or 地獄 Dì Diyu ( literally "earth prison" is the realm of the dead or " Hell " in Chinese mythology. Naraka is the Sanskrit word for the Underworld; literally of man. Jahannam (جهنم(in Turkish: cehennem in Bosnian: džehennem is the Islamic equivalent to Gei Hinnom, or Hell. Diyu ( literally "earth prison" is the realm of the dead or " Hell " in Chinese mythology. In Egyptian mythology, Duat (or Tuat (also called Akert, Amenthes, or Neter-khertet) is the Underworld. Hades (from Greek, Hadēs, originally, Haidēs or, Aidēs, probably from Indo-European *n̥-wid- 'unseen' refers both to the ancient See also Death in Norse paganism In Norse mythology, Hel, the location shares a name with Hel, a female figure associated with the location Jahannam (جهنم(in Turkish: cehennem in Bosnian: džehennem is the Islamic equivalent to Gei Hinnom, or Hell. See also Intermediate state Purgatory|Heaven|Sheol|Hades in Christianity|Hell in Christianity In Roman Catholic theology Limbo (Latin limbus Naraka is the Sanskrit word for the Underworld; literally of man. See also Intermediate state Limbo|Heaven|Sheol|Hades in Christianity|Hell in Christianity Purgatory, in the original sense is the condition or process of purification Sheol (pronounced "Sheh-ole" in Hebrew שאול (Sh'ol is the "abode of the dead" the " Underworld " "the common In classic Greek mythology below Heaven, Earth, and Pontus is Tartarus, or Tartaros ( Greek Τάρταρος deep place Yomi (黄泉 the Japanese word for the underworld in which horrible creatures guard the exits according to Shinto mythology as related in Kojiki The Devil is the The Harrowing of Hell is a doctrine in Christian theology referenced in the Apostles' Creed and the Athanasian Creed (Quicumque vult, which states that The problem of hell is an argument against the existence of God. In Christianity, the outer darkness is a place referred to three times in the Gospel of Matthew (812 2213 and 2530 into which a person may be "cast out" Satan, ( Standard Hebrew Satan'el, English accuser) is a term that originates from the Abrahamic faiths, being traditionally PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ Hell, according to many Religious beliefs, is a location in the Afterlife, which may be described as a place of suffering See also Intermediate state Limbo|Heaven|Sheol|Hades in Christianity|Hell in Christianity Purgatory, in the original sense is the condition or process of purification In Judaism hell is a place of purification^[1] and fire for the wicked, most being punished there up to a year but some for eternity. ^[2] In English, Jews commonly use the term "hell" in place of "gehenna. " The name derived from the burning garbage dump near Jerusalem (the Hinnom gulch), metaphorically identified with the entrance to the underworld of punishment in the afterlife.

Gehenna also appears in the New Testament and in early Christian writing to represent the place where evil will be destroyed. It lends its name to Islam's hell, Jahannam. Jahannam (جهنم(in Turkish: cehennem in Bosnian: džehennem is the Islamic equivalent to Gei Hinnom, or Hell. In both Rabbinical Jewish and Christian writing, Gehenna as a destination of the wicked is different from Sheol, the abode of all the dead. Sheol (pronounced "Sheh-ole" in Hebrew שאול (Sh'ol is the "abode of the dead" the " Underworld " "the common

Contents 1 Etymology 2 Biblical era 3 New Testament 4 References 5 External links and references

Etymology

"Gehenna" is derived from "Ge Hinnom", meaning "Valley of Hinnom". "Ge Hinnom" is also called "Gai ben-Hinnom", meaning "valley of Hinnom's son". The valley is outside the south wall of ancient Jerusalem, and stretches from the foot of Mount Zion eastward to Kidron Valley. Mount Zion (הר צִיּוֹן Har Tzion) is a hill just outside the walls of the Old City of Jerusalem. 　It is mentioned 13 times in 11 different verses in the Bible (King James Version) as "valley of Hinnom", "valley of the son of Hinnom" or "valley of the children of Hinnom. " It is not described as a spiritual hell but a literal valley in Jerusalem (Joshua 15:8, Joshua 18:16, 2nd Kings 23:10, 2 Chronicles 28:3, 2nd Chronicles 33:6,Nehemiah 11:30, Jeremiah 7:31~32, Jeremiah 19:2, Jeremiah 19:6, Jeremiah 32:35) After 638 B. C. , the valley of Hinnom and the valley of the son of Hinnom became the place for burning rubbish from Jerusalem.

The word gehenna (Gehennem, Jahannam) also occurs in the Muslim holy book, the Qur'an, as a place of torment for sinners or Islamic equivalent to hell. A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion The Qur’an ( القرآن, literally "the recitation" also sometimes transliterated as Qur’ān, Koran, Alcoran

Biblical era

The southwestern gate of Jerusalem, overlooking the valley, came to be known as "The Gate of the Valley" (Hebrew: שער הגיא‎). Jeremiah 7:31; 19:2-6; 32:35; the Book of Jeremiah (2:23) speaks of residents worshipping Moloch and committing abominations, foreshadowing the destruction of Jerusalem. The Book of Jeremiah, or Jeremiah ( יִרְמְיָהוּ Yirməyāhū in Hebrew) is part of the Hebrew Bible, Judaism Moloch, Molech, Molekh, or Molek, representing Hebrew מלך mlk, (translated directly into king is either the name of a Abomination ( Latin abominatus past participle of abominari "to deprecate as an ill omen" English term used to translate the Biblical term In ancient times, children were sacrificed to the pagan god Molech in Gehenna, a practice that was outlawed by King Josiah (2 Kings, 23:10). CHILD syndrome (or congenital hemidysplasia with ichthyosiform erythroderma and limb defects) is a genetic disorder Josiah or Yoshiyahu ( was king of Judah, and son of Amon and Jedidah, the daughter of Adaiah of Bozkath. Biblical commentator Rashi explains that priests would bang on drums (Hebrew: tof, tupim) (תופים) so fathers would not hear the groans of children being sacrificed. For the astrological concept see Rāshi (Jyotiṣa. Rabbi Shlomo Yitzhaki, (רבי שלמה יצחקי better known by the acronym Rashi Hence the name Topheth. Fires were kept burning and the valley became the garbage dump of the city. For other uses see Water treatment and Land reclamation. A landfill, also known as a dump (and historically as The dead bodies of criminals, and the carcasses of animals were also thrown there. In the sociological field, crime is the breach of a rule or Law for which some governing authority or force may ultimately prescribe a Punishment

New Testament

In the synoptic gospels Jesus uses the word Gehenna 12 times to describe the opposite to the life during the promised kingdom ^[3]. The synoptic gospels are the first three Gospels of the New Testament in the Christian Bible. It is a place where both soul and body could be destroyed (Matthew 10:28) in "unquenchable fire" (Mark 9:43).

In the Gospel of Matthew 23:33, Jesus observes, "Ye serpents, ye generation of vipers, how can ye escape the damnation of gehenna?”. The Gospel of Matthew (Gk Κατά Ματθαίον Ευαγγέλιον is one of the four Canonical gospels in the New Testament and is a Synoptic gospel Serpent is a word of Latin origin (from serpens serpentis "something that creeps snake" that is commonly used in a specifically mythic or VIPeR is a Military robot developed by the Israeli company Elbit Systems and intended for use in warfare Dammit redirects here to see the Opeth album see Damnation (album. The word gehenna is also found in the epistle of James, where it is said to set the tongue on fire. The Epistle of James is a book in the Christian New Testament. Many Christians understand gehenna to be a place of eternal punishment called hell ^[4]. On the other hand, annihilationists, such as Jehovah's Witnesses, understand gehenna to be a place where sinners are utterly destroyed (like garbage in a burning dump), not tormented forever. Annihilationism is the minority Christian Doctrine that Sinners are destroyed rather than tormented Forever in "hell" or Jehovah's Witnesses is a restorationist, millenialist Christian denomination Christian Universalists, who believe that God will eventually save all souls, interpret the New Testament references to Gehenna in the context of the Old Testament, and conclude that it always refers to the imminent divine judgment of Israel and not to eternal torment for the unsaved.

The New Testament refers to hades as a destination of the dead. See also Intermediate state Sheol|Hell in Christianity Hades is "the place or state of departed spirits" Hades is portrayed as a different place from gehenna. Yet, even so, the Book of Revelation describes the final destination of hades as the Lake of Fire (Revelation 20:14), which many Christians today interpret as meaning the same thing as gehenna. A lake of fire appears in both Ancient Egyptian and Christian religion as a place where after death the wicked are punished or destroyed

References

External links and references

• Daily Bible Study page on the Valley of Hinnom
• Encyclopedia.com on Gehenna
• Columbia Encyclopedia on the Valley of Hinnom
• Biblical Proper Names on the Valley of Hinnom
• Gehenna from the 1901-1906 Jewish Encyclopedia
• The Jewish view of Hell on chabad. org
• A Christian Universalist perspective from Tentmaker. org

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