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Entrance to a guard-gated community (Paradise Village Grand Marina Villas, Nuevo Vallarta, Mexico).
Entrance to a guard-gated community (Paradise Village Grand Marina Villas, Nuevo Vallarta, Mexico). The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America.
Entrance to a guard-gated community (The Estates: Heritage Green, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada).
Entrance to a guard-gated community (The Estates: Heritage Green, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada). Saskatoon is a city located in central Saskatchewan, Canada, on the South Saskatchewan River, with a Saskatchewan (səˈskætʃəwən) is a prairie province in Canada, which has an area of 588276 Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page
Spikes protect a gated community in the East End of London
Spikes protect a gated community in the East End of London

In its modern form, a gated community is a form of residential community containing controlled entrances for pedestrians, bicycles, and automobiles, and sometimes characterised by a closed perimeter of walls and fences. A residential community is a Community, usually a small Town or City, that is composed mostly of residents, as opposed to commercial A pedestrian is a person travelling on foot whether Walking or Running. The bicycle, cycle, or bike is a pedal-driven, human-powered vehicle with two wheels attached to a frame, one behind Gated communities usually consist of small residential streets and include various amenities. A street is a Public thoroughfare in the built environment It is a Public parcel of land adjoining Buildings in an urban context For smaller communities this may be only a park or other common area. A common area is in Real estate or Real property law, the "area which is available for use by more than one person For larger communities, it may be possible for residents to stay within the community for most day-to-day activities. Gated communities are a type of common interest development, but are distinct from intentional communities. Subdivision is the act of dividing land into pieces that are easier to sell or otherwise develop usually via a Plat. An intentional community is a planned Residential community designed to have a much higher degree of Teamwork than other communities

Though they are called communities, there is no evidence to suggest that social capital is any higher within them than other forms of residential development. Social capital is a concept in business economics, Organizational behaviour, Political science, Public health, Sociology and natural Given that they are spatially a type of enclave, they are more likely to have negative contributions to the overall social capital of the broader community. In biological terms a community is a group of interacting Organisms sharing an environment. [1]

Some gated communities, usually called guard-gated communities, are staffed by private security guards and are often home to high-value properties, or set up as retirement villages. A security guard or security officer is usually a privately and formally employed person who is paid to protect Property, assets or people Some gated communities are secure enough to resemble fortresses. Fortifications are Military Constructions and Buildings designed for defense in Warfare Humans have constructed defensive works for

Contents

Amenities

The amenities available depend on many factors including location, demographic composition, and community structure. If there are sub-associations that belong to master associations, the master association may provide many of the amenities. In general, the larger the association the more amenities that can be provided. Amenities depend on the type of housing. For example, single-family-house communities may not have a common-area pool, since the individual owners may want their own pools; whereas a condominium may offer a pool, since the individual units generally cannot have their own pools. A condominium, or condo, is a form of Housing tenure and other Real property where a specified part of a piece of real estate (usually of an apartment

Typical amenities offered can include

A worldwide phenomenon

In many parts of the world, buyers are expressing a preference for gated communities. A swimming pool, swimming bath, wading pool, or simply a pool, is an artificially enclosed Body of water intended for Swimming or Tennis is a sport played between two players ( singles) or between two teams of two players each ( doubles) A golf course consists of a series of holes each consisting of a Teeing ground, Fairway, rough and other hazards and a green with a pin and cup all designed for A playground or play area is an area designed for Children to play, indoors or outdoors A hot tub is a large home-made or manufactured tub or small pool full of heated water and used for soaking relaxation, Massage, or While many see living in a gated community as offering increased security, they are not impenetrable. Walls are frequently low enough for someone to climb over them. Gates can be bypassed by tailgating cars and, for those willing, access through the sewer system. Pedestrians can usually enter by means of pedestrian gates, which are generally unlocked.

In Brazil, the most widespread form of gated community is called "condomínio fechado" (closed housing estate) and is the object of desire of the upper classes. |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld Such a place is a small town with its own infrastructure (backup power supply, sanitation, and security guards). The purpose of such a community is to protect its residents from outside violence. The same philosophy is seen on closed buildings and most shopping centers (many of them can only be accessed from inside the parking lot or the garage).

In Panama, gated communities are increasing in popularity. Panama, officially the Republic of Panama (República de Panamá) is the southernmost country of Central America. People buy houses inside of them because of the increased security, mainly in big cities. The majority of these gated communities are built for the middle and upper middle classes. They are preferred from condos and apartments because of lower community payment, higher feelings of privacy, and lower house prices.

In Argentina, they are called "barrios privados" (literal translation "private neighborhoods") or just "countries" and are often seen as a symbol of wealth. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics. However, gated communities enjoy dubious social prestige (many members of the middle and middle upper class regard gated community dwellers as nouveaux riches or snobs[2]). While most gated communities have only houses, some bigger ones, such as Nordelta,[3] have their own hospital, school, shopping mall, and more. Nordelta district, located at the north of the Tigre Partido, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina, consists of a Gated community made up of In recent years, this influx of people going from the big cities to the gated communities has experienced a backlash in Argentina. Visiting Buenos Aires, the renewed geographer and urbanist Jordi Borja from Spain who teaches urban planning at the University of Barcelona criticized gated communities calling them[4] "the negation of cities". Buenos Aires is the Capital and largest city of Argentina. It is geographically located on the southern shore of the Río de la Plata, on the southeastern Architect and university professor Marcela Camblor, who heads the Urban Design Dept in Florida, USA[5] told the La Nacion newspaper that "the gated communities experiment has failed", calling them "unsustainable from the economic, social, and now even energetic point of view". News magazine Veintitres published a story in its January 25, 2007 issue titled "the dream is over" which highlights examples of people who initially moved to high-class gated communities only to return recently to the city, citing the high cost of commuting, the false sense of security (there are robberies even inside the gated communities) and a sense of isolation and competitiveness between neighbors lived inside those communities. Events 41 - After a night of negotiation Claudius is accepted as Roman Emperor by the Senate Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Elsa Allievi, of the important O'Connor real state agency, is quoted saying "we have an increasing number of requests from people who wants to leave the countries".

In post-apartheid South Africa, gated communities have mushroomed in response to high levels of violent crime. The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa South African gated communities are broadly classified as "security villages" (large-scale privately developed areas) or "enclosed neighborhoods". Some of the newest neighborhoods being developed are almost entirely composed of security villages, with a few isolated malls and other essential services (such as hospitals). A common mode of development of the security villages involves staking out a large land claim, building a high wall surrounding the entire zone, then gradually adding roads and other infrastructure. In part, property developers have adopted this response to counter squatting, which local residents fear due to associated crime, and which often results in a protracted eviction process. Squatting is the act of occupying an abandoned or unoccupied space or Building that the squatter does not own rent or otherwise have permission to use Crime syndicates have been known to acquire property in some of these security villages to be used as a base for their operations within them.

They are popular in southern China, namely the Pearl River Delta Region. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National The Zhu Jiang, ( Chinese 珠江 Pinyin: Zhū Jiāng or Pearl River or less commonly the Canton River, is China 's third longest These communities are often purchased by overseas Chinese, Hong Kong Chinese, and new-rich local Chinese. Hong Kong ( officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is a territory located on China 's south coast on the Pearl River Delta, and borders

In Saudi Arabia, gated communities have existed since the discovery of oil, mainly to accommodate Westerners and their families. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, KSA ( المملكة العربية السعودية, al-Mamlaka al-ʻArabiyya as-Suʻūdiyya) or Suudi After threat levels raised since the late 1990s against Westerners in general and Americans in particular, gates have become armed, sometimes heavily, and all vehicles have been inspected. Marksmen and SANG armored vehicles appeared in certain times, markedly after recent terrorist attacks in areas nearby, targeting Westerners. A marksman is a person that is skilled in Precision shooting, using projectile weapons such as with a Rifle but most commonly with a Sniper rifle, The Saudi Arabian National Guard (SANG also known as the White Army) is one of five branches of the Saudi Arabian

Analysis

Real estate developers build gated communities to appeal to buyers' desire for security and prestige.

Physical walls, in some cases fortified and surveiled, give the inhabitants a sense of security. Some sociologists have criticized the creation of these types of walls as fortressing and have compared them to historical fortifications. Fortifications are Military Constructions and Buildings designed for defense in Warfare Humans have constructed defensive works for Opponents of gated communities argue that physical segregation is not always necessary to create defensible space, that is, to establish control over a particular space. Defensible space is a concept first proposed by the Architect Oscar Newman and developed further by Alice Coleman. They claim symbolic barriers can be sufficient.

Another criticism is that gated communities offer a false sense of security. Studies indicate that safety in gated communities is more illusion than reality. Crime statistics show that gated communities have no less crime than non-gated neighborhoods. [6] In addition, bicycle and pedestrian connectivity are often greatly impaired by gated communities.

Gated communities are often insular and homogeneous; that is, grouped along boundaries of social class, race/ethnicity, or culture. Social class refers to the hierarchical distinctions (or stratification) between individuals or groups in Societies or Cultures. The term race or racial group usually refers to the concept of categorizing Humans into Populations or groups on the basis of various sets Culture (from the Latin cultura stemming from colere, meaning "to cultivate" generally refers to patterns of human activity and the symbolic The phenomenon of "white flight" has historically coincided with the establishment of gated communities. White flight is a term for the demographic trend in which working and Middle-class White people move away from Suburbs However, in a more upwardly mobile society, race is not always as much of the determining factor as economics. Wealth attracts wealth, and these are people who would congregate and socialize with the same type of people regardless of whether there is a gate around their community or not.

Common economic model types

Examples

A limited number of gated communities have long been established for foreigners in various regions of the world:

Argentina

There are many gated communities in Argentina, especially in Greater Buenos Aires, in the "partido" (county) of Pilar, 60 km N of Ciudad de Buenos Aires (Buenos Aires Federal District), as well as in other suburban areas, such as Nordelta. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics. Greater Buenos Aires ( Gran Buenos Aires, GBA in Spanish) is the generic denomination to refer to the Megalopolis comprised by the Autonomous city Buenos Aires is the Capital and largest city of Argentina. It is geographically located on the southern shore of the Río de la Plata, on the southeastern [3]

Even though Tortugas Country Club was the first gated community developed in Argentina-dating from the 1930s/1940's-most of them date form the 1990s, when liberal reforms were consolidated.

Since Buenos Aires has been traditionally regarded as a socially integrated city, gated communities have been the object of research by sociologists. Gated communities are regarded as a direct consequence of social polarization originated by liberal reforms. [7]

Lately, gated communities have been losing their appeal on security, due to well known murder cases and violent robberies: María Marta García Belsunce's as well as Nora Dalmasso's murders took place in their homes, located in upscale gated communities of Pilar and Río Cuarto, respectively. As of January 2007, the media have reported that dwellers of gated communities have been targeted as victims of assaults, robberies or simple vandalism. Vandalism is the behaviour attributed to the Vandals in respect of Culture: ruthless Destruction or spoiling of anything beautiful or Venerable

Australia

Although gated communities have been relatively rare in Australia, since the 1980s a few have been built. The most well-known are those at Hope Island, in particular Sanctuary Cove, on the Gold Coast of Queensland. Hope Island is an area in the city of the Gold Coast that is located roughly north of Runaway Bay. Sanctuary Cove is a Gated community, in the suburb of Hope Island in the Gold Coast area of Queensland, Australia This article is about the Australian city Gold Coast For other uses see Gold Coast. Queensland is a state of Australia, occupying the north-eastern corner of the mainland continent The success of Sanctuary Cove has led to other similar projects being built in the area. In Victoria, the first such development is Sanctuary Lakes, in the local government area of Wyndham, about 16km south west of Melbourne city. Sanctuary Lakes is a golfing estate in Point Cook Victoria including an 18 hole Greg Norman design Golf course and 168 acres (680000 m² of lake Melbourne ( is the second most populous city in Australia, with a Metropolitan area population of approximately 3 While these developments are suburban in form and easily identifiable, other less noticeable forms of the same kind of thing are the kind of residential high-rise towers constructed in the last 20 years that incorporate communal gyms, pools, meeting and dining facilities along with extremely high security systems and drive-in, drive-out secure garaging, meaning that residents are effectively insulated from public space in a similar manner to the suburban versions. Such buildings are not unique to Australia.

Brazil

Brazil also has many gated communities, particularly in the metropolitan regions Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld Rio de Janeiro ("River of January" ˈhiw dʒi ʒʌˈnejɾu in Brazilian Portuguese, /ˈriːoʊ di ʒəˈnɛroʊ/ in English is the second largest city of Brazil São Paulo ( is the largest city in Brazil, with its metropolitan area ranking among the largest urban areas in the world For example, one of São Paulo's suburbs, Tamboré, has at least 6 such compounds known as Tamboré 1, 2, 3, and so on. Each consists of generously spaced detached houses with very little to separate front gardens.

One of the first big-scale gated community projects in São Paulo city region was Barueri’s Alphaville, planned and constructed during the 1970’s military dictatorship when the big cities of Brazil faced steep increases of car ownership[8] by the white middle and higher-classes, rural exodus, poverty,[9] crime, favelas, urban sprawl and downtown decay, just like happened on the majority of American cities. The Greater São Paulo ( Grande São Paulo, in Portuguese) is a nonspecific term for the large Metropolitan area located in the São Barueri is a Brazilian city in the state of São Paulo. The population in 2006 is estimated to be 265549 the population density is 4149 Alphaville is the commercial name of a Real estate and gated communities development in Brazil and Portugal, constituted by a number of Over the course of the 20th century the Automobile rapidly developed from an expensive toy for the rich into the De facto standard for passenger Transport According to the 2006 census White Brazilians make up 497% of Brazil's population or around 93 million people Rural exodus (or rural flight) is a term used to describe the migratory patterns that normally occur in a region following the mechanisation of Agriculture. Favela (Portuguese and Spanish for slum) is a specifically Brazilian word for a Shanty town. Urban sprawl, also known as suburban sprawl, is the spreading of a city and its Suburbs over rural land at the fringe of an urban area Downtown is a term primarily used in North America to refer to a city's core usually in a geographical commercial and community sense Urban decay is a process by which a City, or a part of a city falls into a state of disrepair

During Brazil 1990’s neoliberal era, many former São Paulo city public streets and villages in richer areas were converted into private gated communities with the tacit consent of political authorities. Originally coined by its critics and opponents " neoliberalism " is a label referring to the recent reemergence of Economic liberalism or Classical liberalism Privatization is the incidence or process of transferring ownership of business from the Public sector (government to the Private sector (business

Canada

Planning laws in some Canadian provinces ban locked gates on public roads as a public health issue (they deny emergency vehicles quick access). Nevertheless, many newer suburban sudivisions employ decorative gates to give the impression of exclusivity and seclusion. An example of such an 'open' gated community exists on Navan Road in Ottawa.

China

China, and Beijing in particular, has experienced a surge in gated communities. These compounds, like most other gated communities around the world, target the rich. However, a significant percentage of the habitants of gated communities in Beijing are Westerners; foreigners from North America and Europe and also from other nations such as Korea. Often foreign companies choose the location of where their foreign employees will live, and in most cases they pay the rent and associated costs (eg. management fees and garden work etc. ).

India

In India, gated communities are a rage, since they offer exclusivity and security for the residents.

Mexico

Philippines

The Philippines has a sizeable number of gated communities or "subdivisions" as they are locally called.

Thailand

Nichada Thani is a rapidly expanding gated community based around International School Bangkok. International School Bangkok (ISB โรงเรียนสถานศึกษานานาชาติ is a widely recognized International school located outside

United Kingdom

In the United Kingdom, gated communities can usually be found in London, especially in the Docklands, such as New Caledonian Wharf, Kings and Queen Wharf and Pan Peninsula and East London, for example Bow Quarter in Bow, London, although there is an increasing number across the whole of the country. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Docklands is the semi-official name for an area in the east of London, England, comprising parts of several boroughs ( Southwark, Tower Hamlets New Caledonian Wharf is a luxury Gated community in the Rotherhithe area of London on the River Thames. Pan Peninsula, also known as 1 Millharbour, is a major residential development under construction in the Docklands area of London, opposite East London is the name commonly given to the north eastern part of London, England on the north side of the River Thames. Bow Quarter is an apartment complex located in Bow London. It consists of 733 one- and two-bedroom apartments and penthouses together with a handful of unique workers cottages Bow is an area of East London England, in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. There are an estimated 1000 gated communities in England. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland [10]

United States

Most gated communities in the U. S. are unincorporated, but uniquely, there are several incorporated gated cities in Southern California, namely Bradbury, Canyon Lake, Hidden Hills, Laguna Woods, and Rolling Hills. Bradbury is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. Canyon Lake is a Gated community in Riverside County, California, United States. Hidden Hills is an incorporated city and also a gated development in Los Angeles County, California, Laguna Woods is a city in Orange County, California, United States. Rolling Hills is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. To meet legal requirements, the city halls and municipal facilities are public, and private corporations own parks and other facilities within the gates. By 1997, an estimated 20,000 gated communities had been built across the country. [11] Approximately 40% of new homes in California are behind walls. California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. [12]

The village of Rosemont, Illinois, just outside Chicago, maintains a security checkpoint at the entrance of its main residential section. See also the Rosemont Convention Center Rosemont is a village in Cook County Illinois, that is a suburb of Chicago and is in the midst of a huge metropolitan

Other Countries

In fiction

References

  1. ^ "Low, S (2001) The Edge and the Center: Gated Communities and the Discourse of Urban Fear, American Anthropologist, March, Vol. 103, No. 1, pp. 45-58 Posted online on December 10, 2004. " [1]
  2. ^ Clarin
  3. ^ a b Nordelta
  4. ^ LOS AMORES NO SE VENDEN: Jordi Borja: "Los countries son una negación de la ciudad"
  5. ^ Marcela Camblor: "El experimento de los countries falló" | LANACION.com
  6. ^ Blakely, E.J., and M.G. Snyder. (1998). "Separate places: Crime and security in gated communities." In: M. Felson and R.B. Peiser (eds.), Reducing crime through real estate development and management, pp. 53-70. Washington, D.C.: Urban Land Institute.
  7. ^ Nueva Sociedad 207 | Privatizaciones, 15 años después
  8. ^ Middle-Class Wheels, TIME Magazine, December 6, 1968
  9. ^ A Decade of Ditadura, TIME Magazine, March 25, 1974
  10. ^ Gates and ghettoes: A tale of two Britains?
  11. ^ Prevention of Crime: An Overview of Gated Communities and Neighborhood Watch
  12. ^ Gated communities more popular, and not just for the rich
  13. ^ http://www.clarin.com/diario/2005/12/18/sociedad/s-05301.htm

See also

Further reading

External links

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