The gas bladder (also fish maw, less accurately swim bladder or air bladder) is an internal organ that contributes to the ability of a fish to control its buoyancy, and thus to stay at the current water depth, ascend, or descend without having to waste energy in swimming. In Biology, an organ ( Latin: organum, "instrument tool" from Greek όργανον - organon "organ instrument Fish are aquatic Vertebrate animals that are typically ectothermic (previously Cold-blooded) covered with scales, and equipped with two In Physics, buoyancy ( BrE IPA: /ˈbɔɪənsi/ is the upward Force on an object produced by the surrounding liquid or gas in which it is [1]
The gas bladder is a gas-filled sac located in the dorsal portion of the fish. This page is about the physical properties of gas as a state of matter In Anatomy, the dorsum is the upper side of animals that typically run fly or swim in a horizontal position and the back side of animals (like humans that walk upright It has flexible walls that contract or expand according to the ambient pressure. Pressure (symbol 'p' is the force per unit Area applied to an object in a direction perpendicular to the surface The walls of the bladder contain very few blood vessels and are lined with guanine crystals, which make them impermeable to gases. The blood vessels are part of the Circulatory system and function to transport Blood throughout the body Guanine is one of the five main Nucleobases found in the Nucleic acids DNA and RNA, the others being Adenine, Cytosine, In physostomous gas bladders, a connection is retained between the gas bladder and the gut, allowing the fish to fill up the gas bladder by "gulping" air and filling the gas bladder through the pneumatic duct. In more derived varieties of fish, the bladder has a gas gland that can introduce gases (usually oxygen) to the bladder to increase its volume and thus increase buoyancy. The volume of any solid plasma vacuum or theoretical object is how much three- Dimensional space it occupies often quantified numerically In Physics, buoyancy ( BrE IPA: /ˈbɔɪənsi/ is the upward Force on an object produced by the surrounding liquid or gas in which it is To reduce buoyancy, gases are released from the bladder into the blood stream and then expelled into the water via the gills. In order to introduce gas into the bladder, the gas gland excretes lactic acid; the resulting acidity causes the hemoglobin of the blood to lose its oxygen, which then diffuses into the bladder while flowing through a complex structure known as the rete mirabile. Lactic acid ( IUPAC Systematic name: 2-hydroxypropanoic acid) also known as milk acid, is a Chemical compound that plays a role Hemoglobin ( also spelled haemoglobin and abbreviated Hb or Hgb) is the Iron -containing Oxygen -transport Metalloprotein Diffusion is the net movement of particles (typically molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration by uncoordinated random movement A rete mirabile ( Latin for 'wonderful net' plural retia mirabilia) is a complex of arteries and Veins lying very close to each other found in Elsewhere, at a similar structure known as the oval window, the bladder is in contact with blood and the oxygen can diffuse back.
Physoclist gas bladders have one important disadvantage: they prohibit fast rising, as the bladder would burst. Physostomes can "burp" out gas, though this complicates the process of re-submergence. Gas bladders are only found in ray-finned fish, but a few of these fish that do not need to change water depth have lost them. The Actinopterygii (the plural form of Actinopterygius) comprise the class of the ray-finned fishes. Many cartilaginous fish, including sharks, can control their depth only by swimming (using dynamic lift); others store fats or oils for the purpose. Cartilage is a type of dense Connective tissue. It is composed of specialized cells called chondrocytes that produce a large amount of extracellular matrix Sharks ( Superorder Selachimorpha) are a type of Fish with a full cartilaginous Skeleton and a highly streamlined body The prevailing type of fish locomotion is Swimming in Water. In addition some fish can "walk" i
In some fish, mainly freshwater species, the gas bladder is connected to the labyrinth of the inner ear by the Weberian apparatus, which provides a precise sense of water pressure (and thus depth), and may also improve hearing. For more uses of the word labyrinth, see Labyrinth (disambiguation The labyrinth is a System of fluid passages in the The ear is the sense organ that detects Sounds The Vertebrate ear shows a common biology from Fish to Humans with variations The Weberian apparatus is made up of a set of bones known as Weberian ossicles, a chain of small bones that connect the auditory system to the Gas bladder of Fluid pressure is the Pressure at some point within a Fluid, such as water or air
The combination of gases in the bladder varies; in shallow water fish, the ratios closely approximate that of the atmosphere, while deep sea fish tend to have higher percentages of oxygen. Temperature and layers The temperature of the Earth's atmosphere varies with altitude the mathematical relationship between temperature and altitude varies among five For instance, the eel Synaphobranchus has been observed to have 75. True eels ( Anguilliformes) are an order of Fish, which consists of four suborders 19 families 110 Genera and approximately 600 The grey cutthroat eel, Synaphobranchus affinis, is a Cutthroat eel, the only species in the genus Synaphobranchus. 1% oxygen, 20. 5% nitrogen, 3. Nitrogen (ˈnaɪtɹəʤɪn is a Chemical element that has the symbol N and Atomic number 7 and Atomic weight 14 1% carbon dioxide, and 0. Carbon dioxide ( Chemical formula:) is a Chemical compound composed of two Oxygen Atoms covalently bonded to a single 4% argon in its gas bladder. This article pertains to the chemical element For other uses see Argon (disambiguation.
Gas bladders are evolutionarily closely related (i. e. homologous) to lungs. In Evolutionary biology, homology has come to mean any similarity between characters that is due to their shared ancestry. lung is the essential Respiration organ in air-breathing Animals including most Tetrapods a few Fish and a few Snails The most primitive It is believed that the first lungs, simple sacs that allowed the organism to gulp air under oxygen-poor conditions, evolved into the lungs of today's terrestrial vertebrates and into the gas bladders of today's fish. Vertebrates are members of the Subphylum Vertebrata, Chordates with backbones or spinal columns The grouping sometimes includes In embryonal development, both lung and gas bladder originate as an outpocketing from the gut; in the case of gas bladders, this connection to the gut continues to exist as the pneumatic duct in more "primitive" teleosts, and is lost in the more derived orders. Teleostei is one of three infraclasses in class Actinopterygii, the ray-finned fishes There are no animals which have both lungs and a gas bladder.
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Human uses
In some Asian cultures, fish maw of certain large sea fishes is considered a food delicacy (Chinese name: 花膠). It is usually served braised or in stews. Fish maws are also used in the food industry as a source of collagen.
Gas bladders in other animals
The Portuguese Man o' War has a special gas bladder that allows its top to float along the surface while its tentacles trail below the water. The Portuguese Man O' War ( Physalia physalis) also known as the blue bubble, blue bottle, man-of-war, or the Portuguese man of war This organ is unrelated to the one in fish.
Footnotes
- ^ "Fish". Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia Deluxe 1999. (1999). Microsoft.
References
- Carl E. Bond, Biology of Fishes, 2nd ed. , (Saunders, 1996) pp. 283-290.
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