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This article is about Gateshead, England. For the suburb of Newcastle in Australia, see Gateshead, New South Wales. Gateshead is a southern suburb of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia, located from Newcastle's Central business district
For the larger local government district, see Metropolitan Borough of Gateshead. Gateshead is a Metropolitan borough in Tyne and Wear, in north-east England.
Gateshead
Gateshead (Tyne and Wear)
Gateshead

Gateshead shown within Tyne and Wear
Population 78,403 (2001 Census) [1]
OS grid reference NZ2460
Metropolitan borough Gateshead
Metropolitan county Tyne and Wear
Region North East
Constituent country England
Sovereign state United Kingdom
Post town GATESHEAD
Postcode district NE8-NE11
Dialling code 0191-4
Police Northumbria
Fire Tyne and Wear
Ambulance North East
European Parliament North East England
List of places: UK • England • Tyne and Wear

Coordinates: 54°57′N 1°36′W / 54.95, -1.6

Gateshead is a town within Tyne and Wear, in North East England. In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology The British national grid reference system is a system of geographic grid references commonly used in Great Britain, different from using Latitude and Longitude The districts of England are a level of subnational division of England used for the purposes of local government Gateshead is a Metropolitan borough in Tyne and Wear, in north-east England. Metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties are one of the four levels of Subdivisions of England used for the purposes of Local government outside Greater London The region, also known as the government office region, is currently the highest tier of local government sub-national entity of England, with only one North-East England is one of the nine official Regions of England and comprises the combined area of Northumberland, County Durham, Tyne and Wear Constituent country is a phrase used often by official institutions in contexts in which a country makes up a part of a larger entity or grouping England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland This list of sovereign states, alphabetically arranged gives an overview of States around the world with information on the extent of their Sovereignty. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located A post town is a required part of all postal addresses in the United Kingdom, and a basic unit of the postal delivery system UK Postal codes are known as postcodes. UK postcodes are Alphanumeric. The NE postcode area, also known as the Newcastle upon Tyne postcode area, is a group of postal districts around Alnwick, Ashington, Bamburgh The UK Telephone numbering plan, also known as the National Telephone Numbering Plan, is the system used for assigning Telephone numbers in the United There are a number of law enforcement agencies in the United Kingdom. Northumbria Police is the Home Office Police force responsible for policing the areas of Northumberland and Tyne and Wear in England. The fire service in the United Kingdom operates under separate legislative and administrative arrangements in England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Tyne and Wear Fire and Rescue Service, formerly Tyne and Wear Metropolitan Fire Brigade is the Statutory fire and rescue service covering the The North East Ambulance Service NHS Trust (NEAS is the authority responsible for providing NHS Ambulance services in North East England, covering North East England is a Constituency of the European Parliament. A Gazetteer of place names in the United Kingdom showing each place's County, Unitary authority or council area and its geographical coordinates List of places --> List of cities in the United Kingdom List of towns in England Lists of places This is a list of cities, Towns and Villages in the ceremonial county of Tyne and Wear, England. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. North-East England is one of the nine official Regions of England and comprises the combined area of Northumberland, County Durham, Tyne and Wear England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland It lies on the southern bank of the River Tyne, opposite Newcastle upon Tyne. The River Tyne is a River in England. It is formed by the confluence of two rivers the North Tyne and the South Tyne. Newcastle upon Tyne ( (often shortened to Newcastle) is a city and Metropolitan borough of Tyne and Wear, England Gateshead town centre and Newcastle city centre are very close to one another, and together they form the urban core of Tyneside. Tyneside is a Conurbation in northern England, which is home to over 80% of the Metropolitan county of Tyne and Wear. Gateshead is the main settlement in the Metropolitan Borough of Gateshead. Gateshead is a Metropolitan borough in Tyne and Wear, in north-east England.

Contents

History

There has been a settlement on the Gateshead side of the River Tyne, around the old river crossing where the Swing Bridge now stands, since Roman times. The Swing Bridge over the River Tyne connects Gateshead and Newcastle upon Tyne, between the Tyne Bridge and the High Level Bridge

Theories of the derivation of the name 'Gateshead' include 'head of the (Roman) road' or 'goat’s headland', as the River Tyne at this point was once roamed by goats.

The first recorded mention of Gateshead is in the writings of the Venerable Bede who referred to an Abbot of Gateshead called Utta in 623. Bede (ˈbiːd (also Saint Bede, the Venerable Bede, or (from Latin Beda (beda (c

In 1068 William the Conqueror defeated the forces of Edgar the Atheling and Malcolm king of Scotland (Shakespeare's Malcolm) on Gateshead Fell (now Low Fell). William I of England ( 1027 His reign which brought Norman culture to England had an enormous impact on the subsequent course of England in the Middle Ages Edgar ( the) Ætheling, also known as Edgar the Outlaw (c 1051&ndashc William Shakespeare ( baptised

During medieval times Gateshead was under the jurisdiction of the Bishop of Durham. At this time the area was largely forest with some agricultural land. The forest was the subject of Gateshead's first charter, granted in the 12th Century by Hugh du Puiset, Bishop of Durham. Hugh de Puiset (c 1125&ndash3 March 1195 was a medieval Bishop of Durham and Chief Justiciar of England under King Richard I.

The first records of coal being mined in the Gateshead area was in 1344. As trade on the Tyne prospered there were several attempts by the burghers of Newcastle to annex Gateshead. In 1576 a small group of Newcastle merchants acquired the 'Grand Lease' of the manors of Gateshead and Whickham. In the hundred years from 1574 coal shipments from Newcastle increased elevenfold while the population of Gateshead doubled to approximately 5,500. However, the lease and the abundant coal supplies ended in 1680. The pits were shallow as problems of ventilation and flooding defeated attempts to mine coal from the deeper seams.

William Hawks, originally a blacksmith, started business in Gateshead in 1747, working with the iron brought to the Tyne as ballast by the Tyne colliers. Hawks and Co. eventually became one of the biggest iron businesses in the North, producing anchors, chains and so on to meet a growing demand. There was keen contemporary rivalry between 'Hawks' Blacks' and 'Crowley's Crew'. The famous 'Hawks' men' including Ned White, went on to be celebrated in Geordie song and story.

Throughout the industrial revolution the population of Gateshead expanded rapidly; between 1801 and 1901 the increase was over 100,000. This expansion resulted in the spread southwards of the town.

In 1854, a catastrophic explosion on the quayside destroyed most of Gateshead's mediaeval heritage, and caused widespread damage on the Newcastle side of the river. The Great fire of Newcastle and Gateshead was a tragic and spectacular series of events starting on Friday 6 October 1854, in which a substantial amount of property

Gateshead quayside across the River Tyne at night - Gateshead Millennium Bridge and The Sage Gateshead
Gateshead quayside across the River Tyne at night - Gateshead Millennium Bridge and The Sage Gateshead

Robert Stirling Newall took out a patent on the manufacture of wire ropes in 1840 and in partnership with Messrs. The River Tyne is a River in England. It is formed by the confluence of two rivers the North Tyne and the South Tyne. The Gateshead Millennium Bridge is a pedestrian and cyclist Tilt bridge spanning the River Tyne in England between Gateshead on the south The Sage Gateshead is a centre for musical education performance and conferences located in Gateshead on the south bank of the River Tyne, in the north-east Robert Stirling Newall (1812 - 1889 was a Scottish Engineer and Astronomer. Liddell and Gordon, set up his headquarters at Gateshead. A world-wide industry of wire-drawing resulted. The submarine telegraph cable received its definitive form through Newall's initiative, involving the use of gutta percha surrounded by strong wires. The first successful Dover-Calais cable on 25 September 1851, was made in Newall's works. In 1853, he invented the brake-drum and cone for laying cable in deep seas. Half of the first Atlantic cable was manufactured in Gateshead. Newall was interested in astronomy, and his giant 25 inch telescope was set up in the garden at Ferndene, his Gateshead residence in 1871.

In 1831 a locomotive works was established by the Newcastle and Darlington Railway, later part of the York, Newcastle and Berwick Railway. In 1854 the works moved to the Greenesfield site and became the manufacturing headquarters of North Eastern Railway. The North Eastern Railway (NER unlike many other of the pre-Grouping companies had a relatively compact territory having the district it covered to itself In 1909, locomotive construction was moved to Darlington and the rest of the works were closed in 1932. Darlington railway works, known in the town as North Road Shops, was built in 1863 by the Stockton and Darlington Railway in the town of Darlington in the

Gateshead Family about 1925
Gateshead Family about 1925[2]

Sir Joseph Swan lived at Underhills, Kells Lane from 1869-83, where his experiments led to the invention of the electric light-bulb. Sir Joseph Wilson Swan ( October 31, 1828 – May 27, 1914) was an English Physicist and Chemist, most famous The house was the first in the world to be wired for domestic electric light.

In 1889, Gateshead was made a county borough but in the same year one of the largest employers, Hawks, Crawshay closed down. Unemployment was a burden from this date. Up to the Second World War there were repeated newspaper reports of the unemployed sending deputations to ask the council to provide work. The depression years of the 1920s and 30s created even more unemployment and the Team Valley Trading Estate was built in the mid-1930s to alleviate the situation.

Economy

Gateshead is the home of the MetroCentre, the largest shopping centre in the European Union. MetroCentre is the second most visited shopping centre in the UK attracting 24 million visitor a year In terms of retail area it's regarded as the largest Mall in the The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in The Team Valley Trading Estate, initially the largest and still one of the largest purpose built commercial estates in the United Kingdom is located in Gateshead. Team Valley is traditionally the heavy industrial area of Gateshead in Tyne and Wear, England. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located

Architecture

Dr Johnson passing through with James Boswell described it as "a dirty little back lane out of Newcastle" while JB Priestley, writing in his "An English Journey" (1934) said that "no true civilisation could have produced such a town", adding that it appeared to have been designed "by an enemy of the human race". Samuel Johnson (often referred to as Dr Johnson) (18 September James Boswell 9th Laird of Auchinleck ( October 29, 1740 - May 19, 1795) was a lawyer diarist and Author born in Edinburgh John Boynton Priestley, OM ( 13 September, 1894 &ndash 14 August, 1984) was an English Writer and broadcaster

The Sage Gateshead
The Sage Gateshead


William Wailes the celebrated stained-glass maker, lived at South Dene from 1853-60. The Sage Gateshead is a centre for musical education performance and conferences located in Gateshead on the south bank of the River Tyne, in the north-east William Wailes, (1808-1881 was the proprietor of one of England’s largest and most prolific Stained glass workshops In 1860, he designed Saltwell Towers as a fairy-tale palace for himself. It is an imposing Victorian mansion in its own park with a romantic skyline of turrets and battlements. It was originally furnished sumptuously by Gerrard Robinson. Wailes sold it to the corporation in 1876 for use as a public park, provided he could use the house for the rest of his life.

The brutalist Trinity Centre Multi-Storey Car Park dominates the town centre. A product of attempts to regenerate the area in the 1960s the car park is largely derelict but has gained an iconic status due to its appearance in the film Get Carter. Get Carter is a 1971 crime Film directed by Mike Hodges and starring Michael Caine as Jack Carter a mobster who sets out to It is is due for demolition in 2008.

Gateshead council has recently sponsored the development of the Gateshead Quays cultural quarter. The development includes the Gateshead Millennium Bridge, erected in 2001 which won the James Stirling Prize for Architecture in 2002. The Gateshead Millennium Bridge is a pedestrian and cyclist Tilt bridge spanning the River Tyne in England between Gateshead on the south The BALTIC Centre for Contemporary Art has been established in a converted flour mill. The Baltic Centre for Contemporary Art (BALTIC is an international centre for Contemporary art located on the south bank of the River Tyne alongside the The Sage Gateshead, a Norman Foster-designed venue for music and the performing arts opened on 17 December 2004. The Sage Gateshead is a centre for musical education performance and conferences located in Gateshead on the south bank of the River Tyne, in the north-east

Gateshead is also home to a number of public art works, including the The Angel of the North, one of Britain's largest sculptures, measuring 20 metres high with a 54 metre wing span. Angel of the North is a modern Sculpture designed by Antony Gormley, which is located in Gateshead, England. Designed by Antony Gormley it was erected in 1998. Antony Gormley OBE RA (born 30 August 1950 is an English sculptor. It is visible from the A1 to the south of Gateshead, as well as from the East Coast Main Line. The East Coast Main Line ( ECML) is the electrified high-speed railway link between London and Edinburgh connecting Yorkshire, North East

Other public art include works by Richard Deacon, Colin Rose, Sally Matthews, Andy Goldsworthy and Gordon Young. Richard Deacon CBE (born 15 August 1949) is a British abstract sculptor, and a winner of the Turner Prize. Andy Goldsworthy (born 26 July 1956 is a British sculptor, Photographer and environmentalist living in Scotland who produces

Gateshead Millennium Bridge

Angel of the North

The Sage Gateshead viewed across the River Tyne

Trinity Centre car park seen from Newcastle

Gateshead Civic Centre

Sport

Gateshead International Stadium regularly holds international athletics meetings over the summer months. The Gateshead Millennium Bridge is a pedestrian and cyclist Tilt bridge spanning the River Tyne in England between Gateshead on the south Angel of the North is a modern Sculpture designed by Antony Gormley, which is located in Gateshead, England. The Sage Gateshead is a centre for musical education performance and conferences located in Gateshead on the south bank of the River Tyne, in the north-east Gateshead International Stadium is a multi-use sports Stadium in Gateshead, Tyne and Wear, England. It is also host to rugby league fixtures, and the home ground of both Gateshead Thunder Rugby League Football Club and Gateshead Football Club. History See also History of rugby league The grass roots of rugby league can be traced to early football history, through the playing of ball games Gateshead Thunder are a Rugby league team from Gateshead in Tyne and Wear. Gateshead FC are a football team based in Gateshead, England, who will play in the Conference North for the 2008-09 season. Both clubs have had their problems: Gateshead F.C. were controversially elected out of the Football League to make way for Peterborough United in the 1960s, whilst Gateshead Thunder lost their place in Super League as a result of a takeover (officially termed a merger) by Hull FC. Gateshead FC are a football team based in Gateshead, England, who will play in the Conference North for the 2008-09 season. The Football League, also known as the Coca-Cola Football League for sponsorship reasons is a league competition featuring professional football clubs Peterborough United Football Club is an English professional football team based in Peterborough. Hull FC is a professional Rugby league football club formed in 1865 and based in Hull, East Yorkshire, England. Both Gateshead clubs continue to ply their trade at lower levels in their respective sports, thanks mainly to the efforts of their supporters. The Gateshead Senators American Football team also use the International Stadium, as well as this is was used in the 2006 Northern Conference champions in the British American Football League. Origins The Senators started life in the 1980s as the Newcastle Senators rising out of the ashes of the aptly named Newcastle Browns and playing at Northern Rugby Club in Newcastle American football, known in the United States and Canada simply as football, is a competitive Team sport known for mixing strategy with Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.

Transport

Go North East buses at Gateshead Interchange bus station
Go North East buses at Gateshead Interchange bus station

Gateshead is served by the Tyne and Wear Metro. Go North East was originally the founding company of the Go-Ahead Group. Gateshead Interchange is the name of a Transport interchange in the centre of the town of Gateshead, England. The Tyne and Wear Metro is a metro system serving stations in Newcastle upon Tyne, Gateshead, South Tyneside North Tyneside and Sunderland, There are stations at Gateshead Interchange, Gateshead Stadium, Felling, Pelaw and Heworth. Gateshead Interchange is the name of a Transport interchange in the centre of the town of Gateshead, England. Gateshead Stadium Metro station is a station on the Tyne and Wear Metro, serving the town of Gateshead, England. Felling Metro station is a station on the Tyne and Wear Metro, serving the district of Felling. Pelaw Metro station serves the Pelaw area of Gateshead, England. Heworth station is a suburban interchange between Bus, Northern Rail and Tyne and Wear Metro services Heworth is also served by main-line train services, as are Blaydon, Dunston and MetroCentre stations. Blaydon railway station is a Railway station serving Blaydon in Tyne and Wear, northern England. Dunston Railway station serves Dunston, an area of Gateshead, in Tyne and Wear, northern England. MetroCentre railway station is a Railway station that serves the MetroCentre shopping and leisure complex in Gateshead, Tyne and Wear.

The Borough of Gateshead and the City of Newcastle are linked by a total of ten road, rail and pedestrian bridges. Proposals for a cable car running from Gateshead to Gateshead Quayside were first published in 2001. An aerial tramway is a type of Aerial lift in which a cabin is suspended from a cable and is pulled by another cable [3]

Religion

Gateshead is home to the Gateshead Yeshiva, one of the most important yeshivas in Europe, as well as other various Jewish educational institutions with international enrolments. Gateshead Talmudical College (ישיבת בית יוסף Yeshiva or yeshivah (jəʃi'və ( Hebrew: ישיבה "sitting (n

In January 2008 a new church was opened in Gateshead called Holy Trinity Gateshead (www.holytrinitygateshead.org.uk). Holy Trinity Gateshead church was officially opened on 14th January 2008 by the Rev David Holloway Chairman of the Jesmond Trust and Vicar of Jesmond The church is custom built in the middle of the housing development of St. James Park and stands directly opposite Gateshead International Stadium.

Famous residents

Accountant and public servant. Howard Kendall (born 22 May 1946 in Ryton Tyne and Wear) is an English football manager and former player This article is about the Teacher. For the Mobster, see John Patrick Looney. Lawrie McMenemy MBE (born Gateshead, 28 July 1936) is a retired football coach best known for his spell as manager of Southampton Robert Stirling Newall (1812 - 1889 was a Scottish Engineer and Astronomer. Baron Plender was a title created in the Peerage of the United Kingdom on 20 January 1931 for William Plender, on whose death on 19 January

References

  1. ^ Census 2001 Neighbourhood Statistics
  2. ^ http://www.flickr.com/photos/benqish/2373234171
  3. ^ Cable car may link quayside

See also

External Links

Rabbi Bezalel Rakow ( May 15, 1927 &ndash July 20, 2003) was an orthodox Rabbi who headed Gateshead ’s James Renforth ( 7 April 1842 – 23 August 1871) was a famous Tyneside professional oarsman. William Shield ( March 5, 1748 &ndash January 25, 1829) was an English Composer, Violinist and violist Christina Stead ( 17 July 1902 &mdash 31 March 1983) was an Australian Novelist and short-story writer acclaimed For other persons named John Steel see John Steel (disambiguation. Steven Brian Stone (born 20 August 1971 in Gateshead, Tyne and Wear, England) is an English former footballer Sir Joseph Wilson Swan ( October 31, 1828 – May 27, 1914) was an English Physicist and Chemist, most famous Christopher Roland Waddle (born 14 December 1960 in Felling, Tyne and Wear, England) is an English former professional William Wailes, (1808-1881 was the proprietor of one of England’s largest and most prolific Stained glass workshops Taylor Wane (born August 27, 1968 in Gateshead, England) is a British Pornographic actress and model Robert Spence Watson (8 June 1837 - 2 March 1911 was a solicitor reformer politician and writer Sylvia Waugh (born 1935) is a British children's Author. Biography Sylvia Waugh was born in Gateshead, Tyne Thomas Wilson may refer to Politicians Thomas Wilson (mayor of Adelaide Australia Thomas Wilson (Virginia (1765-1826 The Little Theatre Gateshead is Gateshead 's only theatre It was founded in the 1920s by sisters Ruth, Sylvia and Madeleine Dodds
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