| Gastric mucosa | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Stomach | |
 |
|
| Section of mucous membrane of human stomach, near the cardiac orifice. X 45. c. Cardiac glands. d. Their ducts. cr. Gland similar to the intestinal glands, with goblet cells. mm. Mucous membrane. m. Muscularis mucosæ. m’. Muscular tissue within the mucous membrane. | |
| Latin | tunica mucosa gastris |
| Gray's | subject #247 1166 |
| Dorlands/Elsevier | t_22/12831946 |
The gastric mucosa is the mucous membrane layer of the stomach which contains the glands and the gastric pits. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Gray's Anatomy the Respiratory apparatus ( Apparatus Respiratorius Respiratory system Respiratory apparatus Elsevier, the world's largest Publisher of Medical and Scientific literature, forms part of the Reed Elsevier group The mucous membranes (or mucosae; singular mucosa) are linings of mostly endodermal origin covered in Epithelium, which are involved in In Human anatomy, the stomach is a J-shaped hollow muscular organ of the Gastrointestinal tract involved in the second phase of Digestion, following A gland is an organ in an animal's body that synthesizes a substance for release such as Hormones or Breast milk, often into the Bloodstream Gastric pits are indentations in the Stomach which denote entrances to the Glands. In men it is about 1 mm thick and its surface is smooth, soft, and velvety. It consists of epithelium, lamina propria, and the muscularis mucosae.
In its fresh state, it is of a pinkish tinge at the pyloric end and of a red or reddish-brown color over the rest of its surface. The pylorus (from Greek πυλωρος = "gate guard" is the region of the Stomach that connects to the Duodenum. In infancy it is of a brighter hue, the vascular redness being more marked.
It is thin at the cardiac extremity, but thicker toward the pylorus. The heart is a muscular organ in all Vertebrates responsible for pumping Blood through the Blood vessels by repeated rhythmic During the contracted state of the organ it is thrown into numerous plaits or rugae, which, for the most part, have a longitudinal direction, and are most marked toward the pyloric end of the stomach, and along the greater curvature. Rugae is a term used in Anatomy that refers to a series of ridges produced by folding of the wall of an organ. The greater curvature of the stomach is directed mainly forward and is four or five times as long as the Lesser curvature. These folds are entirely obliterated when the organ becomes distended.
When examined with a lens, the inner surface of the mucous membrane presents a peculiar honeycomb appearance from being covered with funnel-like depressions or foveolae of a polygonal or hexagonal form, which vary from 0. 12 to 0. 25 mm. in diameter. These are the ducts of the gastric glands, and at the bottom of each may be seen one or more minute orifices, the openings of the gland tubes. Gastric glands are simple or branched tubular glands that emerge on the deeper part of the gastric foveola, inside the gastric areas and outlined by the folds of the mucosa.
There are three types of glands: cardiac glands (in the proximal part of the stomach), oxyntic glands (the dominating type of gland), and pyloric glands. The cardiac glands mainly contain mucus producing cells. The bottom part of the oxyntic glands is dominated by zymogen (chief) cells that produce pepsinogen (an inactive precursor of the pepsin enzyme). Parietal cells, which secrete hydrochloric acid are scattered in the glands, with most of them in the middle part. The upper part of the glands consist of mucous neck cells; in this part the dividing cells are seen. The pyloric glands contain mucus-secreting cells. Several types of endocrine cells are found in all regions of the gastric mucosa. In the pyloric glands contain gastrin producing cells (G cells); this hormone stimulates acid production from the parietal cells. ECL (enterochromaffine-like) cells, found in the oxyntic glands release histamine, which also is a powerful stimulant of the acid secretion. The A cells produce glucagon, which mobilizes the hepatic glycogen, and the enterochromaffin cells that produce serotonin, which stimulates the contraction of the smooth muscles. Glucagon is an important Hormone involved in Carbohydrate metabolism. Glycogen is a Polysaccharide of Glucose (Glc which functions as the secondary short term energy storage in Animal cells
The surface of the mucous membrane is covered by a single layer of columnar epithelium . Columnar epithelia are epithelial cells whose heights are at least four times their width This epithelium commences very abruptly at the cardiac orifice, where there is a sudden transition from the stratified epithelium of the esophagus. The cardia (also known as Z-line or esophagogastric junction or gastroesophageal junction) is the anatomical term for the junction orifice of The esophagus or oesophagus (see American and British English spelling differences) sometimes known as the gullet, is an organ in The epithelial lining of the gland ducts is of the same character and is continuous with the general epithelial lining of the stomach.
See also
External links
This article was originally based on an entry from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy. Enterochromaffin-like cells or ECL cells are a type of Neuroendocrine cells found in the gastric glands of the Gastric mucosa beneath the Epithelium For similarly-named academic institutions see Education in Boston MA. The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone Henry Gray's Anatomy of the Human Body (or Gray's Anatomy as it has commonly been shortened is an English-language Human anatomy Textbook As such, some of the information contained herein may be outdated. Please edit the article if this is the case, and feel free to remove this notice when it is no longer relevant.
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic