Gaucho (gaúcho in Portuguese) is a term commonly used to describe residents of the South American pampas, chacos or Patagonian grasslands, found principally in parts of Argentina, Uruguay, Southern Chile and Rio Grande do Sul state in southern Brazil. Portuguese ( or língua portuguesa) is a Romance language that originated in what is now Galicia (Spain and northern Portugal. South America is a Continent of the Americas, situated entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a Laguna de Gomezjpg|thumb|left|240px|Lake Gomez near Junín in the heart of the Pampas grain belt Llao LLaojpg|thumb|250px| Lake Nahuel Huapi, near Bariloche, Argentina Laguna de Gomezjpg|thumb|left|240px|Lake Gomez near Junín in the heart of the Pampas grain belt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics. Uruguay.(official full name in República Oriental del Uruguay;, Oriental Republic of Uruguay) is a country located in the southeastern part of South America The Zona Austral (English Austral Zone) is one of the five Natural regions into which CORFO divided continental Chile in 1950. (ʁiu ˈgɾɐ̃de do ˈsuɫ lit "Large River of the South" is the southernmost State of Brazil, and the State with the fourth highest Human Development The South Region of Brazil is one of the five administrative regions of Brazil In Brazil it is used to designate people born in state of Rio Grande do Sul. (ʁiu ˈgɾɐ̃de do ˈsuɫ lit "Large River of the South" is the southernmost State of Brazil, and the State with the fourth highest Human Development
The word gaucho could be described as a loose equivalent to the North American "Cowboy". A cowboy is an animal Herder who tends Cattle on Ranches in North America, traditionally on horseback and often performs a multitude of Like the North American word cowboy, Venezuelan or Colombian llanero, or Chilean huaso, or the Mexican vaquero, the term often connotes the 19th century more than the present day; then gauchos made up the majority of the rural population, herding cows and practicing hunting as their main economic activities. Venezuela (ˌvɛnəˈzweɪlə) officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (Spanish República Bolivariana de Venezuela) is a country on the Colombia (kəˈlʌmbɪə officially the Republic of Colombia () is a country in northwestern South America. A Llanero or the Llaneros is the name given to Venezuelan and Colombian Cowboys and means "plainsmen A huaso (feminine huasa, although the term china is far more commonly used for his wife or sweetheart whose dress can be seen in Cueca dancing is a The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar
There are several conflicting hypotheses concerning the origin of the term. It may derive from the Quechua huachu (Indian, from the Indies) . Quechua ( Runa Simi) is a Native American language of South America. The first recorded uses of the term date from around the time of Argentine independence in 1816. The Independence of Argentina was declared on July 9 1816 by the Congress of Tucumán.
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History
Gauchos were generally nomadic and lived on the pampas, the plain that extends north from Patagonia, bounded on the west by the Andes and extending as far north as the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. Laguna de Gomezjpg|thumb|left|240px|Lake Gomez near Junín in the heart of the Pampas grain belt Llao LLaojpg|thumb|250px| Lake Nahuel Huapi, near Bariloche, Argentina The Andes form the world's longest exposed Mountain range. They lie as a continuous chain of highland along the western coast of South America. (ʁiu ˈgɾɐ̃de do ˈsuɫ lit "Large River of the South" is the southernmost State of Brazil, and the State with the fourth highest Human Development Residing outside of the growing urban centres and farming settlements, these skilled riders lived off the land often willingly sharing their food with other travelers. Most gauchos were either criollo (South Americans of Spanish ancestry) or mestizo (of mixed Spanish and Native American blood), but the term applies equally to people of other European, African, or mixed ancestry. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. For indigenous peoples in the United States other than Hawaii and Alaska see also Native Americans in the United States.
Some gauchos were recorded as being in the Falkland Islands [1], and have left a few Spanish words in the local dialect e. g. camp from campo. The Camp is the term used in the Falkland Islands to refer to any part of the islands outside of the islands' only significant town Stanley, and often the large
The gaucho plays an important symbolic role in the nationalist feelings of this region, especially that of Argentina and Uruguay. The epic poem Martín Fierro by José Hernández used the gaucho as a symbol against corruption and of Argentine national tradition, pit against Europeanising tendencies. This article deals with Hernández's poem For other things named after it see Martín Fierro (disambiguation Martín Fierro is For the astronaut see Jose Hernandez, for the Baseball player see José Hernández. Martín Fierro, the hero of the poem, is drafted into the Argentine military for a border war, deserts, and becomes an outlaw and fugitive. The image of the free gaucho is often contrasted to the slaves who worked the northern Brazilian lands. Further literary descriptions are found in Ricardo Güiraldes' Don Segundo Sombra. Ricardo Güiraldes ( 13 February 1886 — 8 October 1927) was an Argentine novelist and poet one of the most significant Argentine Don Segundo Sombra is a seminal 1926 novel by Argentine rancher Ricardo Güiraldes.
Like the North American cowboys, gauchos are generally reputed to be strong, honest, silent types, but proud and capable of violence when provoked. There is, perhaps, more of an air of melancholy about the classic gaucho than the classic cowboy.
Also like the cowboy, the gauchos were great horseriders. Typically, a gaucho's Horse constituted most of what he owned in the world. The horse ( Equus caballus) is a hoofed ( Ungulate) Mammal, one of eight living species of the family Equidae. During the wars of the 19th century in the Southern Cone, the cavalries on all sides were composed almost entirely of gauchos. The Cavalry (from French cavalerie) is the second oldest of the Combat Arms, and as Soldiers or Warriors who fought mounted on In Argentina, gaucho armies such as that of Martín Miguel de Güemes, slowed Spanish advances. Martín Miguel de Güemes ( 8 February 1785 – 17 June 1821) was a military leader and popular Caudillo who defended northwestern Furthermore, many caudillos relied on gaucho armies to control the Argentine provinces. Caudillo is a Spanish ( caudilho in Portuguese word usually used to designate "a political-military leader at the head of an authoritarian power
The gaucho diet was composed almost entirely of beef while on the range, supplemented by yerba mate, an herbal tea-like drink rich in caffeine and nutrients. Argentine cooking draws influence from the simple but delicious recipes used in gaucho meals.
Gauchos dressed quite distinctly from North American cowboys, and used boleadoras (three leather bound rocks tied together with approximately three feet long leather straps) in addition to the familiar "North American" lariat or riata. Distinguish from Bolus. Bolas (from Spanish Bola, "ball" also known as boleadoras) are a throwing Reata redirects here For the comic book character see Reata (comics A lasso, lariat, or riata (from the Spanish reata The typical gaucho outfit would include a poncho (which doubled as saddle blanket and also as sleeping gear), a facón (large knife), a rebenque (leather whip), and loose-fitting trousers called bombachas, belted with a tirador, or a chiripá, a piece of cloth used in the fashion--but not the function--of a diaper. A facón is a Dagger worn at the back and tucked into the belt of the Gaucho in order to be quickly drawn with the right hand Several of these items were British imports into the area; for example, bombachas were originally made in Turkey. In the wintertime, gauchos wore heavy wool ponchos to protect against cold.
Modern influences
Gaucho is also the common denomination of the current inhabitants of the Brazilian State of Rio Grande do Sul. (ʁiu ˈgɾɐ̃de do ˈsuɫ lit "Large River of the South" is the southernmost State of Brazil, and the State with the fourth highest Human Development An example is the Brazilian football player Ronaldinho, known by Brazilian people as Ronaldinho Gaúcho, as he was born in that State. Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered Ronaldo de Assis Moreira (born March 21 1980 in Porto Alegre) commonly known as Ronaldinho or Ronaldinho Gaúcho, is a Brazilian footballer The term is also used to identify some groups of people who live in other states of the southern half of Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay. |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics. Uruguay.(official full name in República Oriental del Uruguay;, Oriental Republic of Uruguay) is a country located in the southeastern part of South America For those people evoking this denomination usually has the purpose of expressing the pride one has for its origins as immigrants to untouched lands and for the hard-working nature it represents. Immigration refers to the movement of people among countries While the movement of people has existed throughout human history at various levels modern immigration implies long-term Gauchito (a boy in the Argentine colors and a gaucho hat) was the mascot for the 1978 FIFA World Cup. Each FIFA World Cup since 1966 has its own Mascot. World Cup Willie, the mascot for the 1966 competition was the first World Cup The 1978 FIFA World Cup, the 11th staging of the World Cup was held in Argentina between June 1 and June 25.
In Popular Culture
- "The Gaucho" was a 1927 film starring Douglas Fairbanks. Douglas Fairbanks ( May 23 1883 – December 12 1939) was an American Actor, Screenwriter, director In it he plays the Gaucho, a heroic leader of a gang of outlaws that try to save a city overtaken by an evil general.
- DC Comics owns two characters named El Gaucho. DC Comics is an American comic book and related media company One was a Wonder Woman villain equipped with a flying robot horse and an electric lasso (from Wonder Woman #263) and the other one is an Argentinian masked hero (see Batmen of All Nations). The Batmen of All Nations were a group of Superheroes who were inspired by Batman to fight crime in their countries
- The mascot of the University of California, Santa Barbara is the Gaucho. The University of California Santa Barbara ( UCSB) is a selective research-oriented public university located on the Pacific Ocean in Santa Barbara County California
See also
- Hacienda system
- Literatura Gauchesca
- Rebenque, the gaucho riding whip
- The Taba Game
- Estancias
- Pato
- Florencio Molina Campos
- Gauchito Gil
- Vaquero
- Cowboy (U. Hacienda is a Spanish word for an estate usually but not always a vast Ranch. A picturesque imitation- Gaucho literature purporting to use the language of the gauchos and reflect their mentality arose in the 1870s as a result of a developing evolution in the understanding Rebenque is the name in Brazilian Portuguese and Spanish for a type of Whip used by Gauchos in South America The taba game ( Jogo do Osso, in Portuguese) is an alternative name for Knucklebones. An Estancia is the Spanish word for Ranch. These ranches are usually larger than ranches in North America Pato is a game played on horseback that combines elements from Polo and Basketball. Florencio Molina Campos ( August 21, 1891 - November 16, 1959) was an Argentine illustrator and a painter known by his typical traditional The Gauchito Gil (literally "Little Gaucho Gil" is a legendary character of Argentina's popular culture A cowboy is an animal Herder who tends Cattle on Ranches in North America, traditionally on horseback and often performs a multitude of S. A)
- Morochuco (Peruvian Andean cowboy)
- Piajeno (north coast mule rider of Peru: Piura and Lambayeque)
- Charro (Mexican cowboy, nomad and bandolero)
- Guajiro (Cuban cowboy)
- Huaso (Chilean cowboy)
References
- Confederacion Gaucha Argentina (in Castilian)]
- Folklore del Norte Argentino (in Castilian)
- Movimento Tradicionalista Gaúcho (in Portuguese)
- Página do Gaúcho (in Portuguese)
- Aldo Sessas - Gauchos
- Richard W. Slatta - Gauchos and the Vanishing Frontier
- The Gauchos- Horsemen of the Pampas
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