Geelong Victoria
Corner of Moorabool and Malop Streets, Geelong
Population:	160,991 (2006) [1] (12)
• Density:	165. In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology This list of Australian cities by population briefly explains the three different population figures given for Australian cities and provides rankings for each Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 3/km² (428. 1/sq mi)
Established:	1836
Area:	1240 km² (478. Year 1836 ( MDCCCXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 8 sq mi)
Time zone:  • Summer (DST)	AEST (UTC+10) AEDT (UTC+11)
LGA:	City of Greater Geelong
County:	Grant
State District:	Geelong South Barwon Lara Bellarine
Federal Division:	Corio Corangamite

Geelong (pronounced /'dʒɪlɑːŋ/) is the second largest city in the state of Victoria, Australia and is the largest regional centre in the state. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. Daylight saving time ( DST Standard time was introduced into Australia in the 1890s when all colonies adopted standard times The UTC+10 Time zone covers the following locations Australia (AEST&mdash Australian Eastern Standard Time) Australian Standard time was introduced into Australia in the 1890s when all colonies adopted standard times UTC+11 is the Time zone for the following locations As standard (non-DST time Federated States of Micronesia There are 79 Local Government Areas in the Australian state of Victoria. The City of Greater Geelong is a Local Government Area in Victoria Australia. Cadastral divisions of Australia (also called Land administrative divisions) refers to the parts of Australia which are divided into the cadastral units The County of Grant is one of the 37 Counties of Victoria which are part of the Cadastral divisions of Australia, used for land titles State Electoral District is a term used to refer to an electorate within the Lower House or Legislative The Electoral district of Geelong is an electoral district of the Victorian Legislative Assembly. South Barwon is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Victoria. Lara is a seat in the Victorian Legislative Assembly. It covers much of the area between the western suburbs of Melbourne and the regional city of Geelong The Electoral district of Bellarine is an electoral district of the Victorian Legislative Assembly. The Australian House of Representatives is elected from 150 single-member districts called Divisions. The Division of Corio is an Australian Electoral Division in Victoria. The Division of Corangamite is an Australian Electoral Division in Victoria. Waterfront Geelong is a tourist and recreation area on the north facing shores of Corio Bay in Geelong, Australia. Grovedale is a mainly residential southern suburb of Geelong, Victoria, Australia. This is a list of cities in Australia arranged by state Australian Capital Territory Canberra ( Capital The Commonwealth of Australia is made up of 8 states and territories controlled under a federal system of government For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. It is a port city with an urban population of 160,991 people,^[1] and one of the largest provincial cities in Australia. ||-||-|-||-||-||-||-||-||-|} A port is a facility for receiving Ships and transferring cargo The city is located on Corio Bay and the Barwon River, 75 kilometres (47 mi) south-west of the state's capital, Melbourne, and is covered by the City of Greater Geelong municipality. Corio Bay is one of numerous bays in the southwest corner of Australia's Port Phillip, and is the bay on which abuts the City of Geelong. The Barwon River rises in the Otway Ranges of Victoria, Australia, runs through Winchelsea and the city of Geelong, where it is joined Melbourne ( is the second most populous city in Australia, with a Metropolitan area population of approximately 3 The City of Greater Geelong is a Local Government Area in Victoria Australia.

The urban area runs from the plains of Lara in the north to the rolling hills of Waurn Ponds to the south, with the bay to the east and hills to the west. Lara is a residential and rural town 15km north-east of Geelong, inland from the Princes Freeway to Waurn Ponds is a mainly residential southern suburb of Geelong, Victoria, Australia. The climate is temperate, with four distinct seasons. Climate encompasses the temperatures humidity rainfall atmospheric particle count and numerous other meteorogical factors in a given region over long periods of The city is the home to car manufacturer Ford Australia and the Geelong Football Club, nicknamed The Cats. Ford Australia is the Australian subsidiary of Ford Motor Company and was founded in Geelong, Victoria in 1925 as an outpost of Ford Motor Company of Geelong Football Club, nicknamed The Cats, is a professional Australian rules football club based in the city of Geelong.

Geelong was named in 1837 by Governor Richard Burke, with the name derived from the local Wathaurong Aboriginal name for the region, Jillong, thought to mean 'land' or 'cliffs'. Wathaurong, Indigenous Australian tribe living in the area near Melbourne, Geelong and the Bellarine Peninsula. Indigenous Australians are descendants of the first known human inhabitants of the Australian continent and its nearby islands. ^[2] The area was first surveyed in 1838, three weeks after Melbourne. The first woolstore was erected in this period and Geelong became the port for the wool industry of the Western District. Wool is the fiber derived from the specialized skin cells called follicles of animals in the Caprinae family principally sheep, but the hair of certain species The Western District is a region of Australia located in the south-west corner of the state of Victoria (Australia, extending to ^[3] The gold rush in Ballarat saw the population of Geelong increase to 22,000 by the mid 1850s. The Victorian Gold rush was a period in the history of Victoria, Australia approximately between 1851 and the late 1860s ^[4] The city then diversified into manufacturing, rivalling Sydney, Hobart and Melbourne as wool mills, ropeworks, and paper mills were established,^[5] but the next few decades saw the population stay relatively constant until the 20th century. A rope is a length of Fibers twisted or Braided together to improve strength for pulling and Connecting. A paper mill is a Factory devoted to making Paper from wood pulp and other ingredients using a Fourdrinier Machine or similar apparatus

Geelong was proclaimed a city in 1910, with industrial growth from this time until the 1960s establishing the city as a manufacturing centre for the state,^[3] and saw the population grow to over 100,000 by the mid 1960s. ^[6] Population increases over the last decade were due to growth in service industries,^[7] as the manufacturing sector has declined. Redevelopment of the inner city has occurred since the 1990s, as well as gentrification of inner suburbs. Urban Renewal (similar to Urban Regeneration in British English) is a controversial U Gentrification, or urban gentrification, is the change in an Urban area associated with the movement of more affluent individuals into a lower-class Geelong now has a population growth rate higher than the national average,^[8] and is the 12th largest city in Australia. ^[9]

Contents 1 History 1.1 1800s: White settlement 1.2 1830s: Town beginnings 1.3 1850s: Gold rush 1.4 1860s: Growth slows 1.5 1900s: A city develops 1.6 1970s: A time of change 1.7 21st century 2 Geography 2.1 City and suburbs 2.2 Climate 3 Economy 4 Demographics 5 Government 6 Culture 6.1 Arts and entertainment 6.2 Media 6.3 Tourism 6.4 Geelong in film 7 Education 8 Infrastructure 8.1 Utilities 8.2 Transportation 9 Sports 10 Sister cities 11 See also 12 References 13 External links

History

See also: Timeline of Geelong history

1800s: White settlement

The area of Geelong and the Bellarine Peninsula was originally occupied by Aboriginal tribes, notably the Wathaurong people, before white settlement in the early 1800s. This is a timeline of major events in the history of the city of Geelong, Australia. Wathaurong, Indigenous Australian tribe living in the area near Melbourne, Geelong and the Bellarine Peninsula. ^[10]

The first non-Aboriginal person recorded as visiting the Geelong region was Lt. John Murray, who commanded the brig Lady Nelson. John Murray (c1775&ndashc1807 was a seaman and explorer of Australia. The Lady Nelson was a vessel used in the exploration of the coast of Australia in the early years of the 19th century ^[4] After anchoring outside Port Phillip Heads (the narrow entrance to Port Phillip, onto which both Geelong and Melbourne now front) on 1 February 1802 he sent a small boat with six men to explore. "Port Phillip" may also refer to a Local Government Area called the City of Port Phillip. Melbourne ( is the second most populous city in Australia, with a Metropolitan area population of approximately 3 Events 1327 - Teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen Year 1802 ( MDCCCII) was a Common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar or a Common year starting on Wednesday of the ^[11] Led by John Bowen they explored the immediate area, returning to the Lady Nelson on 4 February. John Bowen may refer to John Bowen (bishop, bishop of Sierra Leone John S Events 211 - Roman Emperor Septimius Severus dies leaving the Roman Empire in the hands of his two quarrelsome sons On reporting favourable findings, the Lady Nelson entered Port Phillip on 14 February, and did not leave until 12 March. "Port Phillip" may also refer to a Local Government Area called the City of Port Phillip. Events 842 - Charles the Bald and Louis the German swear the Oaths of Strasbourg in the French and German Events 538 - Witiges, king of the Ostrogoths ends his siege of Rome and retreats to Ravenna, leaving During this time, Murray explored the Geelong area and, whilst on the far side of the bay, claimed the entire area for Britain. He named the bay Port King, after Philip Gidley King,^[11] then Governor of New South Wales. Philip Gidley King RN (23 April 1758 &ndash 3 September 1808 was an British naval officer and colonial administrator Governor King later renamed the bay Port Phillip Bay after the first governor of Australia, Arthur Phillip. Admiral Arthur Phillip RN (11 October 1738 &ndash 31 August 1814 was a British naval Admiraland colonial administrator ^[12] Arriving not long after Murray was Matthew Flinders, who entered Port Phillip Bay on 27 April 1802. Captain Matthew Flinders, RN (16 March 1774 – 19 July 1814 was one of the most successful navigators and cartographers of his age Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated Year 1802 ( MDCCCII) was a Common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar or a Common year starting on Wednesday of the ^[4] He charted the entire bay, including the Geelong area, believing he was the first to sight the huge expanse of water, but in a rush to reach Sydney before winter set in he left Port Phillip on 3 May. Events 1491 - Kongo monarch Nkuwu Nzinga is baptised by Portuguese missionaries adopting the baptismal name of João

In January 1803, Surveyor-General Charles Grimes arrived at Port Phillip in the sloop Cumberland and mapped the area, including the future site of Geelong,^[11] but reported the area was unfavourable for settlement and returned to Sydney on 27 February. Charles Grimes ( 24 February 1772 – 19 February 1858) was an English surveyor of Australia, surveyor-general of New For the military definition of sloop see Sloop-of-war. For the open learning project see SLOOP Project. ^[13] In October of the same year, the HMS Calcutta led by Lieutenant-Colonel David Collins arrived in the bay to establish the Sullivan Bay penal colony. Five ships of the Royal Navy have been named HMS Calcutta, after the Indian city of Calcutta (now Kolkata) David Collins ( 3 March 1754 – 24 March 1810) was the inaugural Lieutenant Governor of the Colony of Van Diemens Land, founded Sullivan Bay lies 60 km due south of Melbourne on Port Phillip Bay, one km east of Sorrento Victoria. A penal colony is a Settlement used to detain Prisoners and generally use them for Penal labour in an economically underdeveloped part of the state's ^[11] Collins was dissatisfied with the area chosen, and sent a small party led by First Lieutenant J. H. Tuckey to investigate alternate sites. ^[14] The party spent 22 October to 27 October on the north shore of Corio Bay, where the first Aboriginal death at the hands of European in Victoria occurred. See also Indigenous Australians The Indigenous Australians of Victoria, Australia shared many characteristics with those elsewhere on mainland ^[11]

The next European visit to the Geelong area was by the explorers Hamilton Hume and William Hovell. Hamilton Hume ( 19 June 1797 &ndash 19 April 1873) was the first Australian born explorer William Hilton Hovell ( 26 April 1786 – 9 November 1875) was an English explorer of Australia. They reached the northern edge of Corio Bay - the area of Port Phillip Bay that Geelong now fronts - on 16 December 1824,^[15] and it was at this time they reported that the Aborigines called the area Corayo, the bay being called Jillong. Corio Bay is one of numerous bays in the southwest corner of Australia's Port Phillip, and is the bay on which abuts the City of Geelong. Events 755 - An Lushan revolts against Chancellor Yang Guozhong at Fanyang, initiating the An Shi Rebellion Year 1824 ( MDCCCXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year ^[4] Hume and Hovell had been contracted to travel overland from Sydney to Port Phillip, and having achieved this they stayed the night and begun their return journey two days later on 18 December. Events 218 BC - Second Punic War: Battle of the Trebia - Hannibal 's Carthaginian forces defeat those of the ^[15]

The convict William Buckley escaped from the Sullivan Bay settlement in 1803, and lived among the Wathaurong people for 32 years on the Bellarine Peninsula. A convict is "a person found guilty of a Crime and sentenced by a court" or "a person serving a sentence in prison" sometimes referred to in Slang Sullivan Bay lies 60 km due south of Melbourne on Port Phillip Bay, one km east of Sorrento Victoria. ^[16] In 1835, John Batman used Indented Head as his base camp,^[17] leaving behind several employees whilst he returned to Tasmania (then known as Van Diemen's Land) for more supplies and his family. John Batman (born 21 January 1801 - 6 May 1839) was an Australian farmer and businessman who was Indented Head is a small coastal township located on the Bellarine Peninsula, east of Geelong, Tasmania is an Australian island and state of the same name It is located south of the eastern side of the Continent, being separated from it by Bass Van Diemen's Land was the original name used by Europeans for the island of Tasmania, now part of Australia. In this same year, Buckley surrendered to the party led by John Helder Wedge and was later pardoned by Lieutenant-Governor Sir George Arthur, and subsequently given the position of interpreter to the natives. John Helder Wedge (1793 – 22 November 1872) surveyor and explorer was the second son of Charles Wedge of Shudy Camps, Cambridge A pardon is the forgiveness of a crime and the penalty associated with it Language interpreting or interpretation is the intellectual activity of facilitating oral and sign-language communication either simultaneously or consecutively between two ^[18]

1830s: Town beginnings

In March 1836, three squatters, David Fisher, James Strachan and George Russell arrived on the Caledonia and settled the area. In Australian history ' squatter' referred to those who occupied large tracts of Crown land in order to graze Livestock. ^[11] Geelong was first surveyed by Assistant Surveyor, W. H. Smythe three weeks after Melbourne, and was gazetted as a town on 10 October 1838. Melbourne ( is the second most populous city in Australia, with a Metropolitan area population of approximately 3 Events 680 - Battle of Karbala: Shia Imam Husayn bin Ali, the grandson of the Prophet Muhammad, is decapitated Year 1838 ( MDCCCXXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common ^[4] There was already a church, hotel, store and wool store, 82 houses, and the town population was 545. ^[4] By 1840, the first wool had been sent to England and a regular steamer service was running between Geelong and Melbourne. A steamboat or steamship, sometimes called a steamer, is a ship in which the primary method of propulsion is steam power, typically driving a Propeller ^[17] Captain Foster Fyans was commissioned as the local Police Magistrate in 1837 and established himself on the Barwon River at the site of the area of present-day Fyansford. Foster Fyans (1790 - 1870 soldier penal administrator and public servant was acting commandant of the second Convict settlement at Norfolk Island, the first police Police are agents or agencies usually of the executive, empowered to enforce the law and to effect public and social order through the legitimatized use of force A magistrate is a judicial officer In Common law systems a magistrate usually has limited authority to administer and enforce the Law. Fyansford is a township on the western edge of Geelong, Victoria, Australia, named after Captain Foster Fyans who came to Geelong as a Police ^[19] Fyans constructed a breakwater to improve the water supply to the city by preventing the salty lower reaches from mixing with fresh water and pooling water. Breakwaters are structures constructed on coasts as part of coastal defence or to protect an anchorage from the effects of Weather and Longshore drift.

The Geelong Keys were discovered around 1845 by Governor Charles La Trobe on Corio Bay. The Geelong Keys were a set of keys discovered in 1845 or 1846 in the time of Governor Charles La Trobe at Corio Bay in Victoria, Australia. Charles Joseph La Trobe ( 20 March 1801 – 4 December 1875) was the first lieutenant-governor of the colony of Victoria They were embedded in the stone in such a way that he believed that they had been there for 100–150 years, possibly dropped by Portuguese explorers. Although most historians hold that the European discovery of Australia began in 1606 with the voyage of the Dutch navigator Willem Janszoon on board the ^[20] In 1849, Fyans was nominated as the inaugural Mayor of the Geelong Town Council. ^[19] An early settler of Geelong, Alexander Thomson, for which the area of Thomson in East Geelong is named, settled on the Barwon River, and was Mayor of Geelong on five occasions from 1850–1858. Dr Alexander Thomson (c 1800 - 1 January 1866 was elected as the first Mayor of Geelong and held the position on five occasions from 1850 - 1858 East Geelong is a residential suburb of Geelong, Victoria, Australia. This is a list of the Mayors of the City of Greater Geelong, a Local Government Area, and the second largest city in Victoria, Australia ^[21]

1850s: Gold rush

See also: Victorian gold rush

Gold was discovered in nearby Ballarat in 1851, causing the Geelong population to grow to 23,000 people by the mid 1850s. The Victorian Gold rush was a period in the history of Victoria, Australia approximately between 1851 and the late 1860s Ballarat (formerly spelt "Ballaarat" is a city in Victoria, Australia, and one of the country's largest inland cities ^[4] To counter this, a false map was issued by Melbourne interests to new arrivals, showing the quickest road to the goldfields as being via Melbourne. ^[4] The first issue of the Geelong Advertiser newspaper was published in 1840 by James Harrison, who also devised the world's first successful ice making and refrigeration machinery in 1856. The Geelong Advertiser is a daily newspaper servicing Geelong, Victoria, Australia, the Bellarine Peninsula and surrounding areas James Harrison (April 1816 - September 3 1893 was a Scottish newspaper printer journalist politician and pioneer in the field of mechanical Refrigeration is the process of removing Heat from an enclosed space or from a substance and moving it to a place where it is unobjectionable ^[4]

The Geelong Hospital was opened in 1852, and construction on the Geelong Town Hall commenced in 1855. The Geelong Hospital is an Australian Public hospital located in Ryrie Street Geelong Victoria. Geelong Town Hall is a civic building located on Gheringhap Street in central Geelong, Victoria. ^[6] Development of the Port of Geelong began with the creation of the first shipping channel in Corio Bay in 1853. The Port of Geelong is located on the shores of Corio Bay in Geelong, Victoria, Australia. Physical geography, a channel is the physical confine of a River, slough or ocean Strait consisting of a bed and banks Corio Bay is one of numerous bays in the southwest corner of Australia's Port Phillip, and is the bay on which abuts the City of Geelong. ^[6] The Geelong to Melbourne railway was built by the Geelong and Melbourne Railway Company in 1857 ^[22] and extended to Ballarat in 1862. This article is about the V/Line service For the railway itself see Port Fairy railway line The Geelong Line is a regional passenger rail service See also Railways in Melbourne The Geelong and Melbourne Railway Company was a railway company in Victoria, Australia. ^[22] Rabbits were introduced to Australia in 1859 by Thomas Austin, who imported them from England for hunting purposes at his Barwon Park property near Winchelsea. Rabbits are small Mammals in the family Leporidae of the order Lagomorpha, found in several parts of the world In Australia, Rabbits are the most serious Mammalian pests, an Invasive species whose destruction of habitats is responsible for Thomas Austin (1815 – 1871 was a pioneer settler in Van Diemen’s Land and Winchelsea, Victoria Australia, and is generally credited with the introduction Hunting is the practice of pursuing Animals for Food, Recreation, or Trade. Winchelsea is a town in Victoria, Australia.It is in the Surf Coast Shire local government area and located on the Barwon River 115 km south-west ^[23] One of Geelong's best known department stores, Bright and Hitchcocks, was opened in 1861,^[6] and the HM Prison Geelong built using convict labour, was opened in 1864. Bright and Hitchcocks was a Department Store in Geelong Victoria. HM Prison Geelong was a maximum security Australia Prison located on the corner of Myers Street and Swanston Street in Geelong, Victoria, Australia ^[24]

In 1866 Graham Berry started a newspaper, the Geelong Register, as a rival to the established Geelong Advertiser. Sir Graham Berry, KCMG ( 28 August 1822 - 25 January 1904) Australian colonial politician was the 11th When this proved unsuccessful, he bought the Advertiser and made himself editor of the now merged papers. ^[25] Using the paper as a platform, he was elected for West Geelong in 1869. Geelong West is a commercial and residential suburb of Geelong, Victoria, Australia. In 1877 he switched to Geelong, which he represented until 1886, and served as Victorian Premier in 1875, 1877–1880, and 1880–1881. See Premiers of the Australian states for a description and history of the office of Premier ^[26] On the Market Square in the middle of the city, a clock tower was erected in 1856,^[27] and an Exhibition Building was opened in 1879, ahead of Melbourne. Geelong's Market Square was established as part of the initial surveying of the town

1860s: Growth slows

The gold rush had seen Ballarat and Bendigo grow larger than Geelong in terms of population. Ballarat (formerly spelt "Ballaarat" is a city in Victoria, Australia, and one of the country's largest inland cities Bendigo is a regional city in central Victoria Australia, located in the City of Greater Bendigo. Melbourne critics dubbed Geelong 'Sleepy Hollow',^[4] a tag that reoccurred many times in the following years. Melbourne ( is the second most populous city in Australia, with a Metropolitan area population of approximately 3 A number of industries became established in Geelong, including Victoria's first woollen mill at South Geelong in 1868. Textile manufacturing is one of the oldest human industries The oldest known Textiles date back to about 5000 B South Geelong also referred to as Geelong South, is a residential and industrial In 1869 the clipper Lightning caught fire at the Yarra Street pier and was cast adrift in Corio Bay to burn before finally sunk by artillery fire. A clipper was a very fast Sailing ship of the 19th century that had multiple masts and a Square rig. History When Lightning was built in 1854 in Boston America's extreme clipper boom was on the wane ^[17] Improvements to transport saw Geelong emerge as the centre of the Western District of Victoria, with railway lines extended towards Colac in 1876, and to Queenscliff in 1879. The Western District is a region of Australia located in the south-west corner of the state of Victoria (Australia, extending to Colac is a town in the western district of Victoria Australia, situated approximately 150 kilometres south-west of Melbourne on the southern shore of Lake Colac The Bellarine Railway is a volunteer-operated steam-driven tourist railway located in Victoria, Australia. ^[22] Construction of the Hopetoun shipping channel began in 1881 and completed in1893. Corio Bay is one of numerous bays in the southwest corner of Australia's Port Phillip, and is the bay on which abuts the City of Geelong. ^[6]

The Geelong Cup was first held in 1872 and Victoria's first long distance telephone call was made from Geelong to Queenscliff on 8 January 1878, only one year after the invention of the device itself. The Geelong Cup is an annual Australian Group 3 Thoroughbred horse race. Basic principle A traditional landline telephone system also known as "plain old telephone service" (POTS, commonly handles both signaling and audio information Queenscliff is a small town on the Bellarine Peninsula at the entrance to Port Phillip in southern Victoria Australia and is bounded on its north side Events 871 - Battle of Ashdown - Ethelred of Wessex defeats a Danish invasion army Year 1878 ( MDCCCLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common ^[6] Geelong was also the home of a prosperous wine industry until the emergence of the grapevine eating insect phylloxera vastatrix in 1885, which killed the industry until the 1960s. This article is about the grape phylloxera For the Genus, see Phylloxera (genus. ^[6] Between 1886 and 1889 the central business district's major banks and insurance companies erected new premises in a solid and ornate character. The Geelong city centre (also referred to as the Central Activities Area by the City of Greater Geelong) is a locality surrounded by suburban Geelong ^[4] The existing Geelong Post Office was built during this time and the Gordon Technical College was established. The current Geelong Post Office opened in 1994 and is located on the corner of Gheringhap and Little Myers Streets The Gordon Institute of TAFE is the TAFE institute servicing Geelong Victoria since 1888. Further industrial growth occurred with the Fyansford cement works established in 1890. Fyansford is a township on the western edge of Geelong, Victoria, Australia, named after Captain Foster Fyans who came to Geelong as a Police ^[28]

1900s: A city develops

The town of Geelong officially became a city on 8 December 1910. Events 1609 - Biblioteca Ambrosiana opens its reading room the second public library of Europe. Year 1910 ( MCMX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting The city gained a number of essential services, with electric light supplied by the Geelong Power Station starting in 1902, the Geelong Harbour Trust was formed in December 1905,^[29] and the Geelong Waterworks and Sewerage Trust formed in 1908. The city of Geelong, Victoria, Australia was once home to two coal fueled Power stations - Geelong A and Geelong B. The Port of Geelong is located on the shores of Corio Bay in Geelong, Victoria, Australia. Electric trams began operation in 1912, travelling from the city centre to the suburbs until their demise in 1956. A tram, tramcar, trolley, trolley car, or streetcar is a railborne vehicle, of lighter weight and construction than a Train The Geelong city centre (also referred to as the Central Activities Area by the City of Greater Geelong) is a locality surrounded by suburban Geelong ^[30] The first of many stores on the Market Square was opened in 1913,^[6] and the first Gala Day festival was held in 1916. Geelong's Market Square was established as part of the initial surveying of the town Gala Day is a one day festival held in the city of Geelong, Victoria, Australia. ^[6]

Geelong's industrial growth accelerated in the 1920: woollen mills, fertiliser plants, the Ford Motor Company's vehicle plant at Norlane, and the Corio whiskey distillery were all established in this period. Fertilizers ( also spelt fertiliser are chemical compounds given to Plants to promote growth they are usually applied either through the soil for uptake by plant Ford Motor Company is an American Multinational corporation and the world's fourth largest automaker based on Worldwide vehicle sales, following Norlane is a northern Suburb of Geelong, Victoria, Australia. Corio is a residential and industrial and one of the largest suburbs of Geelong, Victoria Whisky (uisge-beatha or whiskey (uisce beatha or fuisce) refers to a broad category of Alcoholic beverages that are distilled from fermented ^[22] The Geelong Advertiser's radio station 3GL (now K-Rock) commenced transmission in 1930,^[17] the Great Ocean Road was opened in 1932, and the T & G Building in 1934. The Geelong Advertiser is a daily newspaper servicing Geelong, Victoria, Australia, the Bellarine Peninsula and surrounding areas 955 K-Rock (call sign 3CAT) is a commercial FM Radio station based in Geelong Victoria, Australia. The Great Ocean Road is a 273 km stretch of road along the south-eastern coast of Australia between the Victorian cities of Torquay and Warrnambool The T & G Building is a distinctive building in Geelong, Victoria, Australia. The Eastern Beach swimming area was completed in 1939 after almost 10 years of work. Eastern Beach is a specific beach in Geelong not to be confused with Waterfront Geelong. ^[6] In 1938 one of the last Port Philip Bay steamers, Edina, made its final trip to Geelong, ending a romantic period of seaside excursions and contests for the fastest trip. A steamboat or steamship, sometimes called a steamer, is a ship in which the primary method of propulsion is steam power, typically driving a Propeller On the eve of World War II the International Harvester works were opened beside Ford at North Shore, a grain elevator at nearby Corio Quay, and the Shell Australia oil refinery. International Harvester Company ( IHC or IH; now Navistar International Corporation) was an agricultural machinery construction equipment North Shore is an industrial and residential suburb of Geelong, Victoria, Australia History Grain elevators are a common sight in the grain-growing areas of the world such as the North American Prairies Larger terminal elevators are In Australia, Royal Dutch Shell conducts a large range of activities including Exploration for and the production and commercialisation of oil and natural ^[22] Government housing was constructed in the suburbs of East Geelong, Norlane, North Shore and Corio from the 1950s to provide accommodation for the growing workforce. East Geelong is a residential suburb of Geelong, Victoria, Australia. Norlane is a northern Suburb of Geelong, Victoria, Australia. North Shore is an industrial and residential suburb of Geelong, Victoria, Australia Corio is a residential and industrial and one of the largest suburbs of Geelong, Victoria

1970s: A time of change

Geelong continued to expand with Corio, Highton and Belmont growing at such a rate that in February 1967 Geelong accounted for 21 per cent of private home development in non-metropolitan Victoria. Corio is a residential and industrial and one of the largest suburbs of Geelong, Victoria Highton also refers to the highest level of Aristos in the Saga of the Skolian empire by Catherine Asaro. Belmont is a southern suburb of Geelong, Victoria, Australia. ^[4] Private vehicles became the major mode of transport in Geelong. The first parking meters in the city were introduced in 1961, new petrol stations were constructed and the first supermarket in Geelong, operated by Coles, opened in 1965. A parking meter is a device used to collect money in exchange for the right to park a Vehicle in a particular place for a limited amount of time Coles Supermarkets is an Australian supermarket chain owned by Wesfarmers (formerly Coles Group before its acquisition on 23 November ^[4] Industrial growth continued with a second cement works operating at Waurn Ponds by 1964^[22] and the Alcoa Point Henry aluminium smelter constructed in 1962. Waurn Ponds is a mainly residential southern suburb of Geelong, Victoria, Australia. The Point Henry aluminium smelter is located near Geelong Victoria in the suburb of Moolap. ^[31]

Federal Government policy changes on tariff protection led to the closure of many Geelong industrial businesses from the 1970s. This article describes the federal government of Australia See Australian governments for other jurisdictions For other uses of this word see Tariff (disambiguation. A tariff is a tax imposed on goods when they are moved across a political boundary The woollen mills closed in 1974 and hectares of warehouse space in the city centre were left empty after wool handling practices changed. The Geelong city centre (also referred to as the Central Activities Area by the City of Greater Geelong) is a locality surrounded by suburban Geelong ^[4] The Target head office opened in North Geelong, Deakin University was established at Waurn Ponds in 1974 and the Geelong Performing Arts Centre opened in 1981. Target Australia Pty Ltd is an Australian department store chain owned by Wesfarmers (formerly by Coles Group) Deakin University is an Australian public University with around 33600 Higher education students studying as of 2007 The Geelong Performing Arts Centre is a performing arts functions and events venue located in Geelong, Victoria. ^[32] Later, the Australian Animal Health Laboratory was opened in 1985,^[33] and the National Wool Museum in 1988. The Australian Animal Health Laboratory (AAHL in Geelong, Victoria, Australia is a high security laboratory run by the CSIRO for ^[34]

Market Square, the first enclosed shopping centre in the city was opened in 1985, with neighbouring Westfield Bay City (formerly Bay City Plaza) opened in 1988. Market Square Shopping Centre is located in Geelong, Victoria Australia. Westfield Geelong is a shopping centre located in the central Geelong, Victoria, Australia opened in 1988 ^[35] The Pyramid Building Society, founded in Geelong in 1959,^[36] collapsed in 1990 leaving debts of AUD $1. The Pyramid Building Society, the Geelong Building Society and the Countrywide Building Society together made up the Farrow Group of Building 3 billion to over 200,000 depositors,^[37] and causing the Geelong economy to stagnate. ^[38] On 18 May 1993 the City of Greater Geelong was formed by the amalgamation of a number of smaller municipalities with the former City of Geelong. Events 1152 - Henry II of England marries Eleanor of Aquitaine. Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar) The City of Greater Geelong is a Local Government Area in Victoria Australia. ^[39] The Waterfront Geelong redevelopment started in 1994 designed to enhance use and appreciation of Corio Bay^[40] and in 1995 the Barwon River overflowed in the worst flood since 1952. Waterfront Geelong is a tourist and recreation area on the north facing shores of Corio Bay in Geelong, Australia. Corio Bay is one of numerous bays in the southwest corner of Australia's Port Phillip, and is the bay on which abuts the City of Geelong. ^[41]

21st century

In 2004, Avalon Airport was upgraded to provide for interstate passenger travel, providing a base for the low-cost airline Jetstar to service the Melbourne and Geelong urban areas. Westfield Geelong is a shopping centre located in the central Geelong, Victoria, Australia opened in 1988 Avalon Airport is an Airport located in Avalon, Victoria, Australia. ^[42] Geelong expanded towards the coast with Mount Duneed becoming a residential area and plans for anew neighborhood known as Armstrong Creek were developed by City of Greater Geelong. Mount Duneed is a suburb of Geelong Victoria, Australia. The Geelong Airport is located in Mount Duneed ^[43] Construction begun on the Geelong Ring Road in 2006. The Geelong Ring Road (formerly known as the Geelong Bypass and the Geelong Outer Freeway) is a freeway ring road under construction The ring road is designed to replace the Princes Highway through Geelong from Corio to Waurn Pondsand will be operational in 2009. The Princes Highway is a segment of Australia's Highway 1 that extends from Sydney to Adelaide and Port Augusta South Australia Corio is a residential and industrial and one of the largest suburbs of Geelong, Victoria Waurn Ponds is a mainly residential southern suburb of Geelong, Victoria, Australia.

More than $AUD500 million worth of major construction was under way in Geelong in 2007. The Australian dollar ( sign: $; code: AUD) is the Currency of the Commonwealth of Australia, including Christmas ^[44] Major projects include the $150 million Westfield Bay City expansion works, involving a flyover of Yarra Street, the city's first Big W store and an additional 70 new speciality stores; the $37 million Deakin Waterfront campus redevelopment and the $23 million Deakin Medical School; the $50 million Edgewater apartment development on the waterfront; a number of multi-million dollar office developments in the CBD; and a new $30 million aquatic centre in Waurn Ponds. Westfield Geelong is a shopping centre located in the central Geelong, Victoria, Australia opened in 1988 Big W is the second-largest chain of discount department stores in Australia with over 140 stores Deakin University is an Australian public University with around 33600 Higher education students studying as of 2007 A swimming pool, swimming bath, wading pool, or simply a pool, is an artificially enclosed Body of water intended for Swimming or Waurn Ponds is a mainly residential southern suburb of Geelong, Victoria, Australia. ^[44]

The Victorian Government announced the relocation of the Transport Accident Commission headquarters from Melbourne to Geelong in October 2006, which will create 850 jobs and an annual economic benefit of over $59 million to the Geelong region. The Government of Victoria, under the Constitution of Australia, ceded certain legislative and judicial powers to The Transport Accident Commission (TAC is the statutory insurer of third-party personal liability (CTP insurance in other states for Road accidents in the ^[45] The construction of the $80 million Brougham Street headquarters is due to be complete by late 2008. ^[46] In July 2007 Ford Australia announced it would close its Geelong engine plant in 2010 with the loss of about 600 jobs. Ford Australia is the Australian subsidiary of Ford Motor Company and was founded in Geelong, Victoria in 1925 as an outpost of Ford Motor Company of ^[47]

Geography

Geelong is located on the shores of Corio Bay, a south-western inlet bay of Port Phillip. Moolap is a residential and industrial suburb of Geelong, Victoria, Australia. Corio Bay is one of numerous bays in the southwest corner of Australia's Port Phillip, and is the bay on which abuts the City of Geelong. "Port Phillip" may also refer to a Local Government Area called the City of Port Phillip. During clear weather, the Melbourne skyline is visible from areas of Geelong when viewed across Port Phillip. The Barwon River flows through the city to the south before entering Lake Connewarre and the Barwon River estuary at Barwon Heads before going into Bass Strait. The Barwon River rises in the Otway Ranges of Victoria, Australia, runs through Winchelsea and the city of Geelong, where it is joined Lake Connewarre is a shallow estuarine Lake located on the Barwon River near Geelong Victoria. Barwon Heads is a coastal township on the Bellarine Peninsula, near Bass Strait (bæs is a sea Strait separating Tasmania from the south of the Australian mainland ( Victoria in particular ^[48]

Geologically the oldest rocks in the area date to the Cambrian period 500 million years ago, with volcanic activity occurring in the Devonian period 350 million years ago. The Cambrian is a geologic period and system that began about Ma (million years ago at the end of the Proterozoic eon and ended about Ma with Plate tectonics and hotspots Divergent plate boundaries At the The Devonian is a geologic period and system of the Paleozoic era spanning from to  million years ago. ^[49] In prehistoric times water covered much of the lowlands that are now Geelong, with the Barwon River estuary located at Belmont Common, the course of the river being changed when Mount Moriac erupted and lava was sent eastwards towards Geelong. Stone Age Paleolithic See also Paleolithic, Recent African Origin, Early Homo sapiens, Early human migrations "Paleolithic" In physical Geography, a lowland is any broad expanse of land with a general low level Belmont is a southern suburb of Geelong, Victoria, Australia. Moriac is a rural town in Victoria, Australia, located approximately west of Geelong. Lava is molten rock expelled by a Volcano during an eruption When first expelled from a volcanic vent it is a Liquid at Temperatures ^[48]

To the east of the city are the Bellarine Hills and the undulating plains of the Bellarine Peninsula. The Bellarine Peninsula is a Peninsula located south-west of Melbourne in Victoria Australia, surrounded by Port Phillip, Corio Bay To the west are the sandstone derived Barrabool Hills and basalt Mount Duneed, and the volcanic plains to the north of Geelong extend to the Brisbane Ranges and the You Yangs. Mount Duneed is a suburb of Geelong Victoria, Australia. The Geelong Airport is located in Mount Duneed The Brisbane Ranges National Park is a national park in Anakie Victoria, Australia, 80 km west of Melbourne. The You Yangs are a series of Granite peaks that rise dramatically near Lara Victoria in the Werribee lava plains in Australia, located 22 km ^[49] Soils vary from sandy loam, basalt plains and river loam to rich volcanic soils,^[50] suitable for intensive farming, grazing, forestry and vineyard plantation. Agriculture refers to the production of goods through the growing of plants and fungi and the raising of domesticated Animals The study of agriculture Grazing generally describes a type of Predation in which an Herbivore feeds on Plants (such as Grasses, or more broadly on a multicellular Forestry is the Art and Science of managing forests tree Plantations and related Natural resources. A vineyard is a Plantation of Grape -bearing Vines grown mainly for Winemaking, but also Raisins Table grapes and non-alcoholic

Many materials used to construct buildings were quarried from Geelong, such as bluestone from the You Yangs and sandstone from the Brisbane Ranges. A quarry is a type of open-pit mine from which rock or Minerals are extracted Bluestone is the name given to several stones (1 a feldspathic sandstone in the U The You Yangs are a series of Granite peaks that rise dramatically near Lara Victoria in the Werribee lava plains in Australia, located 22 km Sandstone is a Sedimentary rock composed mainly of Sand -size Mineral or rock grains. The Brisbane Ranges National Park is a national park in Anakie Victoria, Australia, 80 km west of Melbourne. ^[49] A small number of brown coal deposits exist in the Geelong region, most notably at Anglesea where it has mined to fuel Alcoa's Anglesea Power Station since 1969. Lignite, often referred to as brown coal, or Rosebud coal by Northern Pacific Railroad, is a soft brown fuel with characteristics that put it somewhere Anglesea is a town in Victoria, Australia. It is located on the Great Ocean Road in the Surf Coast Shire local government area Anglesea Power Station is located at Anglesea, in Victoria, Australia. ^[51] Limestone has also quarried for cement production at Fyansford since 1888,^[28] and Waurn Ponds since 1964. Limestone is a Sedimentary rock composed largely of the Mineral Calcite ( Calcium carbonate: CaCO3 In the most general sense of the word a cement is a binder a substance which sets and hardens independently and can bind other materials together Fyansford is a township on the western edge of Geelong, Victoria, Australia, named after Captain Foster Fyans who came to Geelong as a Police Waurn Ponds is a mainly residential southern suburb of Geelong, Victoria, Australia. ^[52]

City and suburbs

See also: Suburbs of Geelong

Development in Geelong started on the shores of Corio Bay in what is now the inner city. Corio Bay is one of numerous bays in the southwest corner of Australia's Port Phillip, and is the bay on which abuts the City of Geelong. The Geelong city centre (also referred to as the Central Activities Area by the City of Greater Geelong) is a locality surrounded by suburban Geelong Development later spread to the south towards the Barwon River, and the hill of Newtown and Geelong West. The Barwon River (New South Wales is a river in New South Wales Australia Newtown is an inner residential western suburb of Geelong, Victoria, Australia. Geelong West is a commercial and residential suburb of Geelong, Victoria, Australia. Major development south of the river in Belmont did not start until the 1920s, stimulated by the construction of a new bridge over the river in 1926, and the extension of the Geelong tramway system in 1927. Belmont is a southern suburb of Geelong, Victoria, Australia. A tram, tramcar, trolley, trolley car, or streetcar is a railborne vehicle, of lighter weight and construction than a Train ^[6] Industrial areas were traditionally located on the Corio Bay for port access,^[53] or the Barwon River for waste disposal.

In the interwar and post World War II years heavy industry continued to establish itself in the flatter northern suburbs,^[53] where today industries such as the Shell oil refinery and Ford Motor Company engine plant reside. Heavy industry does not have a single fixed meaning as compared to Light industry. In Australia, Royal Dutch Shell conducts a large range of activities including Exploration for and the production and commercialisation of oil and natural Ford Australia is the Australian subsidiary of Ford Motor Company and was founded in Geelong, Victoria in 1925 as an outpost of Ford Motor Company of ^[54] Residential development also spread to Corio in the north, with new housing commission estates built to cater for employees of the new industries. Corio is a residential and industrial and one of the largest suburbs of Geelong, Victoria From the 1960s residential growth spread to the Highton hills in the south, followed by Grovedale in the 1970s. Highton also refers to the highest level of Aristos in the Saga of the Skolian empire by Catherine Asaro. Grovedale is a mainly residential southern suburb of Geelong, Victoria, Australia. A number of light industrial areas were also established in Breakwater, Moolap and South Geelong. Light industry is usually less Capital intensive than Heavy industry, and is more Consumer -oriented than Business -oriented (i Breakwater is a residential and industrial suburb of Geelong, Victoria, Australia Moolap is a residential and industrial suburb of Geelong, Victoria, Australia. South Geelong also referred to as Geelong South, is a residential and industrial ^[53]

Changing cargo handing methods at the Port of Geelong left woolstores in inner Geelong unused, redevelopment beginning in the 1980s with the expansion of Westfield Bay City towards Corio Bay, and culminating in the Waterfront Geelong development. The Port of Geelong is located on the shores of Corio Bay in Geelong, Victoria, Australia. Urban Renewal (similar to Urban Regeneration in British English) is a controversial U Westfield Geelong is a shopping centre located in the central Geelong, Victoria, Australia opened in 1988 Waterfront Geelong is a tourist and recreation area on the north facing shores of Corio Bay in Geelong, Australia. ^[55] Gentrification of former working class inner suburbs such as Geelong West, North Geelong and South Geelong has also occurred. Gentrification, or urban gentrification, is the change in an Urban area associated with the movement of more affluent individuals into a lower-class Geelong West is a commercial and residential suburb of Geelong, Victoria, Australia. North Geelong is a suburb of Geelong in the Australian state of Victoria. South Geelong also referred to as Geelong South, is a residential and industrial ^[56] Today the major residential growth corridors are north towards Lara, east towards Leopold, and south towards Mount Duneed. Lara is a residential and rural town 15km north-east of Geelong, inland from the Princes Freeway to Leopold is a residential eastern suburb of Geelong and is a gateway to the Bellarine Peninsula. Mount Duneed is a suburb of Geelong Victoria, Australia. The Geelong Airport is located in Mount Duneed ^[43]

Climate

Geelong has stable weather while still offering four distinct seasons. ^[57] It has a temperate climate with dominant westerly winds, variable cloud, moderate precipitation and cool temperatures. Climate encompasses the temperatures humidity rainfall atmospheric particle count and numerous other meteorogical factors in a given region over long periods of In Meteorology, precipitation (also known as one class of hydrometeors, which are atmospheric water phenomena is any product of the condensation of atmospheric ^[58] January is the hottest month, and July is the coldest. ^[59] The highest temperature recorded was 45. 8 °C (110 °F) on January 25 2003, with the lowest of −4. 4 °C (20 °F) recorded on August 5 1997. ^[60] The average annual rainfall is 536. 4 millimetres (21. 12 in). ^[59]

Source: Averages for GEELONG SEC, 1870 - 1970, Bureau of Meteorology. ^[59]

Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Temperatures (°C)
Mean daily maximum	25. 0	24. 8	23. 2	19. 8	16. 6	14. 1	13. 6	14. 8	16. 9	19. 2	21. 3	23. 2	19. 4
Mean daily minimum	13. 2	13. 8	12. 5	10. 3	8. 1	6. 1	5. 2	5. 8	7. 0	8. 5	10. 1	11. 9	9. 4
Precipitation (millimetres)
Mean total rainfall	30. 8	37. 1	41. 3	44. 9	49. 9	49. 0	45. 6	47. 8	51. 3	51. 9	47. 5	39. 6	536. 4
Highest recorded total	142. 9 (1886)	165. 2 (1928)	203. 3 (1913)	131. 6 (1935)	157. 0 (1896)	133. 1 (1952)	131. 0 (1936)	155. 2 (1951)	160. 3 (1916)	176. 6 (1949)	156. 9 (1934)	121. 1 (1933)	877. 3 (1952)
Lowest recorded total	0. 0 (1878)	0. 3 (1891)	0. 3 (1889)	0. 0 (1923)	3. 6 (1895)	6. 9 (1969)	5. 7 (1902)	10. 7 (1898)	13. 1 (1968)	5. 5 (1967)	0. 0 (1895)	0. 0 (1904)	268. 7 (1967)
Notes: Temperatures are in degrees Celsius. Temperature is a physical property of a system that underlies the common notions of hot and cold something that is hotter generally has the greater temperature The Celsius Temperature scale was previously known as the centigrade scale. Precipitation is in millimetres. In Meteorology, precipitation (also known as one class of hydrometeors, which are atmospheric water phenomena is any product of the condensation of atmospheric The Millimetre ( American spelling: millimeter, symbol mm) is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to Geelong SEC Latitude: 38. 12S Longitude: 144. 37E Elevation: 17 m ASL

Economy

More than 10,000 businesses employ over 80,000 people in the Geelong region,^[7] with manufacturing and processing industries providing around 15,000 jobs, followed by 13,000 in retail, and 8,000 in health and community services. ^[7] Geelong's major employers include the Ford Motor Company engine plant in Norlane, aircraft maintenance at Avalon Airport, the head office of retail chain Target, the Bartter (Steggles) chicken processing plant, Alcoa's Point Henry aluminium smelter, and the Shell oil refinery at Corio. Ford Australia is the Australian subsidiary of Ford Motor Company and was founded in Geelong, Victoria in 1925 as an outpost of Ford Motor Company of Norlane is a northern Suburb of Geelong, Victoria, Australia. Avalon Airport is an Airport located in Avalon, Victoria, Australia. Target Australia Pty Ltd is an Australian department store chain owned by Wesfarmers (formerly by Coles Group) Alcoa World Alumina and Chemicals is a joint venture between Alumina Limited (40% share and Alcoa (60% share and is abbreviated to AWAC The Point Henry aluminium smelter is located near Geelong Victoria in the suburb of Moolap. In Australia, Royal Dutch Shell conducts a large range of activities including Exploration for and the production and commercialisation of oil and natural Corio is a residential and industrial and one of the largest suburbs of Geelong, Victoria ^[61]

Geelong has a number of shopping precincts in the CBD and surrounding suburbs. The two main shopping centres are located in the CBD - Westfield Bay City and Market Square, with smaller centres in the suburbs including Belmont Plaza and Waurn Ponds Shopping Centre in the south, Bellarine Village in Newcomb in the east, and Corio Village Shopping Centre in the north. The Geelong city centre (also referred to as the Central Activities Area by the City of Greater Geelong) is a locality surrounded by suburban Geelong Westfield Geelong is a shopping centre located in the central Geelong, Victoria, Australia opened in 1988 Market Square Shopping Centre is located in Geelong, Victoria Australia. Waurn Ponds is a mainly residential southern suburb of Geelong, Victoria, Australia. Newcomb is a residential suburb of Geelong, Victoria, Australia. Corio Shopping Centre is a large shopping centre in the northern Geelong suburb of Corio. ^[7]

Located in Geelong are major research laboratories, the CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory in Moolap, CSIRO Division of Textiles and Fibres Technology in Belmont and the Marine and Freshwater Resources Institute at Queenscliff. The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation ( CSIRO) is the national government body for scientific research in Australia. The Australian Animal Health Laboratory (AAHL in Geelong, Victoria, Australia is a high security laboratory run by the CSIRO for Moolap is a residential and industrial suburb of Geelong, Victoria, Australia. The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation ( CSIRO) is the national government body for scientific research in Australia. Belmont is a southern suburb of Geelong, Victoria, Australia. Queenscliff is a small town on the Bellarine Peninsula at the entrance to Port Phillip in southern Victoria Australia and is bounded on its north side

Demographics

Population over time[6]
1841	454
1846	2065
1851	8291
1854	20,115
1861	22,929
1891	17,445
1901	25,017
1907	28,021
1921	31,689
1933	39,223
1946	51,000
1954	72,995
1961	91,666
1966	105,059
1976	122,080
1981	125,279
1988	125,833

As of the 2006 Census, there were 160,000 people residing in 68,000 households. A census is the procedure of acquiring information about every member of a given population The median age of persons in Geelong was 37 years. In Probability theory and Statistics, a median is described as the number separating the higher half of a sample a population or a Probability distribution 19. 4% of the population of Geelong were children aged between 0-14 years, and 26. 6% were persons aged 55 years and over. ^[1] Each dwelling is on average occupied by 2. 59 persons, slightly lower than the state and national averages. ^[62] The median household income was $901 per week, $121 less than the state average, partly due to higher reliance on manufacturing for employment. ^[62] The population of Geelong is growing by 2000 people each year,^[63] and the City of Greater Geelong had the highest rate of building activity in Victoria outside metropolitan Melbourne. The City of Greater Geelong is a Local Government Area in Victoria Australia. ^[64]

78. 4% of Geelong residents are Australian born, with the most common overseas birthplaces being: England (3. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland 6%), Italy (1. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest 1%), Croatia (1. Croatia (Hrvatska ˈxȓvatska officially the Republic of Croatia ( Republika Hrvatska) is a southern Central European country at the crossroads between 0%), Netherlands (0. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands 9%), Scotland (0. Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. 8%). 14. 2% of households speak a language other than English in the home. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States ^[1] Notable ethnic groups in the city are the Croatian community, who first came to the city in the 1850s^[65] and with migration since World War II are now the largest Croatian community in Australia,^[66] and the German settlers who founded Germantown (now Grovedale) in 1849 to escape repression in Prussia for their Lutheran faith. Croats (Hrvati are a South Slavic people mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries Grovedale is a mainly residential southern suburb of Geelong, Victoria, Australia. Prussia ( Latin: Borussia, Prutenia; Prūsija Prūsija Prusy Old Prussian: Prūsa) was most recently a historic state Lutheranism is a major branch of Western Christianity that identifies with the teachings of the sixteenth-century German reformer Martin Luther ^[67]

The 2006 Census found the most common religious affiliations in Geelong were Catholicism at 29. See also Catholic Church, Christianity in Australia The Catholic Church in Australia is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual 4%, No Religion 20. Irreligion is a lack of religion indifference to religion or hostility to religion 5%, Anglican 14. Anglicanism is a tradition of Christian faith Churches in this tradition either have historical connections to the Church of England or have similar beliefs 6%, Uniting Church 7. The Uniting Church in Australia ( UCA) was formed on June 22 1977 when many congregations of the Methodist Church of Australasia, 9% and Presbyterian and Reformed at 4. Evangelical Presbyterian Church Free Presbyterian Church (Australia Presbyterian Church of Australia Presbyterian 3%. ^[1] The city has a large number of traditional Christian churches, as well as Orthodox Christian churches in the northern suburbs. The Eastern Orthodox Church is the second largest single Christian Communion in the world

Government

In local government, the Geelong region is covered by the City of Greater Geelong. Australia has two tiers of subnational government state (or territory government and local government. The City of Greater Geelong is a Local Government Area in Victoria Australia. The council was created in 1993 as an amalgamation of a number of other municipalities in the region,^[39] with the council chambers located at the Geelong Town Hall in central Geelong. A municipality is an administrative entity composed of a clearly defined territory and its population and commonly denotes a City, Town, or Village, or Geelong Town Hall is a civic building located on Gheringhap Street in central Geelong, Victoria. The City is made up of 12 wards, each represented by a councillor elected once every four years by postal voting. In Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States, a ward is an Electoral district A councillor or councilor ( Cllr, Coun, Clr or Cr for short is a member of a Local government council such as a Postal voting describes the method of voting in an election whereby ballot papers are distributed and/or returned by post to electors in contrast to electors voting in person at a ^[68] The Mayor of Geelong is elected from these councillors by their colleagues for a one year term. ^[68]

In state politics, Geelong is located in the Legislative Assembly districts of Geelong, South Barwon, Lara, and Bellarine, with all seats currently held by the Australian Labor Party. Victorian politics takes place in context of bicameral parliamentary system The Legislative Assembly, or lower house is one of the two chambers of the Parliament of Victoria in Australia The Electoral district of Geelong is an electoral district of the Victorian Legislative Assembly. South Barwon is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Victoria. Lara is a seat in the Victorian Legislative Assembly. It covers much of the area between the western suburbs of Melbourne and the regional city of Geelong The Electoral district of Bellarine is an electoral district of the Victorian Legislative Assembly. ^[69]

In federal politics, Geelong is located in two House of Representatives divisions - the Division of Corio to the north of the Barwon River, and the Division of Corangamite to the south. The Politics of Australia take place within the framework of parliamentary democracy. The House of Representatives is one of the two houses (chambers of the Parliament of Australia; it is the Lower house, the Upper house being the Senate The Division of Corio is an Australian Electoral Division in Victoria. The Barwon River rises in the Otway Ranges of Victoria, Australia, runs through Winchelsea and the city of Geelong, where it is joined The Division of Corangamite is an Australian Electoral Division in Victoria. The Division of Corio has been a safe Australian Labor Party since the 1970s, and was the seat of Richard Casey, a leading Cabinet member in the 1930s and later Governor-General, and Gordon Scholes, who was Speaker during the Whitlam government. Richard Gardiner Casey Baron Casey KG GCMG CH DSO MC, (29 August 1890&ndash17 June 1976 was an Australian politician The Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia is the representative in Australia of the monarch of Australia (currently Elizabeth II Queen of Australia) Gordon Glen Denton Scholes AO (born 7 June 1931) is an Australian former politician The Speaker of the House of Representatives is the presiding officer of the House of Representatives the lower house of the Parliament of Australia. Edward Gough Whitlam, AC, QC (born 11 July 1916 known as Gough Whitlam (ˈɡɒf goff is an Australian former politician and 21st ^[70] The Division of Corangamite had been a safe seat for the Liberal Party since the 1940s, and was the seat of the ninth Prime Minister of Australia James Scullin. The Liberal Party of Australia is an Australian political party. The Prime Minister of Australia is the Head of government of the Commonwealth of Australia, holding office on commission from the Governor-General. James Henry Scullin (18 September 1876 &ndash 28 January 1953 Australian Labor Politician and ninth Prime Minister of Australia. ^[71] It was reclaimed by the Australian Labor Party for the first time since 1931 at the 2007 federal election. Federal elections for the Parliament of Australia were held on Saturday 24 November 2007 after a 6-week campaign in which 13 ^[72]

Culture

Arts and entertainment

Geelong is home to a number of pubs, nightclubs and live music venues and has also given birth to a number of notable Australian bands and musicians such as Barry Crocker,^[73] Gyan Evans,^[74] Magic Dirt,^[75] Jeff Lang,^[76] and Denis Walter. Deakin University is an Australian public University with around 33600 Higher education students studying as of 2007 A nightclub (or "night club" or "club" is a drinking, dancing, and entertainment venue which does its primary business after dark Barry Hugh Crocker OAM (born 4 November 1935, in Geelong Victoria, Australia) is a popular Australian singer with a crooning Gyan Evans is an ARIA Award -winning Singer-songwriter from Australia who performs professionally as Gyan (pronounced 'Ghee-ahn' Magic Dirt is an Australian rock band Formed in 1992 in Geelong, Victoria and continuing to this day they have become one of the longest Jeff Lang (born Nov 9 1969 is an Australian songwriter singer and Virtuoso Slide guitarist A leading performer in the Australian roots style which Denis Walter (born 1955) is an Australian media personality and singer ^[77] Geelong also hosts festivals such as the Queenscliff Music Festival, Meredith Music Festival, the Offshore Festival and Poppykettle Festival, and has a number of cultural venues, including the Geelong Performing Arts Centre (commonly known as GPAC),^[78] the 1500 seat Costa Hall auditorium, and the Geelong Art Gallery. Queenscliff Music Festival is a live music festival held in the town of Queenscliff located on the Bellarine Peninsula Victoria, Australia. The Meredith Music Festival is held over three days every December on private farmland in Victoria, Australia. The Offshore Festival was a camp-out rock and alternative music festival held during Easter at a farm near Torquay Victoria, Australia in the late 1990s The Poppykettle Festival, which is now known as the Alcoa Poppykettle Festival, due to corporate sponsorship from Alcoa begun in 2001, is an The Geelong Performing Arts Centre is a performing arts functions and events venue located in Geelong, Victoria. The Geelong Art Gallery is a major Regional gallery in the city of Geelong in Victoria, Australia. ^[79]

Media

The Geelong Advertiser, the oldest newspaper title in Victoria and the second oldest in Australia,^[80][81] was established in 1840. The Geelong Advertiser is a daily newspaper servicing Geelong, Victoria, Australia, the Bellarine Peninsula and surrounding areas Also circulated are the free Geelong Independent, and Geelong News newspapers. The Geelong Independent is a local free weekly newspaper delivered to houses in the Geelong area The Geelong News is a free weekly paper delivered to houses in the Geelong region

Geelong receives free to air television broadcasts from Melbourne, including community channel Channel 31. Free-to-air (FTA Television (TV and Radio broadcasts are sent unencrypted and may be received via any suitable receiver Free-to-view C31 Melbourne, also known as Channel 31 Melbourne ( Call letters MGV-31 is a Non-profit community Television station in Melbourne The Geelong region also receives cable and satellite television service through Pay-TV operators Foxtel & Neighbourhood Cable. Satellite television is Television delivered by the means of Communications satellites as compared to conventional Terrestrial television and Cable Foxtel is an Australian Pay television company formed through a joint venture between Telstra, News Corporation and Consolidated Media Neighbourhood Cable is a telecommunications provider based in regional Victoria, Australia.

Local radio stations are 3GL (ethnic service), K-Rock (FM), Rhema FM (Christian community station), The Pulse (community radio service), Vision Australia Radio 99. 955 K-Rock (call sign 3CAT) is a commercial FM Radio station based in Geelong Victoria, Australia. 955 K-Rock (call sign 3CAT) is a commercial FM Radio station based in Geelong Victoria, Australia. Rhema FM is the name of a number of Christian radio Stations formerly affiliated with United Christian Broadcasters (UCB in Australia. 947 The Pulse (callsign 3YYR) is a Community radio station which broadcasts to the Geelong Victoria region in Australia. RPH Australia is a network of Australian radio stations for people who for any reason are unable to access printed material 5FM (print radio), and Bay FM. 939 Bay FM (call sign 3BAY) is a commercial FM radio station based in Geelong Victoria, Australia. Transmitters for K-Rock, The Pulse, Rhema FM & Bay FM are located at a shared transmitter site on Mt Bellarine near Drysdale. Drysdale is a rural township near Geelong, Victoria, Australia, located on the Bellarine Peninsula.

Tourism

See also: Visitor attractions in Geelong

The Geelong region attracted over 6,000,000 tourists during 2001. Waterfront Geelong is a tourist and recreation area on the north facing shores of Corio Bay in Geelong, Australia. ^[82] Major tourist attractions include the Waterfront Geelong precinct and Eastern Beach on the shores of Corio Bay, the Ford Discovery Centre and National Wool Museum in the city, and more than 30 historical buildings listed on the Victorian Heritage Register. Waterfront Geelong is a tourist and recreation area on the north facing shores of Corio Bay in Geelong, Australia. Eastern Beach is a specific beach in Geelong not to be confused with Waterfront Geelong. Corio Bay is one of numerous bays in the southwest corner of Australia's Port Phillip, and is the bay on which abuts the City of Geelong. Ford Discovery Centre is an interactive automobile museum run by the Ford Motor Company located in Geelong Victoria, Australia. The Victorian Heritage Register lists places of cultural heritage significance to the State of Victoria ^[83]

Geelong in film

The Geelong region was used as the setting of the SeaChange television series, filmed on location at Barwon Heads between 1998 and 2002. SeaChange was a popular Australian Television show that ran for 39 episodes from 1998 to 2001 on the ABC. Barwon Heads is a coastal township on the Bellarine Peninsula, near ^[84] The city has also been the filming location of a number of feature films; including the final scenes On the Beach (1959) at Barwon Heads, ^[85] Mad Max (1979) around Lovely Banks and Lara, Everynight ... Everynight (1994) at HM Prison Geelong, Ned Kelly (2003) and Ghost Rider (2007) at the Little River Earth Sanctuary,^[86] and December Boys (2007) in South Geelong at Kardinia Pool. On the Beach is a 1959 post-apocalyptic Drama film based on Nevil Shute 's novel of the same name featuring Gregory Barwon Heads is a coastal township on the Bellarine Peninsula, near Mad Max is a 1979 Australian apocalyptic action thriller Film directed by George Miller and written Lovely Banks is a northern suburb of Geelong, Victoria, Australia. Lara is a residential and rural town 15km north-east of Geelong, inland from the Princes Freeway to Everynight. Everynight is an Australian drama film directed by Alkinos Tsilimidos and released in 1994 HM Prison Geelong was a maximum security Australia Prison located on the corner of Myers Street and Swanston Street in Geelong, Victoria, Australia Ned Kelly is an Australian Film directed by Gregor Jordan. The movie portrays the life of Ned Kelly who was a well-known Ghost Rider is a 2007 Superhero film based on the fictional Marvel Comics character of the same name. Little River Earth Sanctuary is a 1185 ha protected area in Victoria Australia, near the You Yangs and the town of Little River. December Boys is a 2007 Australian Film directed by Rod Hardy and written by Marc Rosenberg and adapted from the novel of the same name by South Geelong also referred to as Geelong South, is a residential and industrial For the Australian Rules Football Stadium in the same park in Geelong Victoria, see Kardinia Park (stadium. ^[87]

Education

Main article: List of schools in Geelong

Geelong is served by a number of public and private schools that cater to local and overseas students. Public education is education mandated for or offered to the children of the general public by the Government, whether national regional or local provided by an institution For the film of this title see Private School (film. Private schools, or Independent schools are Schools not administered Over 40,000 primary and secondary students are enrolled in schools in Geelong, with another 27,000 students enrolled in tertiary and further education courses. ^[7] The first schools in Geelong were established when the town was settled from the 1850s, among them were the elite private schools The Geelong College and Geelong Grammar School. The Geelong College is an independent, Co-educational, day and Boarding school, located in Newtown, an inner-western suburb of Geelong Church of England Grammar School is a independent, Anglican, Co-educational, boarding and Day school. ^[61]

The Gordon Memorial Technical College opened in 1888, and is known today as the Gordon Institute of TAFE. The Gordon Institute of TAFE is the TAFE institute servicing Geelong Victoria since 1888. ^[6] In 1976 the Gordon Institute was divided into two parts, with academic courses becoming part of the newly formed Deakin University based at the Waurn Ponds campus. ^[88] Deakin University enrolled its first students at its Waurn Ponds campus in 1977. Deakin University is an Australian public University with around 33600 Higher education students studying as of 2007 Waurn Ponds is a mainly residential southern suburb of Geelong, Victoria, Australia. Also 1977 (album by Ash. Year 1977 ( MCMLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays Today the university is located on a 365 hectare site and has over 1,000 staff and over 4,000 on-campus students. ^[89] The university also has a campus located on the waterfront of Corio Bay in the Geelong CBD, and from 2008 the campus at Waurn Ponds will be home to Victoria's first regional medical school. The Geelong city centre (also referred to as the Central Activities Area by the City of Greater Geelong) is a locality surrounded by suburban Geelong ^[90]

Infrastructure

Utilities

Water storage and supply in Geelong is managed by Barwon Water, a Victorian Government owned urban water corporation. Westfield Geelong is a shopping centre located in the central Geelong, Victoria, Australia opened in 1988 Geelong is supplied with water from three river systems: the Barwon River, the East Moorabool River and the West Moorabool River. The Barwon River rises in the Otway Ranges of Victoria, Australia, runs through Winchelsea and the city of Geelong, where it is joined The Moorabool River is a river in Victoria Australia that runs past several small towns and areas such as Meredith, Anakie, and Staughton Vale (north-west The catchment areas are the Brisbane Ranges to Geelong's north-west, and the Otway Ranges to the south-west. The Brisbane Ranges National Park is a national park in Anakie Victoria, Australia, 80 km west of Melbourne. Great Otway National Park is a national park in Victoria ( Australia) 162 km southwest of Melbourne. The first water supplies to Geelong were from the Stony Creek reservoirs near Steiglitz, but today the West Barwon Reservoir system supplies approximately 70 per cent of the water for Geelong. Steiglitz is a small town in Victoria, west of the state capital Melbourne, Australia in the Brisbane Ranges. ^[91] Sewage from Geelong and district is treated at the Black Rock Treatment Plant at Breamlea and then discharged into Bass Strait. Sewage treatment, or domestic wastewater treatment, is the process of removing Contaminants from Wastewater, both Runoff ( Effluents Breamlea, Victoria, Australia, is a secluded seaside hamlet located 28km south of Geelong on the south coast of Australia halfway between Barwon Heads Bass Strait (bæs is a sea Strait separating Tasmania from the south of the Australian mainland ( Victoria in particular

Geelong was first supplied with electricity in 1902 when the Geelong power station opened on the corner of Yarra and Brougham Streets. The city of Geelong, Victoria, Australia was once home to two coal fueled Power stations - Geelong A and Geelong B. Later known as 'Geelong A', the power station was rebuilt in 1920 to increase the capacity, with the station continued operating until 1961. In 1936 Geelong was connected to the state electrical grid. Electric power transmission, a process in the delivery of Electricity to consumers is the bulk transfer of electrical power The 'Geelong B' power station at North Geelong opened in 1954,^[31] and was closed in 1970 due to the much higher efficiency of the power stations in the Latrobe Valley. North Geelong is a suburb of Geelong in the Australian state of Victoria. The Latrobe Valley is nestled between the Strzelecki Ranges and the Great Dividing Range in Victoria, Australia. The supply of piped coal gas in Geelong started in 1860 by the Geelong Gas Company. The Geelong Gas Company was a private company set up to produce and distribute Town gas in the city of Geelong. The gasworks were located in North Geelong next to the North Geelong railway station. This is a historical article For current information see Syngas. North Geelong is a railway station on the Warrnambool railway line in North Geelong, Victoria, Australia. ^[92] Geelong was converted to natural gas in 1971, with the Geelong Gas Company being taken over by the Gas and Fuel Corporation of Victoria on June 30 1971. Natural gas is a Gaseous Fossil fuel consisting primarily of Methane but including significant quantities of Ethane, Propane, The Gas and Fuel Corporation of Victoria was a government-owned monopoly supplier of household gas in Victoria, Australia. ^[93]

Transportation

Geelong is well-connected by roads to all of south-west Victoria, to Melbourne by the Princes Freeway (M1), to Warrnambool by the Princes Highway (A1), the Bellarine Peninsula by the Bellarine Highway (B110), Ballarat by the Midland Highway (A300), and to Hamilton by the Hamilton Highway (B140). V/Line is a not for profit regional passenger train and coach service in Victoria, Australia. Jetstar Airways is a low-cost airline based in Melbourne, Australia. Avalon Airport is an Airport located in Avalon, Victoria, Australia. Geelong Ring Road|West Gate Freeway|Monash Freeway The Princes Freeway is a, 2 section freeway which links Melbourne to Geelong on the west ( and The Bellarine Highway runs east from Geelong in Victoria along the Bellarine Peninsula to Queenscliff. The Midland Highway (A300 B300 C518 links the Victorian towns of Geelong and Mansfield in south-eastern Australia. The Hamilton Highway in western Victoria, Australia (state route B140 runs from the Princes Highway in Geelong west to the town of Hamilton The $380 million Geelong Ring Road is under construction to bypass the greater Geelong metropolitan area, leaving the Princes Highway near Corio and rejoin the highway at Waurn Ponds. The Geelong Ring Road (formerly known as the Geelong Bypass and the Geelong Outer Freeway) is a freeway ring road under construction The Princes Highway is a segment of Australia's Highway 1 that extends from Sydney to Adelaide and Port Augusta South Australia Corio is a residential and industrial and one of the largest suburbs of Geelong, Victoria ^[94] Construction began in 2006.

The city is also located at the junction of railway lines to Melbourne, Warrnambool, Ballarat, and Adelaide. See also Rail transport in Australia Rail transport in Victoria, Australia is provided by a number of railway operators who operate over the government Warrnambool is a regional city with a population of 30392 people on the south-western coast of Victoria, Australia, located in the municipality City of Warrnambool Ballarat (formerly spelt "Ballaarat" is a city in Victoria, Australia, and one of the country's largest inland cities Adelaide is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of South Australia, and is the fifth largest city in Australia with a ^[22] V/Line operates from seven railway stations on the Geelong line,^[95] running hourly services to Melbourne, as well as services on the Warrnambool line further west three times daily. V/Line is a not for profit regional passenger train and coach service in Victoria, Australia. This article is about the V/Line service For the railway itself see Port Fairy railway line The Geelong Line is a regional passenger rail service This article is about the V/Line service For the railway itself see Port Fairy railway line The Warrnambool Line is a regional passenger rail Great Southern Railway's The Overland service between Melbourne and Adelaide also calls at North Shore three times per week. Great Southern Railway (GSR owned by Serco Asia Pacific is a tourism business and rail transport operator in Australia. Early history The Overland originated as the Intercolonial Express when the Victorian Railways Western Line was extended to the South Australian Adelaide is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of South Australia, and is the fifth largest city in Australia with a North Shore railway station is located in North Shore, a Suburb of Geelong, Victoria, Australia. ^[96] Freight trains also operate from Melbourne to Geelong serving local industries,^[54] as well as to Warrnambool and other western Victorian towns. The main Melbourne-Adelaide standard gauge line sees heavy use carrying interstate freight.

Public transport is provided by local bus routes covering the city centre and most surrounding suburbs. They are operated under the umbrella of the Geelong Transit System, and are contracted to Benders Busways and McHarry's Buslines. The Geelong Transit System is the umbrella operating brand of Public transport in Geelong, Victoria, Australia. Benders Busways is a privately owned Transport company in Geelong, Victoria. ^[97] Another government transport initiative, Bellarine Transit, is contracted to McHarry's Buslines and provides interurban services between Geelong and the towns of Torquay, Barwon Heads, Ocean Grove and the Bellarine Peninsula. Torquay is a township in Victoria, Australia, which faces Bass Strait, 21 km Barwon Heads is a coastal township on the Bellarine Peninsula, near Ocean Grove is a seaside town in Victoria, Australia, located on the Bellarine Peninsula. ^[95] V/Line services link Geelong with Ballarat, Daylesford, Bendigo, Apollo Bay, the Great Ocean Road, the Twelve Apostles and Warrnambool. V/Line is a not for profit regional passenger train and coach service in Victoria, Australia. Ballarat (formerly spelt "Ballaarat" is a city in Victoria, Australia, and one of the country's largest inland cities Daylesford is a town located in Shire of Hepburn, Victoria, Australia. Bendigo is a regional city in central Victoria Australia, located in the City of Greater Bendigo. Warrnambool is a regional city with a population of 30392 people on the south-western coast of Victoria, Australia, located in the municipality City of Warrnambool ^[95]

The Port of Geelong is located on the shores of Corio Bay, and is the sixth largest seaport in Australia by tonnage. The Port of Geelong is located on the shores of Corio Bay in Geelong, Victoria, Australia. Corio Bay is one of numerous bays in the southwest corner of Australia's Port Phillip, and is the bay on which abuts the City of Geelong. ||-||-|-||-||-||-||-||-||-|} A port is a facility for receiving Ships and transferring cargo ^[98] Major commodities include crude oil and petroleum products, export grain and woodchips, alumina imports, and fertiliser. Petroleum ( L petroleum, from Greek πετρέλαιον, lit Woodchipping is the act and industry of chipping wood for pulp or processed wood products Fertilizers ( also spelt fertiliser are chemical compounds given to Plants to promote growth they are usually applied either through the soil for uptake by plant ^[99] The Bellarine Peninsula has been linked to the Mornington Peninsula since 1987^[100] by the Searoad ferry, which runs every hour using two roll-on/roll-off ferries. The Bellarine Peninsula is a Peninsula located south-west of Melbourne in Victoria Australia, surrounded by Port Phillip, Corio Bay The Mornington Peninsula is a Peninsula located south-east of Melbourne in Victoria, Australia, surrounded by Port Phillip, Western Peninsula Searoad Transport (commonly known as Searoad) is an Australian company that operates a Roll-on/roll-off vehicle and passenger Ferry ^[101]

Avalon Airport is located approximately 15 kilometres to the north-east of the city of Geelong. Avalon Airport is an Airport located in Avalon, Victoria, Australia. It was established in 1953 to cater for the production of military aircraft. ^[102] It was also used for the repair of commercial aircraft, and for pilot training. Avalon Airport has also been home to low cost airline Jetstar Airways since 2004. Jetstar Airways is a low-cost airline based in Melbourne, Australia. ^[42] Flights to Adelaide, Brisbane, Sydney and Perth use the airport.

Geelong also has many kilometres of bicycle trails covering the shores of Corio Bay and the Barwon River parklands, in addition to the Bellarine Rail Trail. The bicycle, cycle, or bike is a pedal-driven, human-powered vehicle with two wheels attached to a frame, one behind The Bellarine Rail Trail is a 32 km walking and cycling track on the Bellarine Peninsula, in Victoria Australia, that follows the route of the former South Geelong ^[103]

Sports

Geelong is home to the Geelong Football Club Australian Football League team, the second oldest AFL club^[104] and one of the oldest in the world. Geelong Football Club, nicknamed The Cats, is a professional Australian rules football club based in the city of Geelong. The Australian Football League (AFL is both the professional Australian national competition in the Sport of Australian Rules Football and its highest See also List of Australian rules football clubs in Australia This is a chronological list of Australian rules football clubs since their formation The title of the world's oldest Football club, or the oldest club in a particular country is often disputed or is claimed by several different clubs across several different For many years it was the only VFL/AFL club to exist outside of the greater Melbourne metropolitan area. The Australian Football League (AFL is both the professional Australian national competition in the Sport of Australian Rules Football and its highest It continues to participate in the national competition, based out of the Kardinia Park stadium and Telstra Dome in Melbourne, and also fields a reserves side in the Victorian Football League. Not to be confused with Skilled Park, home ground of the Gold Coast Titans in the NRL. A modern stadium (plural stadiums or stadia in English is a place or venue for (mostly outdoor Sports Concerts or other events consisting Docklands Stadium, known as Telstra Dome, and originally as Victoria Stadium and Colonial Stadium, is a multi purpose sports and entertainment History The Victorian Football Association (VFA was founded in 1877 on 17 May. ^[104] There are also three football leagues running in the area, including the Geelong Football League, the Bellarine Football League and the Geelong & District Football League. The Bellarine Football League is an Australian rules football competition based in the Bellarine Peninsula region of Victoria, Australia.

The annual Geelong Cup thoroughbred horse race was first run in 1872,^[105] and is considered one of the most reliable guides to the result of the Melbourne Cup. The Geelong Cup is an annual Australian Group 3 Thoroughbred horse race. Thoroughbred horse racing is a worldwide Sport and Industry involving the racing of Thoroughbred Horses It is governed by different national Year 1872 ( MDCCCLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year The Melbourne Cup is Australia 's major annual Thoroughbred horse race. ^[106] The Arena stadium in North Geelong is the home of the Geelong Supercats basketball team, and was also used during the 2006 Commonwealth Games for basketball matches. NBL History The Geelong Cats were founded as part of the Victorian Basketball Association in 1978. Basketball is a team Sport in which two teams of five active players each try to score points against one another by propelling a ball through a 10 feet (3 m The 2006 Commonwealth Games were held in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia between 15 March and 26 March 2006 ^[107] The Eastern Beach foreshore and nearby Eastern Gardens regularly host internationally televised triathlons, and annual sports car and racing car events such as the Geelong Speed Trials. Eastern Beach is a specific beach in Geelong not to be confused with Waterfront Geelong. A triathlon is an endurance sports event consisting of Swimming, cycling and Running over various distances A sports car is a term used to describe a class of Automobile. Auto racing (also known as automobile racing, motor racing or car racing) is a Motorsport involving Racing Cars It ^[108] Corio Bay is also host to many sailing and yachting events. Corio Bay is one of numerous bays in the southwest corner of Australia's Port Phillip, and is the bay on which abuts the City of Geelong. Geelong also has many golf courses, sporting and recreation ovals and playing fields, as well as facilities for water skiing, rowing, fishing, hiking, and greyhound and harness racing. Water skiing is a Sport where an individual (or more than one individual is pulled behind a Motor boat or a cable ski installation on a body of water wearing GB coxless pair of Toby Garbett & Rick Dunn at Henley Royal Regatta 2004 For the computer security term see Phishing. Fishing is the activity of catching Fish. The word 'hiking' is understood in all English-speaking countries but there are differences in usage Greyhound racing is the Sport of Racing Greyhounds The Dogs chase a lure (traditionally an artificial Hare or Rabbit Harness racing is a form of Horse-racing in which the horses race in a specified gait ^[109]

Sister cities

Geelong has two sister cities. They are:

• Lianyungang, China^[110]

• Izumiotsu, Japan^[111]

See also

• Committee for Geelong
• List of Heritage listed buildings in Geelong
• List of Mayors of Geelong
• Category:People from Geelong

References

External links

• Official Geelong Government Site
• Local history of Geelong
• Geelong Advertiser - newspaper website
• Geelong - city guide

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