The Honourable  Gary Albert Doer  MLA
21st Premier of Manitoba
Incumbent
Assumed office  October 5, 1999
Lieutenant Governor	Peter M. Liba, John Harvard
Preceded by	Gary Filmon
Born	March 31, 1948 (1948-03-31) (age 60) Winnipeg, Manitoba
Political party	New Democratic
Spouse	Ginny Devine
Religion	Roman Catholic

Gary Albert Doer MLA (born March 31, 1948) is a politician in Manitoba, Canada. The prefix The Honourable or The Honorable (abbreviated to " The Hon The Legislative Assembly of Manitoba and the lieutenant governor form the Legislature of Manitoba the legislative branch of government in the The Premier of Manitoba is the First minister for the Canadian province of Manitoba. Events 869 - The Fourth Council of Constantinople is convened to decide about what to do about Patriarch Photius of Constantinople Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) Peter Michael Liba CM, OM ( May 10, 1940 - June 21, 2007) was a Manitoba journalist and office holder John Harvard PC OM (born June 4, 1938 in Glenboro, Manitoba) is a journalist politician and office Gary Albert Filmon, PC (born August 24, 1942) is a Manitoba politician Events 307 - After divorcing his wife Minervina, Constantine marries Fausta, the daughter of the retired Roman Emperor Year 1948 ( MCMXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Winnipeg (ˈwɪnɨpɛg is the capital and largest city in the Canadian province of Manitoba, and 7th largest municipality in Canada with a population The New Democratic Party of Manitoba is a social democratic political party in Manitoba, Canada. The Legislative Assembly of Manitoba and the lieutenant governor form the Legislature of Manitoba the legislative branch of government in the Events 307 - After divorcing his wife Minervina, Constantine marries Fausta, the daughter of the retired Roman Emperor Year 1948 ( MCMXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. A politician (from Greek " Polis " is an individual who is involved in influencing public decision making through the influence of Politics or a person Manitoba (English ˌmænɨˈtoʊbə French /manitoba/ is a province of Canada, spanning 647797 square kilometres (250116  sq mi of North America Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page He has been the Premier of Manitoba since 1999, leading a New Democratic Party government. The Premier of Manitoba is the First minister for the Canadian province of Manitoba. Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) The New Democratic Party of Manitoba is a social democratic political party in Manitoba, Canada. Doer is the longest-serving of Canada's current premiers. ^[1]

Contents 1 Early life and career 2 Cabinet minister 3 NDP leader 4 Leader of the Opposition 5 Premier 6 Federal politics 7 Ideology 8 External links 9 Table of offices held 10 Electoral record 11 Footnotes

Early life and career

Doer was born to a middle class family in Winnipeg, Manitoba. The middle class, in colloquial usage consists of those who have some economic independence but not a great deal of social Influence or power. Winnipeg (ˈwɪnɨpɛg is the capital and largest city in the Canadian province of Manitoba, and 7th largest municipality in Canada with a population His background is German and Welsh. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. He studied political science and sociology at the University of Manitoba for one year, but left to become a corrections officer at the Vaughan Street Detention Centre. Political science is a branch of Social sciences that deals with the theory and practice of Politics and the description and analysis of Political systems Sociology (from Latin: socius "companion" and the suffix -ology "the study of" from Greek λόγος lógos "knowledge" The University of Manitoba, in Winnipeg, Canada, is the largest university located in the province of Manitoba. He later rose to become deputy superintendent of the Manitoba Youth Centre. ^[2] Doer's work environment was not always safe: he once had to deal with a hostage taking situation, and was attacked with a baseball bat on another occasion. A baseball bat is a smooth wooden or metal club used in the game of Baseball to hit the ball after the ball is thrown by the pitcher. ^[3]

Doer became president of the Manitoba Government Employees' Association in 1979, and served in this capacity until 1986. The Manitoba Government and General Employees’ Union (MGEU is a Trade union in Manitoba, Canada. ^[4] He also held prominent positions with the Manitoba Federation of Labour and the National Union of Provincial Government Employees, served as a director of the Winnipeg Blue Bombers, and became a governor of the University of Manitoba. The Manitoba Federation of Labour is the Manitoba provincial Trade union federation of the Canadian Labour Congress. Template talkInfobox Union for usage --> The National Union of Public and General Employees (NUPGE is a Canadian The Winnipeg Blue Bombers are a Canadian Football League team based in Winnipeg Manitoba. ^[5] In 1983, he negotiated an agreement with the provincial government of Howard Pawley in which civil servants agreed to delay a wage increase in return for a guarantee of no layoffs or wage rollbacks. Howard Russell Pawley PC, OC, OM (born November 21, 1934) is a Canadian politician and professor who was Premier ^[6] The following year, he openly criticized Dennis McDermott's leadership of the Canadian Labour Congress. Dennis McDermott (November 3 1922 - February 13 2003 was a Canadian trade unionist Canadian Director of the United Auto Workers from 1968 to 1978 and president The Canadian Labour Congress, or CLC (in French "le Congrès du travail du Canada ^[7]

Doer initially joined the New Democratic Party in the 1970s, and worked for the party in the 1973 provincial election. The Manitoba General Election of June 28, 1973 was held to elect Members of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Manitoba, Canada ^[8] He discontinued his membership in 1975 to preserve his union's neutrality, and was subsequently courted by both the New Democrats and Progressive Conservatives to run as a candidate for office. The Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba is a right-of-centre Political party in Manitoba, Canada. ^[9] He rejoined the NDP in 1986, and ran as a candidate in that year's provincial election. The Manitoba general election of March 18 1986 was held to elect Members of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Manitoba, Canada. ^[10][11]

Cabinet minister

Doer was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba in the 1986 provincial election for the northeast Winnipeg division of Concordia. The Legislative Assembly of Manitoba and the lieutenant governor form the Legislature of Manitoba the legislative branch of government in the Concordia is a provincial electoral division in the Canadian province of Manitoba. He joined the government of Premier Howard Pawley on April 17, 1986 as Minister of Urban Affairs, and was given additional responsibilities as Minister responsible for the Manitoba Telephone System on December 2 of the same year. The Premier of Manitoba is the First minister for the Canadian province of Manitoba. Howard Russell Pawley PC, OC, OM (born November 21, 1934) is a Canadian politician and professor who was Premier Events 69 - After the First Battle of Bedriacum, Vitellius becomes Roman Emperor. Year 1986 ( MCMLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar) The Minister of Urban Affairs is a former cabinet position in Manitoba, Canada. The Minister responsible for the Manitoba Telephone System is a former government position in Manitoba, Canada. Doer ordered a Royal Canadian Mounted Police probe of the MTS soon after his appointment, and worked to reform its practices following a failed investment in Saudi Arabia. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, KSA ( المملكة العربية السعودية, al-Mamlaka al-ʻArabiyya as-Suʻūdiyya) or Suudi ^[12] He soon developed a reputation as a "fixer", working as a trouble-shooter in difficult fields. ^[13]

Doer was given further responsibilities as Minister of Crown Investments on February 5, 1987,^[14] and was later named as Minister responsible for the Accountability of Crown Corporations (August 19, 1987) and Minister responsible for the Liquor Control Act (September 21, 1987). The Minister of Crown Investments is a former cabinet position in Manitoba, Canada. The Minister charged with the administration of The Crown Corporations Public Review and Accountability Act is a government position in the province of Manitoba, Canada Events 43 BC - Octavian, later known as Augustus compels the Roman Senate to elect him Consul. Year 1987 ( MCMLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays 1987 Gregorian calendar) The Minister charged with the administration of the Liquor Control Act is a government position in the province of Manitoba, Canada. Events 1217 - The Estonian tribal leader Lembitu of Lehola was killed in a battle against Teutonic Knights. Year 1987 ( MCMLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays 1987 Gregorian calendar) He was seen as a rising star in the party, and was sometimes mentioned as a future leader. ^[15]

The Pawley government was sustained by a narrow legislative majority after the 1986 election, and was defeated on March 8, 1988 when disgruntled backbencher Jim Walding voted with the opposition on a motion of non-confidence. Events 1618 - Johannes Kepler discovers the third law of planetary motion. Year 1988 ( MCMLXXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar) Derek James "Jim" Walding ( May 9 1937 – April 23 2007) was a politician in Manitoba, Canada. A motion of no confidence (also vote of no confidence, censure motion, no-confidence motion, or confidence motion) is a Parliamentary motion Pawley resigned as NDP leader the next day, and called a new general election for April 26. ^[16]

NDP leader

Leadership election

Doer was the first declared candidate in the Manitoba New Democratic Party's 1988 leadership race. He was supported by cabinet ministers Vic Schroeder, Myrna Phillips, Muriel Smith, Leonard Evans, Jerry Storie and Wilson Parasiuk, and federal Members of Parliament Rod Murphy and David Orlikow,^[17] He also received an endorsement from the Manitoba Federation of Labour. Victor Harold Schroeder (born February 16, 1944 to a Mennonite family in Altona, Manitoba) is a Politician Myrna Phillips (born 1942) is a Politician in Manitoba, Canada. Muriel Smith ( May 9, 1930 - is a Manitoba politician She ran for the leadership of the New Democratic Party of Manitoba in 1979 and subsequently Leonard Salusbury Evans (born August 19, 1929) is a retired politician in Manitoba, Canada. Jerry Thomas Storie (born March 23, 1950) is a politician in Manitoba, Canada. Wilson Parasiuk (born May 6, 1943 in Stenen Saskatchewan, Canada) is an entrepreneur with extensive experience in the private and public sectors A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters to a Parliament. Rodney Edward Murphy (born 16 October 1946 in Winnipeg Manitoba) was a New Democratic Party member of the Canadian House of Commons David Orlikow ( April 20, 1918 in Winnipeg, Manitoba – January 19, 1998) was a Canadian politician and a long-serving ^[18] Doer emphasized his experience in managing large organizations, and called for pay equity legislation to be introduced within a year of his election. Equal pay for women is an issue involving pay Inequality between men and women ^[19] He narrowly defeated rival candidate Len Harapiak on the third ballot of the party's leadership convention in Winnipeg. Leonard Harapiak ( July 4, 1942 - is a Manitoba politician He served in the NDP government of Howard Pawley, and narrowly lost the The New Democratic Party of Manitoba has held five Leadership conventions to select a party leader since its founding in 1961. ^[20] He was not sworn in as premier, as the legislature had already been dissolved. ^[21]

Doer became leader of the Manitoba NDP when the party was at a low ebb of popularity. An internal poll before the election showed the party with only 6% support, and some NDP workers privately worried that they could lose all of their legislative seats. ^[22] Many believed Doer was their best hope for a recovery. ^[23] Support for the NDP increased to 19% in the leadership campaign, and to 23% after Doer was chosen as leader. The party nevertheless remained in third place, and faced an uphill struggle in the 1988 election. The Manitoba general election of April 26 1988 was held to elect Members of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Manitoba, Canada. ^[24]

1988 election

Doer promised a $58 million tax cut in the 1988 election, and opposed the federal government's free trade deal with the United States of America. The Canadian Government, formally Her Majesty's Government in Canada, is the Federal government of Canada. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the He indicated that he was open to the possibility of amending the Meech Lake Accord, a federal proposal for constitutional reform. The Meech Lake Accord was a set of failed amendments to the Constitution of Canada negotiated in 1987 by Prime Minister Brian Mulroney and the provincial ^[25] He also promised to build more community health centres, and supported home renovations for senior citizens and the disabled. ^[26]

The NDP won 12 out of 57 seats, while the Progressive Conservatives under Gary Filmon won 25 seats and the Liberals under Sharon Carstairs jumped from one seat to twenty. Gary Albert Filmon, PC (born August 24, 1942) is a Manitoba politician The Manitoba Liberal Party is a political party in Manitoba, Canada. Sharon Carstairs, PC (born April 26, 1942) is a Canadian politician and Senator. Doer rejected the possibility of forming a coalition government with the Liberals, and the Progressive Conservatives were able to form a minority government with the NDP holding the balance of power. A coalition government, or coalition cabinet, is a Cabinet of a parliamentary Government in which several parties cooperate A minority government or a minority cabinet is a Cabinet of a Parliamentary system formed when the governing Political party or ^[27] He was not personally blamed for his party's loss, and continued as party leader. The NDP chose not to defeat Filmon's government during confidence vote in late 1988 and early 1989, as Doer argued the public would not support another election so soon. ^[28]

Meech Lake Accord

The dominant political issue in Manitoba between 1988 and 1990 was the Meech Lake Accord, which recognized Quebec as a "distinct society" in Canada and devolved some powers from the federal government to the provinces. The Meech Lake Accord was a set of failed amendments to the Constitution of Canada negotiated in 1987 by Prime Minister Brian Mulroney and the provincial Quebec (kwɨˈbɛk Distinct society (in French la société distincte) is a political expression especially used during a Constitutional debate in Canada, in the second half The accord required approval from all ten provincial legislatures to become law. The provincial Liberals were initially opposed to the Accord, which meant that Doer's support was necessary for its passage. ^[29] In November 1988, Doer indicated that his party would not support the accord unless certain amendments were introduced. ^[30] He was later appointed to a provincial panel that held a series of public meetings, and recommended significant changes to the deal. ^[31] The Filmon government also expressed skepticism about the accord, and announced that it too would seek amendments from the federal government.

All three Manitoba party leaders agreed to a federally-brokered compromise in June 1990, shortly before the accord's official deadline. ^[32] The accord nonetheless failed to pass in the Manitoba legislature on time because of a procedural motion from Elijah Harper, a Cree member of the NDP caucus who argued that it did not give fair representation to Aboriginal Canadians. Elijah Harper (born March 3, 1949) is an Aboriginal Cree Canadian politician and band chief Not to be confused with the Creek. Cree is an Exonym applied to various people indigenous to North America namely the Nehiyaw Nehithaw Nehilaw Aboriginal people in Canada, also known as Canadian aboriginal citizens, are people who belong to recognized indigenous groups in the Canadian Constitution Act Doer described Harper's decision as "a fundamental issue of conscience", and blamed Prime Minister Brian Mulroney for delaying negotiations until the deadline had almost expired. The Prime Minister of Canada ( French: Premier ministre du Canada) is the primary Minister of the Crown, chairman of the Cabinet, and thus Martin Brian Mulroney PC CC GOQ (predominantly known as Brian Mulroney) (born March 20, 1939) was the eighteenth ^[33] One year later, he indicated that he felt "betrayed" by federal negotiators, and described the entire Meech Lake process as "dishonest from start to finish". ^[34]

1990 election

The chief beneficiary of the Meech Lake Accord's defeat was Premier Filmon, whose campaign for changes to the accord was generally supported by Manitoba voters. ^[35] In the aftermath of the accord's defeat, Filmon called a new provincial election for September 11, 1990. The Manitoba general election of September 11, 1990 was held to elect Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs of the Province of Manitoba, Doer promised a ten-year freeze on personal income taxes, and argued that the Progressive Conservatives would pursue a hidden right-wing agenda if they won a majority government. In the Westminster System, there is a majority government when the governing party enjoys an Absolute majority of seats in the Legislature or ^[36] He also promised legislation that would make it more difficult for companies based in Manitoba to close down. ^[37]

An early poll showed the NDP in third place with 18% support, well behind the governing Progressive Conservatives and also behind the Liberals. ^[38] The Liberal campaign faltered, however, and the New Democrats were able to make strong gains in the election's final days, partly buoyed by Bob Rae's unexpected victory in the neighbouring province of Ontario. Robert Keith "Bob" Rae PC OC QC OOnt MP (born August 2, 1948) is a Canadian Ontario (ɒnˈtɛrioʊ is a province located in the central part of Canada, the largest by population and second largest after Quebec ^[39] The Progressive Conservatives won a narrow majority with 30 seats, while the New Democrats won 20 and the Liberals seven. Doer succeeded Carstairs as Leader of the Opposition in the next sitting of the legislature. A list of parliamentary opposition leaders in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba, Canada, from 1870 to the present

Leader of the Opposition

First term, 1990-95

Doer criticized the Filmon government's cutbacks to health and education, and drew attention to the province's rising unemployment and child poverty rates in the early 1990s. ^[40] In opposing Filmon's austerity measures, he argued it was inappropriate for the government to cut jobs at a time of high unemployment. ^[41] In 1993, he opposed the government's decision to end funding for groups such as the Foster Family Association, the Assembly of Manitoba Chiefs, the Manitoba Anti-Poverty Organization and the Manitoba Environmental Council. ^[42]

Doer announced in late 1992 that his caucus would support the Charlottetown Accord, a comprehensive package on constitutional reform that was introduced by the federal government after the failure of Meech Lake. The Charlottetown Accord was a package of constitutional amendments proposed by the Canadian federal and provincial governments in 1992. ^[43] The Accord was defeated in a national referendum.

Doer released an election platform in November 1994, highlighted by a ten-point preventive health-care program for children and a six-point Manitoba Works plan to reduce unemployment. ^[44]

1995 election

Doer focused on health issues in the 1995 provincial election. The Manitoba general election of 1995 was held to elect Members of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Manitoba, Canada. He announced that he would work to replace walk-in clinics with neighbourhood health organizations, to be staffed with salaried doctors, nurses, midwives and social workers. ^[45] He pledged to negotiate with pharmaceutical companies to reduce prescription drug costs, and to review some of the hundreds of drugs that had been delisted in recent years. ^[46] He also promised to create a new group of health providers called nurse practitioners, to carry out some doctors' responsibilities. A Nurse Practitioner (NP is a Registered nurse who has completed specific advanced Nursing education (generally a Master's degree) and training in the ^[47] On economic issues, Doer promised a balanced budget with no personal or sales tax increases over four years and indicated that he would cut nearly $119 million from government programs to fund health, education, and job creation. ^[48]

An early poll from the Angus Reid firm showed the Progressive Conservatives with 37% support, the Liberals with 35%, and the NDP with 21%. Angus Reid (born September 23rd, 1976 in Richmond British Columbia) is an Offensive lineman for the B ^[49] The Liberal campaign faltered once again, however, and a poll released only days before the election showed the NDP had again surpassed the Liberals for second place. ^[50] The Progressive Conservatives were re-elected with 31 seats, the NDP increased their total to 23, and the Liberals fell to only three.

In the closing days of the election, Doer asked the province's chief electoral officer to investigate reports that three independent candidates from an unregistered party known as Independent Native Voice had received assistance from a Progressive Conservative campaign official. Independent Native Voice, also known as Native Voice, was a short-lived political party in Manitoba, Canada. Some believed these candidates would split the progressive-left vote in their ridings, and give the Progressive Conservatives a greater chance of victory. ^[51] Little was done at the time, but the story emerged as a prominent scandal following an exposé from the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation in June 1998. Doer called for an inquiry, which the Filmon government granted; the presiding officer determined that at least one of the candidates had been induced to run to by a local agents of the Progressive Conservative Party. ^[52]

Second term, 1995-99

Despite an improving economy, the Filmon government's 1996 budget introduced further cuts to social assistance, health care, and post-secondary and public school education. Doer argued that the cuts were ideological in nature, and not based on financial necessity. ^[53] The government also introduced legislation to permit unionized workers to stop their dues from being donated to a political party. The NDP and labour movement described this as a partisan decision, and Doer suggested that corporate shareholders should also be allowed to opt out of donations to parties. ^[54]

Doer opposed the Filmon government's decision to privatize the Manitoba Telephone System in 1996, arguing that it would cause Manitobans would lose control over a vital part of their economy. Manitoba Telecom Services Inc ( or MTS, formerly Manitoba Telephone System is the primary telecommunications carrier in the Canadian Province of ^[55] He called for a referendum, which Filmon rejected. ^[56] Doer nonetheless accepted the finality of the sale, telling party delegates in 1999 that buying back the service would be too expensive and carry too many risks. ^[57]

Doer also opposed the Filmon government's proposed changes to the single-desk marketing of the Canadian Wheat Board. The Canadian Wheat Board (known at times as the Canada Wheat Board or by the acronym CWB) was established by the Parliament of Canada in 1935 as a producer ^[58] Doer argued there could be no "middle-of-the-road" position on the Wheat Board, and that continued single-desk marketing would be "in the economic interests of producers and the economic interests of Winnipeg". ^[59]

Some New Democrats expressed discontent with Doer's leadership in late 1997. Most notably, a group led by policy committee chairman Victor Olson issued a statement on party renewal that was generally interpreted as a challenge to his leadership. ^[60] This came to nothing, but there was general agreement among party members that Doer would need to win the next election to continue as party leader. ^[61]

1999 election

In the buildup to the 1999 provincial election, Doer unveiled a platform that called for balanced budgets, debt repayment and a freeze on taxes. The Manitoba general election of September 21, 1999 was held to elect Members of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Manitoba, ^[62] He again emphasized health care as a priority,^[63] and said that the government should stop using public monies for politically-motivated polls and advertisements. ^[64] He also expressed concern that the Progressive Conservatives could privatize Manitoba Hydro,^[65] and criticized a provincial workfare initiative as giving too much discretionary power to the government. Founded in 1961 Manitoba Hydro is the electric power and natural gas utility in the province of Manitoba. Workfare is an alternative model to conventional Social welfare systems ^[66] The NDP nevertheless voted to support the Filmon government's 1999 budget, citing a decision to increase health spending with money from a provincial "rainy day fund". ^[67] Doer argued, however, that his party would replace a budgeted income tax cut with a property tax cut. ^[68]

The NDP entered the 1999 election in a much stronger position than in the three previous campaigns. A poll taken three years earlier had shown the NDP leading the Progressive Conservatives for the first time since the Pawley administration. ^[69] The Tories regained their lead by 1998, but fallout from the vote-splitting scandal gave the NDP an 8% lead in a Probe/Free Press poll released in March 1999. ^[70] In this period, many began to regard the NDP as a possible government-in-waiting. ^[71] Later polls showed the gap between the parties narrowing to a virtual tie. ^[72]

Doer pledged $13 million to shorten health-care waiting times in the 1999 campaign, and said that he would work to end "hallway medicine" in overcrowded hospitals. He also pledged an additional $2 million to hire more nurses and provide incentives for rural doctors. ^[73] In education, he promised to cut college and university tuition fees by 10% and to invest $24 million to the province's three community colleges. ^[74] On election reform, he promised to ban campaign donations from corporations and unions. ^[75] Doer also criticized the Filmon government's handling of a contract with Urban Shared Services Corp. , which tried to save money by reheating food for hospitals and seniors' homes at a centralized location. The project went well over-budget, and the food was often criticized as inedible. ^[76]

A poll released a week before the election showed the NDP and Progressive Conservatives tied with 42% support, and the election was considered too close to call until the actual day of voting. ^[77] The NDP ultimately won 32 seats, against 24 for the Progressive Conservatives and only one for the Liberals. A collapse of the Liberal vote worked to the NDP's advantage. ^[78]

Premier

More than eleven years after declining the option, Doer was sworn in as Premier of Manitoba on October 5, 1999. The Premier of Manitoba is the First minister for the Canadian province of Manitoba. Events 869 - The Fourth Council of Constantinople is convened to decide about what to do about Patriarch Photius of Constantinople Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) He also took the position of Minister of Federal/Provincial Relations. The Minister of Federal/Provincial Relations is a Cabinet minister in the province of Manitoba, Canada. ^[79]

Re-election campaigns

After governing for just under four years, Doer called a new provincial election for June 2003. The Manitoba general election held on June 3, 2003 was held to elect Members of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Manitoba, He brought forward a five point re-election plan highlighted by promises to reduce property and income taxes, hire more nurses and doctors and make reductions in medical waiting lists, take a cautious approach to managing the economy, and improve the province's education and law enforcement systems. Many journalists noted similarities to the NDP's 1999 campaign platform. ^[80] The NDP held a massive lead in the polls throughout the campaign, and most observers agreed that the party's re-election was a foregone conclusion. ^[81] Even the Winnipeg Free Press, not traditionally supportive of the NDP, urged voters to re-elect Doer's government. The Winnipeg Free Press is a daily Broadsheet Newspaper in Winnipeg, Manitoba. ^[82] The NDP won an increased majority with 49. 47% support and 35 of 57 seats, and made inroads into traditionally Progressive Conservative areas of south Winnipeg.

Four years later, Doer called another election for May 2007. The Manitoba general election held on May 22 2007 was held to elect Members of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Manitoba ^[83] The NDP campaign focused on Doer's personal popularity and his government's record in office. ^[84] The party released a seven-point re-election plan, focused on health care, the environment, education, tax cuts, public safety, money for highways, and keeping Manitoba Hydro as a public institution. ^[85] Doer promised to hire 700 nurses and nurse practitioners, 100 new police officers, 20 new crown prosecutors, and 20 new workplace safety inspectors. He also promised to improve Manitoba's record on vehicle emissions, provide tax credits for caregivers, and phase out the provincial small business tax over three years. ^[86] The NDP was again re-elected with an increased majority, this time taking 36 of 57 seats.

Prominent cabinet members

Jean Friesen served as Doer's Deputy Premier in his first term. Jean Friesen (born July 30, 1943) is a politician in Manitoba, Canada. The Deputy Premier is a Cabinet minister in the province of Manitoba, Canada. Friesen retired in 2003, and Doer chose Rosann Wowchuk as her replacement. Rosann Wowchuk (born August 15, 1945) is a Manitoba politician and a current cabinet minister in the New Democratic Party government ^[87] She continues to hold this position as of 2007.

Prominent members of Doer's first cabinet included Greg Selinger in Finance, Gord Mackintosh in Justice, David Chomiak in Health and Rosann Wowchuk in Agriculture. Gregory Selinger is a Politician in Manitoba, Canada. He has been a member of the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba since 1999 and serves as The Minister of Finance is a Cabinet minister in the government of Manitoba. Gord Mackintosh (born July 7, 1955) is a politician in Manitoba, Canada. The Ministry of Justice is a department of the government of Manitoba. David Walter Chomiak ( February 15, 1953 - is a politician in Manitoba, Canada. List of Health Ministers in Manitoba (+ Official title Minister of Health and Public Welfare (from July 12, 1928 until 1940 and again from 1952 until The Minister of Agriculture Food and Rural Initiatives is a Cabinet minister in the province of Manitoba Canada ^[88] Tim Sale replaced Chomiak at Health in October 2004, and was in turn succeeded by Theresa Oswald in 2006. Edward Timothy (Tim Sale (born February 5, 1942) is a Manitoba politician and a former member of the Premier Gary Doer 's Theresa Oswald is a politician in Manitoba, Canada. She is currently a New Democratic Party member of the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba. ^[89] Chomiak replaced Mackintosh at Justice in 2006. ^[90] Selinger remains as Finance Minister in 2007, while Wowchuk remains in Agriculture.

Financial policy

The Doer government has brought forward an uninterrupted succession of balanced budgets since its first election in 1999. From a Keynesian point of view a balanced Budget in the Public sector is achieved when the government has enough fiscal discipline to be able to equate These budgets have generally been cautious, and have sought to balance tax concerns with spending increases. Doer's first budget, delivered in 2000, removed 15,000 low-income Manitobans from the tax rolls and introduced $150 million in tax breaks over three years while projecting a $10 million surplus. ^[91] His 2003 budget, the last of his first term, reduced provincial taxes by $82. 7 million and increased spending by about 5%, mostly in health and education. ^[92]

Despite a series of economic setbacks, the government was able to post a balanced budget in 2004 through increased taxes and drug premiums as well as civil service reduction through attrition. Tobacco and liquor taxes were increased and the provincial sales tax expanded to cover more services,^[93] although Doer rejected a panel recommendation to increase the sales tax by 1%. ^[94]

The government was able introduce a more expansive budget in 2005 after an infusion of federal revenues, reducing personal and property taxes, increasing spending by 3. 5%, and putting $314 million into a "rainy day" fund. ^[95] Doer's 2006 and 2007 budgets introduced further tax cuts, and the 2007 budget offered increased education spending and a new child benefit to assist low-income families. ^[96]

Doer encouraged the Bank of Canada to lower its rates in late 2003, saying that the rising strength of the Canadian dollar in relation to the American dollar was causing increased unemployment. For the defunct commercial bank see Bank of Canada (commercial. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been ^[97] He later criticized Bank Governor David Dodge for doing nothing to save Canadian jobs and profits. David A Dodge, OC (born Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 1943 is a Canadian Economist. ^[98] In early 2008, he called for a national strategy to offset the disruptions caused by Canada's soaring dollar. ^[99]

In 2004, provincial Auditor General Jon Singleton argued that Manitoba was actually running a deficit due to costs associated with crown corporations, utilities and arm's-length agencies that were not officially counted in the budget. The Office of the Auditor General Manitoba, formerly called the Provincial Auditor's Office is an independent office of the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba. Jon Singleton is a Public servant in Manitoba, Canada. He is best known for his high-profile tenure as Auditor General of Manitoba from 1996 He recommended that Manitoba adopt a system of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP is the standard framework of guidelines for Financial accounting. Greg Selinger, Doer's Finance Minister, noted that the existing rules were set in place by the Filmon government, and indicated that the NDP had included a summary financial statement to its budget including many of the costs Singleton identified. ^[100] The Doer government nevertheless announced in 2005 that it would adopt GAAP. ^[101]

For the first seven years of his administration, Doer was assisted on financial matters by Eugene Kostyra, a cabinet minister from the Pawley government. Eugene Michael Kostyra (born June 19, 1947 in Winnipeg, Manitoba) is a Politician in Manitoba Canada. Kostyra resigned from his position as secretary of Manitoba's Community and Economic Development Committee in late 2006,^[102] and Angela Mathieson was appointed as his replacement. ^[103]

Health

Doer has frequently argued in support of Canada's public health system. ^[104] He criticized Alberta's plan to introduce more private health provisions in 2002, and defended the public system as efficient and less expensive. Alberta (ælˈbɝtə is one of Canada's prairie provinces. It became a province on September 1 1905 ^[105] In the same year, he endorsed Roy Romanow's assessment that the federal government must play a stronger role in health care to prevent more encroachments by the private system. Roy John Romanow PC OC QC SOM (born August 12, 1939 in Saskatoon Saskatchewan) is a Canadian ^[106] At a presentation before the Romanow Commission in 2002, Doer called for the federal government to double its health care commitment. ^[107] Two years later, he played a significant role in negotiations that saw the federal government contribute $18 billion in new funding to the provinces over six years. ^[108]

The Doer government's first budget included a $135 million increase in health spending, taking total provincial spending to $2. 43 billion. ^[109] In October 2002, the government announced a long-anticipated $100 million expansion to the Health Sciences Centre in Winnipeg, with new operating rooms and emergency departments. ^[110] The government was unable to end "hallway medicine" in the six-month period it had promised during the 1999 election, and faced the difficulty of nursing position vacancies in the early 2000s. ^[111] Nevertheless, most observers agreed that the provincial situation improved significantly between 1999 and 2003. ^[112] Health spending continued to increase during Doer's second term; a report in December 2004 indicated that Manitoba's per capita health spending was the highest in Canada for the seventh continuous year. ^[113]

Doer emerged as a defender of Manitoba's burgeoning internet pharmaceutical industry after 2003. This industry was very popular among American clients, and provoked some opposition within both countries. ^[114] In 2004, Doer accused federal Health Minister Ujjal Dosanjh of capitulating to American interests in calling for increased restrictions on the industry. The Minister of Health (Ministre de la Santé is the Minister of the Crown in the Canadian Cabinet who is responsible for overseeing the federal government's health Ujjal Singh Dosanjh, PC, MP (born September 9, 1947, Jalandhar, India) is a Canadian Lawyer ^[115] He later argued that the Canadian government could protect its national drug supply and maintain Manitoba's pharmaceutical sector by banning bulk exports. ^[116]

Doer's government introduced a landmark anti-smoking bill in 2004, banning smoking in all indoor public places and workplaces across the province. Supported by all parties, the legislation was the first of its kind in Canada. ^[117] It did not cover Manitobans working in federal government buildings or living on First Nations territory,^[118] although a provincial judge extended the policy to First Nations territory in 2006. First Nations is a term of Ethnicity that refers to the Aboriginal peoples in Canada who are neither Inuit nor Métis people ^[119]

Doer welcomed Prime Minister Paul Martin's decision to name Winnipeg as the site of Canada's new public health agency in 2004. The Prime Minister of Canada ( French: Premier ministre du Canada) is the primary Minister of the Crown, chairman of the Cabinet, and thus Paul Edgar Philippe Martin. PC, MP (also known as Paul Martin Jr ^[120]

Social policy

The Doer government passed a bill granting full adoption rights to gay and lesbian couples in 2002. The NDP and Liberals supported the bill, while the Progressive Conservatives voted against it. ^[121]

In 2004, the federal government announced that it would introduce legislation to permit the legalization of same-sex marriage. On July 20, 2005, Canada became the fourth country in the world to legalize same-sex marriage nationwide with the approval of the Civil Marriage Act. Federal Justice Minister Irwin Cotler initially indicated that civic officials would be allowed to opt out of performing same-sex marriages if the practice offended their beliefs. The Minister of Justice (Ministre de la Justice is the Minister of the Crown in the Canadian Cabinet who is responsible for the Department of Justice Irwin Cotler, PC, OC, MP (born May 8, 1940) was Canada 's Minister of Justice and Attorney General Doer criticized this, arguing that provincial employees should not be permitted to discriminate. ^[122] He initially declined to make his personal views public, but announced in late 2004 that he supported same-sex marriage as a human right. Human rights refers to the "basic Rights and freedoms to which all humans are entitled ^[123]

In April 2005, Doer signed a $176 million deal with the federal government of Paul Martin to expand the provincial day-care sector. Paul Edgar Philippe Martin. PC, MP (also known as Paul Martin Jr ^[124] The project was canceled in 2006 by the new Conservative government of Stephen Harper, over Doer's objections. The Conservative Party of Canada ( Parti conservateur du Canada) colloquially known as the " Tories " is a conservative WikipediaManual of Style (biographies#Honorific prefixes --> Stephen Joseph Harper PC ^[125]

Unlike some within the NDP, Doer is personally opposed to the decriminalization of marijuana, which he has said could result in economic difficulties with the United States of America. Cannabis, also known as marijuana or marihuana, or ganja (from Hindi / Sanskrit: गांजा gānjā hemp) is a The United States of America —commonly referred to as the ^[126]

Education

Doer's government cut university tuition by 10% during its first term, and later provided universities with a property tax exemption. ^[127] It also amalgamated several school divisions prior to the 2002 municipal elections,^[128] and began to phase out education property taxes in the same period. The 2002 Manitoba municipal elections were held on October 23 2002 to elect mayors councillors and school trustees in various communities throughout Manitoba, Canada ^[129]

In 2006, the Doer government introduced a proposal for Manitoba university graduates to receive a tuition rebate of up to 60% if they chose to stay and work in the province after graduation. ^[130]

Agriculture

Shortly after being sworn in as premier, Doer led an all-party delegation to Ottawa to seek a $1. Ottawa (ˈɒtəwə or sometimes /ˈɒtəwɑː/ is the Capital of Canada and the country's fourth largest municipality. 3 billion financial bailout for western farmers, to help mitigate an economic downturn in the sector. He was joined by Saskatchewan Premier Roy Romanow, Progressive Conservative MLA Larry Maguire, and Manitoba Liberal leader Jon Gerrard. Saskatchewan (səˈskætʃəwən) is a prairie province in Canada, which has an area of 588276 The Premier of Saskatchewan is the First minister for the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. Roy John Romanow PC OC QC SOM (born August 12, 1939 in Saskatoon Saskatchewan) is a Canadian Larry Maguire (born June 1, 1949) is a politician and activist farmer in Manitoba, Canada. Jon Gerrard PC, MLA, BA, PhD, MD (born October 13, 1947) is a politician and medical doctor in Manitoba ^[131] The federal government introduced $170 million in funding shortly thereafter, a figure that Doer and Romanow described as "heartless". ^[132] In February 2000, Romanow and Doer stood with Chrétien to announce their support for a compromise bailout of $400 million. ^[133]

Shortly after his re-election in 2003, Doer criticized the federal government for failing to respond to an agriculture crisis caused by the discovery of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy in a Canadian cow and by the subsequent closure of the American border to beef products produced in Canada. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy ( BSE) commonly known as Mad-Cow Disease ( MCD) is a fatal Neurodegenerative disease in Cattle ^[134] The federal and provincial governments subsequently agreed on a $50 million bailout to the industry. ^[135] The border was reopened to live cattle in December 2004. ^[136]

Doer strongly supports the Canadian Wheat Board's policy of single-desk marketing, and has opposed efforts by some on the political right to weaken its status. The Canadian Wheat Board (known at times as the Canada Wheat Board or by the acronym CWB) was established by the Parliament of Canada in 1935 as a producer ^[137] In late 2006, Doer accused federal Agriculture Minister Chuck Strahl of interfering in the Wheat Board's elections. The Minister of Agriculture (Ministre de l’Agriculture is a Minister of the Crown in the Cabinet of Canada, who is responsible for overseeing several organizations Charles Strahl, PC, MP (born February 25, 1957 in New Westminster, British Columbia) is a politician in British ^[138]

The Doer government has rejected a return to single-desk hog marketing, which was eliminated during the years of the Filmon government. ^[139] During its second term, the government favoured plans to establish an OlyWest hog processing plant in northeast Winnipeg. This measure was extremely controversial among party members, and area NDP MLAs Daryl Reid and Bidhu Jha indicated their opposition. Daryl Gary Reid (born November 2, 1950) is a Politician in Manitoba, Canada. Bidhu Shekhar Jha is a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He has been a member of the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba since 2003 representing the Winnipeg In response to the criticism, Doer withdrew his support for OlyWest in 2007. ^[140]

Doer is a vocal opponent of the American Country of Origin Labelling initiative, which would require American producers to separate meat from hogs slaughtered in Canada and increase packing and labelling cost. In January 2008, Doer promised to lobby against the initiative. ^[141]

Law enforcement

Doer called for the federal government to strengthen its laws against child pornography in 2002, after the British Columbia Supreme Court ruled that John Robin Sharpe's fictional writings involving children met the legal definition of "artistic merit". Child pornography refers to material depicting Children being in a state of undress engaged in erotic poses or sexual activity The Supreme Court of British Columbia (SCBC is the superior trial court for the Canadian province of British Columbia ^[142] Doer was quoted as saying, "We believe that the rights of children should be superior rights in our country to the rights of perverts". ^[143] The following year, the Manitoba government unveiled a website that included photographs and profiles of high-risk sex offenders. ^[144]

Also in 2002, Doer argued that persons who kill police officers should spend the rest of their natural lives in jail, without access to Canada's so-called "Faint Hope Clause" for early release. ^[145] Three years later, he argued that the provisions of the federal Youth Criminal Justice Act were too lenient. Canada's Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA is a Canadian statute which came into effect on April 1 2003 ^[146] In 2007, Doer led an all-party task force to Ottawa to seek greater federal penalties for gang-related crime, youth offenses and car theft. Ottawa (ˈɒtəwə or sometimes /ˈɒtəwɑː/ is the Capital of Canada and the country's fourth largest municipality. ^[147]

In 2004, the Doer government increased funding for the hiring of police officers and Crown prosecutors. ^[148] Following increased urban violence in 2005, the province announced funding for 54 more officers. ^[149]

Doer announced the creation of an all-party task force on security following the attacks of September 11, 2001. Events 9 - The Battle of the Teutoburg Forest ends 506 - The Bishops of Visigothic Gaul Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. ^[150] The following month, he announced that he would work with the Governors of Minnesota and North Dakota for a co-ordinated security strategy. Minnesota ( Native Americans demonstrated the name to early settlers North Dakota ( is a state located in the Midwestern and Western regions of the United States of America. ^[151]

Environment

Doer has been a strong and consistent supporter of the Kyoto Accord on climate change. The Kyoto Protocol is a protocol to the international Framework Convention on Climate Change with the objective of reducing Greenhouse gases in an effort ^[152] In February 2004, his government signed an agreement with the Chicago Climate Exchange pledging Manitoba to create a trust fund to pay for projects that reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Chicago Climate Exchange (CCX is North America ’s only voluntary legally binding Greenhouse gas (GHG reduction and trading system for emission sources ^[153] In late 2005, the American magazine Business Week listed Doer as one of the top twenty international leaders fighting climate change. BusinessWeek is a business Magazine published by McGraw-Hill. ^[154][155] In 2007, he announced that Manitoba would pursue a plan with other provinces and states to push greenhouse gas emissions to 15% below 2005 levels by 2020. Provincial officials indicated that Manitoba would also strive to meet its Kyoto commitments on its own. ^[156] Later in the same year, Manitoba signed on to a European-designed carbon credit training plan. ^[157]

Doer announced that Manitoba would increase ethanol production in 2002, and held consultations on a plan requiring Manitoba drivers to use ethanol-blended gasoline. ^[158] In October 2002, the government instructed its provincial fleet drivers to switch to ethanol fuels. ^[159] These plans stalled due to limited production, but picked up again when a new facility was constructed in late 2005. ^[160]

In March 2004, the government introduced enabling legislation on water protection, allowing for the introduction of specific regulations on water protection zones, water quality standards, and related matters. ^[161]

Doer signed the Midwestern Regional Greenhouse Gas Reduction Accord with seven American governors in November 2007. ^[162] The following month, he announced that Manitoba would introduce vehicle emission standards similar to those in California. California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. ^[163] In late January 2008, Doer agreed to a blueprint proposal for a market-based trading system to cut greenhouse gas emissions with the premiers of British Columbia, Ontario and Quebec. British Columbia (ˌbrɪtɨʃ kəˈlʌmbiə ( BC) ( (la Colombie-Britannique C Ontario (ɒnˈtɛrioʊ is a province located in the central part of Canada, the largest by population and second largest after Quebec Quebec (kwɨˈbɛk ^[164]

Aboriginal issues

In November 1999, Doer appointed a two-person panel to advise his government on implementing the findings of the Aboriginal Justice Inquiry, which had been published eight years earlier. ^[165] In April 2000, Manitoba took steps to provide indigenous Manitobans with their own child and family-service agencies. ^[166]

Following consultations with the Assembly of Manitoba Chiefs in 1999, Doer's government established a selection committee to oversee proposals to set up casinos in Manitoba first nations. The Assembly of Manitoba Chiefs is an organization of First Nations leaders in Manitoba, Canada. A casino is in the modern sense of the word a facility that houses and accommodates certain types of Gambling activities ^[167] The process subsequently became stalled, and only one of the casinos was up and running by 2003. Doer's government appointed a two-person panel to review the situation and recommend a change in strategy;^[168] the panel argued that the province should consider creating one large casino, instead of several small on-reserve casinos. ^[169] A second casino was opened in 2005, while the larger issue remains unresolved as of 2007. ^[170]

Doer convened a provincial summit on aboriginal commerce in November 2004. ^[171] He indicated that the summit was intended to showcase successful businesses, and to forge greater links between the aboriginal and non-aboriginal communities. ^[172]

Doer is a strong supporter of the Kelowna Accord signed in late 2005 by the federal government of Paul Martin, provincial premiers and aboriginal leaders. The Kelowna Accord is a series of agreements between the Government of Canada First Ministers of the Provinces Territorial Leaders and the leaders of five national aboriginal organizations Paul Edgar Philippe Martin. PC, MP (also known as Paul Martin Jr ^[173] The Martin government was defeated in the 2006 federal election, and was replaced by the government of Stephen Harper. The 2006 Canadian federal election (more formally the 39th General Election) was held on January 23 2006 to elect members of the Canadian House of Commons of the WikipediaManual of Style (biographies#Honorific prefixes --> Stephen Joseph Harper PC Doer subsequently criticized the Harper government's failure to implement the accord. ^[174]

Energy

Doer has often referred to hydroelectric power as playing a major role in Manitoba's long-term economic strategy. ^[175] Among other things, he has advocated a national east-west power grid to export Manitoba's plentiful hydroelectric power to Ontario and other provinces in Western Canada. Ontario (ɒnˈtɛrioʊ is a province located in the central part of Canada, the largest by population and second largest after Quebec Western Canada, commonly referred to as the West, is a region of Canada normally including all parts of Canada west of the province ^[176]

Doer announced Manitoba's first wind farm project in November 2004, near the community of St. Leon. A wind farm is a group of Wind turbines in the same location used for production of electric power St Leon is a community in Manitoba, Canada. It is located to the southwest of Winnipeg, near the American border This was a private-public partnership arranged between Manitoba Hydro and AirSource Power Fund. ^[177] It officially started in April 2005. ^[178]

In September 2007, Manitoba Hydro indicated that it would construct a new transmission line connecting north and south Manitoba on the west side of Lake Winnipeg. Founded in 1961 Manitoba Hydro is the electric power and natural gas utility in the province of Manitoba. Lake Winnipeg is a very large ( Lake in central North America, in the province of Manitoba, Canada, about north of the city Hydro's initial plan had been to construct the line on the east side, but Doer's government rejected this approach, saying that it would damage pristine boreal forest territories. Taiga (ˈtaɪgə from Turkic or Mongolian) is a Biome characterized by Coniferous forests Some local aboriginal leaders also opposed construction on the east side. The Progressive Conservative Party has strongly criticized Doer's decision. ^[179]

Labour issues

The Doer government introduced a number of labour reforms early in its first mandate, making it easier for unions to obtain certification and giving employees increased powers to move disputes to binding arbitration. Business leaders opposed the changes, though Doer argued that the bill was far less contentious than opponents made it out to be. ^[180] In 2004, Doer rejected a call by party members to introduce legislation that would ban replacement workers in labour disputes. ^[181]

Doer's government increased Manitoba's minimum wage from $6. 00 to $6. 25 in November 2000, and brought in subsequent increases of 25 cents on an annual basis. ^[182] By April 2005, the minimum wage had been increased to $7. 25. Some argued that this was still short of a living wage. ^[183] The minimum wage is slated to be increased to $8. 50 in 2008. ^[184] In 2005, the Doer government introduced a bill to expand provincial workers' compensation coverage. ^[185]

In late 2007, the Doer government announced that temporary foreign workers and modeling agencies would be covered under the Employment Standards Act, to prevent worker exploitation. ^[186]

Science and infrastructure

In October 2002, Doer's government introduced a biotechnology training strategy to address a skilled-worker shortage in the industry. ^[187]

In early 2003, Doer signed a $160 million deal with the federal government for expansion work on the Red River Floodway. The Red River Floodway is an artificial Flood control waterway in Western Canada, first used in 1969 The floodway expansion was described as the largest infrastructure project in Manitoba history,^[188] and was started in late 2005. ^[189]

Doer indicated in late 2007 that he would like to see negotiations begin on a new football stadium for Winnipeg, as proposed by Winnipeg media mogul David Asper. Football is the word given to a number of similar Team sports all of which involve (to varying degrees kicking a Ball with the foot in an attempt to score a David Asper was born in 1958 in Winnipeg, Manitoba. David Asper is a Canadian Businessman and Lawyer. ^[190]

Crocus Investment Fund

In early 2005, the labour-managed Crocus Investment Fund stopped trading and entered into financial protection. The Crocus Investment Fund is a Labour Sponsored Venture Capital Corporation in Manitoba, Canada. The Doer government was subsequently accused of having ignored signs of trouble at the fund, and of failing to protect the interests of investors. ^[191] The opposition Progressive Conservatives argued that the government had deliberately ignored warnings of financial impropriety, partly because of ideological links between the New Democratic Party and the labour movement. Doer rejected this charge, and observed that the fund had been established by the Filmon government in conjunction with labour leaders. ^[192] He also rejected calls from the opposition for a formal inquiry,^[193] and insisted that the province did nothing wrong in the matter. ^[194]

Federal-provincial relations

Doer supported the Chrétien government's Clarity Act legislation, which mandated that any negotiations on provincial secession be preceded by a referendum with a clearly-defined question. The Clarity Act (known as Bill C-20 before it became law is legislation of Canada 's federal parliament that established the conditions under which the A referendum (plural referendums or referenda) ballot question, or plebiscite (from Latin plebiscita The act was opposed by Quebec nationalists, who regarded it as an infringement on national sovereignty. Quebec nationalism is a contemporary nationalist movement in Canada similar to what is found in other multi-ethnic and multi-lingual regions of the world In 2004, Doer criticized new Prime Minister Paul Martin for seeming to undermine the principles of the bill. Paul Edgar Philippe Martin. PC, MP (also known as Paul Martin Jr ^[195] He also criticized Martin's promise to remove the "Notwithstanding Clause" from the Constitution of Canada in the 2006 federal election. Section Thirty-three of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is part of the Constitution of Canada. The Constitution of Canada is the supreme law in Canada; the country's Constitution is an amalgamation of codified acts and uncodified traditions The 2006 Canadian federal election (more formally the 39th General Election) was held on January 23 2006 to elect members of the Canadian House of Commons of the ^[196] Doer later criticized Martin's successor, Stephen Harper, for recognizing the Québécois as a nation within Canada in late 2006. WikipediaManual of Style (biographies#Honorific prefixes --> Stephen Joseph Harper PC A Québécois or Quebecois (pronounced) or in the feminine Québécoise (pronounced) (plural Québécoises) is a native or resident of the He was quoted as saying, "[t]o me, Canada is one nation, one country. I understand Quebec is unique in terms of language, culture and law, but Canada is one country. "^[197]

According to journalist Chantal Hébert, Doer played a vital role in convincing other provincial leaders to support Quebec Premier Jean Charest's proposal for a Council of the Federation in 2003. Chantal Hébert (born c 1955 is a Canadian Columnist and political commentator. The Premier of Quebec (in French Premier ministre du Québec, sometimes literally translated as Prime Minister of Quebec) is the First minister for the John James Charest PC MNA (known as Jean Charest) ʒɑ̃ ʃɑʀe (born June 24, 1958) is a Canadian The Council of the Federation is a council in Canada made up of the premiers of Canada's thirteen provinces and territories. ^[198] In 2005, Doer and New Brunswick Premier Bernard Lord opposed what they described as the federal government's unilateral funding deals with individual provinces, and called for a "pan-Canadian approach" in its place. The Premier of New Brunswick (fr Premier ministre du Nouveau-Brunswick) is the First minister for the Canadian province of New Brunswick Bernard Lord, ONB (born September 27, 1965 in Roberval Quebec) is a Canadian politician ^[199]

In early 2007, Doer said that Manitoba would not enter a free trade deal signed between Alberta and British Columbia. Alberta (ælˈbɝtə is one of Canada's prairie provinces. It became a province on September 1 1905 British Columbia (ˌbrɪtɨʃ kəˈlʌmbiə ( BC) ( (la Colombie-Britannique C He instead called for a national trade accord. ^[200] He refused to sign the federal government's Building Canada Fund in late 2007, arguing that its provisions for floodway expansion were unfair. ^[201]

Doer opposed the Chrétien government's decision to implement a federal gun registry. The Canadian gun registry is a government-run registry of all legally-owned Guns in Canada. In 2000, his government joined with other provinces to raise a constitutional challenge against the law. ^[202]

International relations

Since his first election in 1999, Doer has been a leading opponent of a water diversion in Devils Lake, North Dakota that many regard as posing a serious environmental threat to Manitoba. Devils Lake is a city in Ramsey County, North Dakota in the United States. North Dakota ( is a state located in the Midwestern and Western regions of the United States of America. ^[203] In 2005, the Canadian and American governments reached a non-binding compromise deal on the project that committed both sides to design an advanced filter to prevent environmental disruption. ^[204] Doer initially described this agreement as a significant improvement over prior arrangements,^[205] but later criticized the North Dakota government for starting the water diversion before the deal was finalized. ^[206] Doer raised the matter with American officials during an official visit in January 2008. ^[207]

Doer has led several international trade delegations from Manitoba, including visits to Russia, Germany, Israel, India and The Philippines. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP ^[208] He also made an historic visit to Iceland in August 2001; Manitoba has a large Icelandic population, and Doer was the first Manitoba Premier to make an official visit to the country. Iceland, officially the Republic of Iceland ( ( Ísland or Lýðveldið Ísland ( ^[209] Halldor Asgrimsson, the Prime Minister of Iceland, made a follow-up visit to Manitoba in July 2005. Halldór Ásgrímsson (ˈhaltour ˈauːskrimˌsɔn (born September 8, 1947) was Prime Minister of Iceland from 2004 to 2006 and leader of the The Prime Minister of Iceland (Forsætisráðherra Íslands is Iceland 's Head of government. ^[210]

Doer signed an agreement with the American state of Georgia in 2004, for increased co-operation between the U.S. Centers for Disease Control in Atlanta and the National Virology Lab in Winnipeg. The State of Georgia ( is a state in the United States and was one of the original Thirteen Colonies that revolted against British rule The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (or CDC) is an agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services based in unincorporated ^[211] In the same year, he signed a memorandum of understanding with Minnesota Governor Tim Pawlenty to create a "biomedical corridor" for the promotion of research, capital investment and technology development. The Governor of Minnesota is the chief executive of the US state of Minnesota, leading the state's Executive branch. Timothy James Pawlenty (born November 27 1960 is the 39th and current Governor of Minnesota and a member of the Republican Party. ^[212] In early 2005, Doer and New Brunswick Premier Bernard Lord traveled on a trade mission to Texas in what was described as an effort to improve relations between Canada and the United States. The Premier of New Brunswick (fr Premier ministre du Nouveau-Brunswick) is the First minister for the Canadian province of New Brunswick Bernard Lord, ONB (born September 27, 1965 in Roberval Quebec) is a Canadian politician Texas ( is a state geographically located in the South Central United States and is also known as the Lone Star State. ^[213] Later in the year, Doer and Jean Charest traveled on a trade mission to Mexico. John James Charest PC MNA (known as Jean Charest) ʒɑ̃ ʃɑʀe (born June 24, 1958) is a Canadian The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. ^[214] In 2006, he appeared at a prominent climate change event with California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger. The Governor of California is the highest executive authority in the state government whose responsibilities include making annual "State of the State" addresses Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger ( German ˌaɐnɔlt aloʏs ˈʃvaɐtsənɛɡɐ born July 30 1947 is an Austrian American Bodybuilder, Actor ^[215]

Doer has supported Canada's military mission in Afghanistan, despite growing skepticism about the purpose of the mission from the federal NDP. Afghanistan /æfˈgænɪstæn/ officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan ( Pashto: د افغانستان اسلامي جمهوریت, ^[216] He called for Canada to ban donations to Hezbollah's charity wing in 2002,^[217] and endorsed Jean Chrétien government's decision to remain out of the U.S.-led invasion of Iraq in 2003. Hezbollah (حزب الله, literally " party of God " is a Shi'a Islamic political and Paramilitary organisation The United States of America —commonly referred to as the For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iraq topics. ^[218]

In 2005, Doer spoke against the American government's plans to require passports at Canadian border crossings. A passport is a document issued by a national government which certifies for the purpose of international travel the identity and nationality of its holder He argued that the expense of travel would create a "financial Berlin Wall" for some families. The Berlin Wall (Berliner Mauer was a physical barrier separating West Berlin from the German Democratic Republic (GDR ( East Germany) including He instead proposed a security protocol centred around drivers' licenses. ^[219] In 2007, North Dakota Governor John Hoeven announced that he was working with Doer to find an alternative approach. North Dakota ( is a state located in the Midwestern and Western regions of the United States of America. The Governor of North Dakota is the chief executive of the US John Henry Hoeven III (born March 13, 1957) is the current Governor of North Dakota and a member of the North Dakota Republican Party. ^[220]

Legislative reform

Doer's government changed the rules of the legislature in 1999, to allow the Speaker of the Assembly to be elected by a secret ballot vote of all members. The Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba is the presiding officer of the provincial legislature Speakers had previously been appointed by the premier. ^[221]

The government announced election spending reforms in June 2000, which were highlighted by a ban on political donations by private corporations and organized labour. ^[222] This measure was opposed by the opposition Progressive Conservatives, and by the right-wing Canadian Taxpayers Federation. The Canadian Taxpayers Federation or CTF, is a Canadian Non-governmental organization that critiques and monitors spending by the federal provincial ^[223] The reforms came into effect in 2001,^[224] and were extended to party leadership contests in June 2002. ^[225] Further restrictions were added in 2006. ^[226]

In April 2006, the Doer government introduced legislation to prevent MLAs from crossing the floor from one party to another. In Politics, crossing the floor is to vote against party lines especially where this is considered unusual or controversial Under the terms of this legislation, MLAs who choose to leave their political party are required to sit as independents until the next election, or resign and seek re-election for another party. ^[227]

Popularity

Doer's government enjoyed an extended honeymoon with voters after the 1999 election. The NDP consistently led all other parties in public opinion polls from 1999 until 2005, often by wide margins. ^[228] The party's popularity dipped in late 2005, damaged somewhat by questions resulting from the failure of the Crocus Investment Fund. Polls taken in December 2005 and March 2006 showed the NDP and Progressive Conservatives tied for support. ^[229] In July 2006, the PCs pulled ahead of the NDP for the first time in seven years. ^[230] Nevertheless, the NDP recovered to win a convincing majority in the 2007 election.

Doer was rated as Canada's most popular premier in polls taken in 2003, 2004, 2005 and 2006, scoring a 77% rating in March 2006. ^[231] His approval rating was listed at 71% in polls taken in January and April 2007. ^[232]

Federal politics

Doer supported a bid to draft former Manitoba Premier Edward Schreyer as a candidate in the federal New Democratic Party's 1989 leadership convention. Edward Richard Schreyer PC CC CMM OM CD (born December 21, 1935) is a Canadian Principles policies and electoral achievement The NDP grew from populist, agrarian and democratic socialist roots ^[233] When Schreyer declined to run, Doer unsuccessfully tried to convince Stephen Lewis and then Bob Rae to enter the contest. This article is about the Canadian politician and broadcaster Robert Keith "Bob" Rae PC OC QC OOnt MP (born August 2, 1948) is a Canadian ^[234] He eventually supported Audrey McLaughlin, who was elected as leader on the fourth ballot. Audrey McLaughlin PC, OC (born November 7 1936) was leader of Canada 's New Democratic Party from 1989 to 1995 ^[235]

There was speculation that Doer would seek the federal NDP leadership in 1995, after McLaughlin announced her resignation. ^[236] He declined, and instead gave his support to longtime friend Alexa McDonough, whom he nominated at the leadership convention. Alexa Ann McDonough, née Shaw, MP (born August 11, 1944) is a Canadian politician who led the New Democratic Party of Nova Scotia ^[237] McDonough was chosen as party leader following the first ballot.

Doer opposed the New Politics Initiative in 2001. ^[238] In 2002, he supported the leadership campaign of Bill Blaikie, whose federal Winnipeg—Transcona riding overlapped with his own provincial division. William Alexander "Bill" Blaikie, PC (born June 19, 1951) is the current Deputy Speaker of the Canadian House of Commons. Winnipeg—Transcona (formerly known as Winnipeg Transcona) was a federal electoral district in Manitoba, Canada, that was represented in the ^[239] Blaikie finished second against Jack Layton. John Gilbert "Jack" Layton PC MP (born July 18, 1950) is a social democratic Canadian Politician

Doer has disagreed with the federal NDP on some issues. He defended CanWest Global's takeover of a part of Conrad Black's newspaper empire in 2000, even though the arrangement had been criticized by the federal NDP. Canwest Global Communications Corp () operating under the corporate brand Canwest, is one of Canada 's largest International media companies Conrad Moffat Black Baron Black of Crossharbour PC, KCSG, OC, (born 25 August 1944, in Montreal, Quebec) is ^[240] He later called for Svend Robinson to be demoted as Foreign Affairs Critic in 2002, after Robinson announced his support for the Palestinians in their conflict with Israel (official NDP policy was that both sides should seek a peace agreement). Svend Robinson (born March 4, 1952) is a Canadian politician Canada's first openly Homosexual elected official and a prominent activist Palestinian people or Palestinians ( الشعب الفلسطيني, ash-sha`b al-filasTīni; الفلسطينيون, al-filasTīnīyyūn For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. Doer was quoted as saying, "Either he represents the party as a foreign affairs critic or he's removed as foreign affairs critic. And I believe he should be removed". ^[241] He later expressed disappointment that Robinson was allowed to keep his critic's role, albeit with a ban against speaking on Middle East issues. ^[242]

Doer published a ten-point proposal for the future of the federal NDP in June 2002, calling for a focus on health and education as well as fiscal balance, community safety and election finance reform. ^[243]

Ideology

Doer is on the centrist wing of the New Democratic Party. ^[244] He once described his political ideology as follows:

I don't believe in nationalizing everything in our society, as in socialist theory. Socialism refers to a broad set of economic theories of social organization advocating state or collective ownership and administration of the Means of production and distribution Anybody who calls himself a socialist has to believe in nationalizing almost everything. I see myself as a social democrat - mixed economy, strong role of the public sector. Social democracy is a Political ideology of the left and centre-left ^[245]

Doer endorsed Tony Blair's leadership of the British Labour Party in 1997,^[246] and his own 1999 election platform was frequently compared with Blair's "Third Way" of social democracy. Anthony Charles Lynton "Tony" Blair (born 6 May 1953 is a British Politician who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 2 May 1997 to See also Kingdom of Great Britain Great Britain (Breatainn Mhòr Prydain Fawr Breten Veur Graet Breetain is the larger of the two main islands The Labour Party is a Political party in the United Kingdom. Founded at the start of the 20th century it has been since the 1920s the principal party of the The Third Way is a term that has been used to describe a variety of political philosophies of governance that embracing a mix of market and interventionist philosophies ^[247] Doer has also been compared with former Premier of Saskatchewan Roy Romanow, who also governed from the centrist wing of the party. The Premier of Saskatchewan is the First minister for the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. Roy John Romanow PC OC QC SOM (born August 12, 1939 in Saskatoon Saskatchewan) is a Canadian Former NDP MLA Cy Gonick released a critical essay about Doer in 2007, describing him as a "small-l liberal" without "a socialist bone in his body". Cy Gonick (born April 8, 1936) is a former Politician in Manitoba, Canada. ^[248]

External links

• Premier's Biography

Table of offices held

Provincial Government of Gary Doer
Cabinet Posts (2)
Predecessor	Office	Successor
Gary Filmon	Premier and President of the Executive Council (1999-)	incumbent
Gary Filmon	Minister of Federal/Provincial Relations (1999-)	incumbent

Provincial Government of Howard Pawley
Cabinet Posts (2)
Predecessor	Office	Successor
Vic Schroeder	Minister of Crown Investments (1987-1988)	position eliminated in 1988
Laurent Desjardins	Minister of Urban Affairs (1986-1988)	Gerald Ducharme
Special Cabinet Responsibilities
Predecessor	Title	Successor
Roland Penner	Minister responsible for the Liquor Control Act (1987—1988)	James McCrae
position created in 1987	Minister responsible for the Accountability of Crown Corporations (1987—1988)	Clayton Manness (*)
Al Mackling	Minister responsible for the Manitoba Telephone System (1986—1988)	Glen Findlay

Preceded by Peter Fox	Member of the Legislative Assembly for Concordia 1986-	Succeeded by incumbent
Preceded by Bill Jackson	President of the Manitoba Government Employees' Association 1979-1986	Succeeded by Peter Olfert

(*) Clayton Manness was styled as Minister charged with the administration of The Crown Corporations Public Review and Accountability Act. Gary Albert Filmon, PC (born August 24, 1942) is a Manitoba politician The Premier of Manitoba is the First minister for the Canadian province of Manitoba. Gary Albert Filmon, PC (born August 24, 1942) is a Manitoba politician The Minister of Federal/Provincial Relations is a Cabinet minister in the province of Manitoba, Canada. Howard Russell Pawley PC, OC, OM (born November 21, 1934) is a Canadian politician and professor who was Premier Victor Harold Schroeder (born February 16, 1944 to a Mennonite family in Altona, Manitoba) is a Politician The Minister of Crown Investments is a former cabinet position in Manitoba, Canada. Laurent Desjardins (born March 15, 1923 in St Boniface, Manitoba) is a politician in Manitoba, Canada. The Minister of Urban Affairs is a former cabinet position in Manitoba, Canada. Gerald Ducharme (born March 21, 1939 in Winnipeg, Manitoba) is a Politician in Manitoba Canada. Roland Penner (born July 30, 1924) was Dean of Law at the University of Manitoba and a former politician and Manitoba Cabinet The Minister charged with the administration of the Liquor Control Act is a government position in the province of Manitoba, Canada. James Collus McCrae (born September 19, 1948) is a Politician in Manitoba, Canada. The Minister charged with the administration of The Crown Corporations Public Review and Accountability Act is a government position in the province of Manitoba, Canada Clayton Manness (born January 23, 1947) is a Manitoba politician Alvin Mackling (born December 31, 1927 in Winnipeg, Manitoba) is a Politician in Manitoba Canada. The Minister responsible for the Manitoba Telephone System is a former government position in Manitoba, Canada. Glen Marshall Findlay (born July 15, 1940) is a Politician in Manitoba, Canada. Peter Fox may refer to Pete Fox, baseballer Peter Fox (footballer Peter Fox (politician A Member of the Legislative Assembly, or MLA, is a representative elected by the voters of an Electoral district to the Legislature or Legislative Concordia is a provincial electoral division in the Canadian province of Manitoba. Year 1986 ( MCMLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar) William Jackson is a Canadian administrator He has served in a variety of capacities over the course of his career The Manitoba Government and General Employees’ Union (MGEU is a Trade union in Manitoba, Canada. Year 1979 ( MCMLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1979 Gregorian calendar) Year 1986 ( MCMLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar) Peter Olfert is a labour leader in Manitoba, Canada. He has been president of the Manitoba Government and General Employees’ Union (formerly the Manitoba

Electoral record

2007 Manitoba provincial election : Concordia edit
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	+/-	Expenditures
	New Democratic Party	(x)Gary Doer	3,862	69. The Manitoba general election held on May 22 2007 was held to elect Members of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Manitoba Concordia is a provincial electoral division in the Canadian province of Manitoba. The New Democratic Party of Manitoba is a social democratic political party in Manitoba, Canada. 05	-7. 62	$14,144. 95
	Progressive Conservative	Ken Waddell	1,209	21. The Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba is a right-of-centre Political party in Manitoba, Canada. Ken Waddell (born March 29, 1948) is a Politician in Manitoba, Canada. 62	+5. 51	$15,745. 09
	Liberal	Leslie Worthington	336	6. The Manitoba Liberal Party is a political party in Manitoba, Canada. The Manitoba Liberal Party fielded a full slate of 57 candidates in the 2007 provincial election, and won two seats to remain as the third-largest party 01	-1. 21	$340. 30
	Green	Andrew Basham	186	3. The Green Party of Manitoba is a provincial political party in Manitoba, Canada, founded on November 11, 1998. Andrew Basham (born August 18, 1983 in Winnipeg) is an activist and politician in Manitoba, Canada. 33		$216. 88
Total valid votes			5,593	100. 00
Rejected and declined votes			28
Turnout			5,621	47. 42	+0. 92
Electors on the lists			11,853

2003 Manitoba provincial election : Concordia edit
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	+/-	Expenditures
	New Democratic Party	(x)Gary Doer	4,450	76. The Manitoba general election held on June 3, 2003 was held to elect Members of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Manitoba, Concordia is a provincial electoral division in the Canadian province of Manitoba. The New Democratic Party of Manitoba is a social democratic political party in Manitoba, Canada. 67	+6. 58	$20,354. 04
	Progressive Conservative	Conor Lloyd	935	16. The Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba is a right-of-centre Political party in Manitoba, Canada. The Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba fielded a full slate of 57 candidates in the 2003 provincial election, and won 20 seats to remain as the 11	-7. 26	$0. 00
	Liberal	Tanya Parks	419	7. The Manitoba Liberal Party is a political party in Manitoba, Canada. The Liberal Party of Canada ran a full slate of 308 candidates in the 2006 federal election, and won 103 seats to form the Official Opposition 22	+1. 75	$1,033. 77
Total valid votes			5,804	100. 00
Rejected and declined votes			38
Turnout			5,842	46. 50	-17. 76
Electors on the lists			12,564

1999 Manitoba provincial election : Concordia edit
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	+/-	Expenditures
	New Democratic Party	(x)Gary Doer	5,691	70. The Manitoba general election of September 21, 1999 was held to elect Members of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Manitoba, Concordia is a provincial electoral division in the Canadian province of Manitoba. The New Democratic Party of Manitoba is a social democratic political party in Manitoba, Canada. 09		$13,477. 00
	Progressive Conservative	Paul Murphy	1,898	23. The Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba is a right-of-centre Political party in Manitoba, Canada. The Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba fielded a full slate of candidates in the 1999 provincial election, and won 24 out of 57 seats to became 37		$21,285. 31
	Liberal	Chris Hlady	444	5. The Manitoba Liberal Party is a political party in Manitoba, Canada. The Manitoba Liberal Party elected one member to the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba in the 1999 provincial election. 47		$193. 61
	Green	C. David Nickarz	87	1. The Green Party of Manitoba is a provincial political party in Manitoba, Canada, founded on November 11, 1998. The Green Party of Canada ran a full slate of 308 candidates in the 2004 federal election. 07		$25. 00
Total valid votes			8,120	100. 00
Rejected and declined votes			48
Turnout			8,168	64. 26
Electors on the lists			12,711

1995 Manitoba provincial election : Concordia edit
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	+/-	Expenditures
	New Democratic Party	(x)Gary Doer	4,827	63. The Manitoba general election of 1995 was held to elect Members of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Manitoba, Canada. Concordia is a provincial electoral division in the Canadian province of Manitoba. The New Democratic Party of Manitoba is a social democratic political party in Manitoba, Canada. 58	+5. 41	$17,879. 00
	Progressive Conservative	Paul Murphy	1,845	24. The Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba is a right-of-centre Political party in Manitoba, Canada. The Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba fielded a full slate of candidates in the 1999 provincial election, and won 24 out of 57 seats to became 30	-0. 26	$13,105. 33
	Liberal	Bret Dobbin	816	10. The Manitoba Liberal Party is a political party in Manitoba, Canada. The Liberal Party of Canada ran a full slate of candidates in the 2000 federal election, and won a Majority government by winning 172 out of 75	-2. 68	$11,467. 33
	Libertarian	Guy Beaudry	104	1. The Freedom Party of Manitoba is a provincial political party in Manitoba, Canada. The Libertarian Party of Manitoba fielded six candidates in the 1995 provincial election, none of whom were elected 37	-0. 34	$477. 96
Total valid votes			7,592	100. 00
Rejected and declined votes			30
Turnout			7,622	66. 82	-1. 56
Electors on the lists			11,406

1990 Manitoba provincial election : Concordia edit
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	+/-
	New Democratic Party	(x)Gary Doer	4,588	58. The Manitoba general election of September 11, 1990 was held to elect Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs of the Province of Manitoba, Concordia is a provincial electoral division in the Canadian province of Manitoba. The New Democratic Party of Manitoba is a social democratic political party in Manitoba, Canada. 17
	Progressive Conservative	Vic Rubiletz	1,937	24. The Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba is a right-of-centre Political party in Manitoba, Canada. The Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba won a majority government in the 1990 provincial election. 56
	Liberal	Gunter Grosskamper	1,059	13. The Manitoba Liberal Party is a political party in Manitoba, Canada. The Manitoba Liberal Party won seven out of 57 seats in the 1990 provincial election, making the party the third-largest in the legislature 43
	Western Independence	Fred Cameron	168	2. The Western Independence Party of Manitoba was a political party in the Province of Manitoba, Canada. Fred Cameron (born in 1919 or 1920 is a Politician in the Canadian province of Manitoba. 13
	Libertarian	Guy Beaudry	135	1. The Freedom Party of Manitoba is a provincial political party in Manitoba, Canada. The Libertarian Party of Manitoba fielded six candidates in the 1995 provincial election, none of whom were elected 71
Total valid votes			7,887	100. 00
Rejected votes			12
Turnout			7,899	68. 38
Electors on the lists			11,551

1988 Manitoba provincial election : Concordia edit
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	+/-
	New Democratic Party	(x)Gary Doer	3,702	37. The Manitoba general election of April 26 1988 was held to elect Members of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Manitoba, Canada. Concordia is a provincial electoral division in the Canadian province of Manitoba. The New Democratic Party of Manitoba is a social democratic political party in Manitoba, Canada. 71	-16. 66
	Liberal	Barbara Blomeley	2,948	30. The Manitoba Liberal Party is a political party in Manitoba, Canada. The Manitoba Liberal Party ran a full slate of 57 candidates in the 1988 provincial election, and elected twenty Members of the Legislative Assembly 03	+19. 11
	Progressive Conservative	Vic Rubiletz	2,634	26. The Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba is a right-of-centre Political party in Manitoba, Canada. The Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba won a majority government in the 1990 provincial election. 83	-5. 42
	Independent	Bill Seman	358	3. There were eleven independent candidates in the 1988 Manitoba provincial election, none of whom were elected 65
	Western Independence	Fred Cameron	114	1. The Western Independence Party of Manitoba was a political party in the Province of Manitoba, Canada. Fred Cameron (born in 1919 or 1920 is a Politician in the Canadian province of Manitoba. 16	-1. 29
	Progressive	Charles Henry	61	0. The Progressive Party fielded six candidates in the 1988 provincial election, none of whom were elected 62
Total valid votes			9,817	100. 00
Rejected votes			10
Turnout			9,827	76. 43	-10. 21
Electors on the lists			12,857

1986 Manitoba provincial election : Concordia edit
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	+/-
	New Democratic Party	Gary Doer	4,525	54. The Manitoba general election of March 18 1986 was held to elect Members of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Manitoba, Canada. Concordia is a provincial electoral division in the Canadian province of Manitoba. The New Democratic Party of Manitoba is a social democratic political party in Manitoba, Canada. 37	-6. 54
	Progressive Conservative	Brent Aubertin	2,684	32. The Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba is a right-of-centre Political party in Manitoba, Canada. The Progressive Conservative Party of Manitoba fielded a full slate of 57 candidates in the 1986 provincial election, and won 26 seats to remain as the 25	+2. 71
	Liberal	Gail Stapon	909	10. The Manitoba Liberal Party is a political party in Manitoba, Canada. The Manitoba Liberal Party fielded 57 candidates in the 1986 provincial election, one of whom was elected 92	+7. 39
	Western Canada Concept	Fred Cameron	204	2. The Western Canada Concept was a Canadian political party It was founded in 1980, and promoted the separation from Canada of all provinces and territories west Fred Cameron (born in 1919 or 1920 is a Politician in the Canadian province of Manitoba. 45
Total valid votes			8,322	100. 00
Rejected votes			13
Turnout			8,335	66. 22	-3. 44
Electors on the lists			12,587

All electoral information is taken from Elections Manitoba. Elections Manitoba is the non-partisan agency of the Government of Manitoba, responsible for the conduct of provincial Elections Expenditures refer to candidate election expenses.

Footnotes

---

© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic