Gary McKinnon, also known as Solo, (born in Glasgow in 1966) is a British hacker accused by the United States of perpetrating the "biggest military computer hack of all time. Glasgow (ˈglæzgoʊ is the largest city in Scotland and third most populous in the United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Hack has several meanings in the technology and computer science fields " Following legal hearings in the UK it was decided in July 2006 that he should be extradited to the United States. Extradition is the official process by which one nation or state requests and obtains from another nation or state the surrender of a suspected or convicted criminal In February 2007 his lawyers argued against the ruling in an appeal to the High Court in London,^[1] which was turned down on April 3. For the Cameroonian court by this name see High Court of Justice (Cameroon, for the Israeli court of this name see Supreme Court of Israel. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Events 1043 - Edward the Confessor is crowned King of England. ^[2] He still has the possibility of appealing to the House of Lords, and his lawyer has stated that he will do this,^[3] using the argument that because the alleged offences were committed in the UK this is where he should be tried. The House of Lords is the second house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom and is also commonly referred to as "the Lords" On July 31, 2007 the House of Lords agreed to hear the appeal. Events 30 BC - Battle of Alexandria: Mark Antony achieves a minor victory over Octavian 's forces but most of his army subsequently Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ^[4]

Contents 1 Background 2 Statements to the media 3 NASA Documents 4 Radio play 5 References

Background

The computer systems administrator is accused of cracking into 97 United States military and NASA computers in 2001 and 2002. A computer is a Machine that manipulates data according to a list of instructions. A system administrator, systems administrator, or sysadmin, is a person employed to maintain and operate a Computer system and/or network. In common usage hacker is generic term for a computer criminal often with a specific specialty in computer intrusion The National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA, ˈnæsə is an agency of the United States government, responsible for the nation's public space program The computer networks he is accused of cracking include networks owned by NASA (although these were not password protected), the US Army, US Navy, Department of Defense, and the US Air Force. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA, ˈnæsə is an agency of the United States government, responsible for the nation's public space program The United States Army is a military organization whose primary mission is to "provide necessary forces and capabilities. The United States Department of Defense ( DOD or DoD) is the federal department charged with coordinating and supervising all agencies and functions of the government The US estimates claim the costs of tracking and correcting the problems he allegedly caused were around $700,000 . The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been

McKinnon was originally tracked down and arrested under the Computer Misuse Act by the UK National Hi-Tech Crime Unit (NHTCU) in 2002 who informed him that he would face community service. The Computer Misuse Act 1990 is an Act of the UK Parliament. The Act's introduction followed the decision in R v Gold (1988 1 AC 1063 with the bill's critics charging The National Hi-Tech Crime Unit (NHTCU (2001—2006 formed part of the National Crime Squad, a British Police organisation which The Crown Prosecution Service refused to charge him. The Crown Prosecution Service, or CPS, is a non-ministerial department of the Government of the United Kingdom responsible for public Prosecutions Later that year he was indicted by the United States government. In the Common law legal system an indictment (ɪnˈdaɪtmənt (in-DITE-mint is a formal accusation of having committed a criminal offense The federal government of the United States is the central United States Governmental body established by the United States Constitution. McKinnon remained at liberty without restriction for three years until June 2005 (after the UK had implemented a new extradition treaty with the US [which the US congress has not ratified]) when he became subject to bail conditions including a requirement to sign in at his local police station every evening, and to remain at his home address at night. The United States Congress is the bicameral Legislature of the federal government of the United States of America, consisting of two houses Traditionally bail is some form of Property deposited or pledged to a Court in order to persuade it to release a suspect from jail, on the understanding In addition he was banned from using a computer with access to the Internet. The Internet is a global system of interconnected Computer networks There have been no more developments in respect of the charges relating to United Kingdom legislation but in late 2005 the United States began extradition proceedings.

If he is extradited to the US and charged McKinnon faces up to 70 years in jail and has expressed fears that he could be sent to Guantanamo Bay. Extradition is the official process by which one nation or state requests and obtains from another nation or state the surrender of a suspected or convicted criminal The Guantanamo Bay Detention Camp is a controversial United States Detention center operated by Joint Task Force Guantanamo since 2002 in Guantanamo ^[5][6] He has said that he will contest the extradition proceedings and believes that he should face trial in the UK, principally as he argues that any alleged crimes were committed there and not in the United States.

In an interview televised on the BBC's Click programme,^[7] he claimed that he was able to get into the military's networks simply by using a Perl script that searched for blank passwords; in other words his report suggests that there were computers on these networks with the default passwords active. Click (previously Click Online) is a weekly BBC Television programme covering news and recent developments in the world of consumer NOTES FOR EDITORS "Perl" is not an acronym (read the "Name" section below

Statements to the media

During the length of time between his indictment and beginning of extradition proceedings, with a growing media interest in his case, Gary McKinnon has had a number of opportunities to address the media.

At the Infosecurity Europe 2006 conference in London on April 27, 2006, McKinnon appeared on the Hackers' Panel. Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. When asked how his exploits were first discovered, McKinnon answered that he had miscalculated the timezone — he was using remote-control software to operate a Windows computer while its user was sitting in front of it. Microsoft Windows is a series of Software Operating systems and Graphical user interfaces produced by Microsoft.

McKinnon has admitted in many public statements to unauthorised access of computer systems in the United States including those mentioned in the United States indictment. He claims his motivation, drawn from a statement made before the Washington Press Club on May 9, 2001 by the "The Disclosure Project", was to find evidence of UFOs, antigravity technology, and the government suppression of "Free Energy", all of which he claims to have proven through his actions. Events 1457 BC - Battle of Megiddo (15th century BC between Thutmose III and a large Canaanite coalition under the King of Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. The Disclosure Project is an organization started by Steven M Anti-gravity is the idea of creating a place or object that is free from the force of Gravity. Free energy suppression is a Conspiracy theory that claims that advanced Technology that would reshape current electrical generation methods is being suppressed ^[8]

In his interview with the BBC he also claimed that "The Disclosure Project" says there is "extra-terrestrial in origin and [they've] captured spacecraft and reverse engineered it. " He also claimed to have downloaded a low-resolution image of "something not man-made" and "cigar shaped" floating above the northern hemisphere. He said that unfortunately he did not manage to get a screenshot or recording of the image because he was "bedazzled" to see the image, could not remember the capture function in the software RemotelyAnywhere, and that he was "cut off" from his connection. ^[9]

The charge that he perpetrated "the biggest military hack of all time" is disputed by McKinnon who characterises himself as a "bumbling computer nerd". He refers to previous documented incidents of cracking including May 2001 when as acknowledged by U. S. government contractor Exigent International one or more hackers broke into a U. S government server storing satellite software and stole code. Evidence led investigators to an e-mail service in Sweden but the culprits were never apprehended. "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. In 1997, two California teenagers and a trio of Israeli hackers were arrested for cracking into Pentagon servers. California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. The Pentagon is the Headquarters of the United States Department of Defense, located in Arlington County, Virginia. A server is a Computer dedicated to providing one or more services over a computer network typically through a request-response routine Israeli hacker Ehud Tenenbaum, then 18 years old, and his two teenage accomplices were not extradited, but were prosecuted by local authorities. McKinnon has also claimed that on many occasions he noticed other crackers unlawfully entering the same systems and suggests that his activities were not unique. The U. S. Pentagon has for example in the past cited as many as 250,000 attacks in a single year.

NASA Documents

In 2006, a Freedom of Information Act request was filed to NASA for all documents pertaining to Gary McKinnon. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA, ˈnæsə is an agency of the United States government, responsible for the nation's public space program NASA's documents consisted of printed news articles from the Slashdot online news agency, but no other related documents. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA, ˈnæsə is an agency of the United States government, responsible for the nation's public space program Slashdot, often abbreviated as /, is a technology-related news Website owned by SourceForge Inc This is consistent with NASA employees browsing internet articles about Gary McKinnon, the records of which are public domain. As NASA is not a law-enforcement agency, no other documentation related to Gary McKinnon should be expected.

The records have been uploaded to the internet for review, and can be downloaded here.

Radio play

On December 12, 2007, BBC Radio 4 broadcast a radio play about the case, The McKinnon Extradition by John Fletcher. Events 627 - Battle of Nineveh: A Byzantine army under Emperor Heraclius defeats Emperor Khosrau II 's Persian Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. John Fletcher may refer to Sir John Aubrey-Fletcher 7th Baronet, 7th Baronet (1912-1992 John Robert Aubrey-Fletcher, heir-apparent (born

References

"The State vs. Events 842 - Charles the Bald and Louis the German swear the Oaths of Strasbourg in the French and German Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1043 - Edward the Confessor is crowned King of England. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 842 - Charles the Bald and Louis the German swear the Oaths of Strasbourg in the French and German Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 467 - Anthemius is elevated to Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 524 - Godomar, King of the Burgundians defeats the Franks at the Battle of Vézeronce. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The Hacker" by Nigel Watson in UFO Magazine, Vol. 21 No. 5, July 2006, pp32-37.

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