García Ramírez, sometimes García IV,V, VI or VII (died 21 November 1150, Lorca), called the Restorer (Spanish: el Restaurador), was Lord of Monzón and Logroño, and, from 1134, King of Navarre. Events 164 BC - Judas Maccabaeus, son of Mattathias of the Hasmonean family restores the Temple in Jerusalem. Lorca is a city in southeast Spain, in the autonomous community of Murcia and 36 miles SW of the city of Murcia. Monzón is a small town in the autonomous community of Aragon, Spain. Logroño is a city in northern Spain, on the Ebro River. It is the capital of the Autonomous community of La Rioja, formerly known as Logroño This is a list of the kings of Pamplona ( Iruña in Basque), later Navarre. He "restored" the independence of the Navarrese crown after 58 years of union with the Kingdom of Aragon. The Kingdom of Aragon was an old kingdom in the Iberian Peninsula, corresponding to the modern-day autonomous community of Aragon (
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Early years
García was born in the early twelfth century, the grandson of Rodrigo Díaz, better known as El Cid. Rodrigo Diaz may refer to Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar, commonly known as El Cid Rodrigo Díaz de los Cameros, troubadour Rodrigo Rodrigo (or Ruy) Díaz de Vivar (c 1040 Vivar, near Burgos &ndash 10 July 1099, Valencia) known as His father was Ramiro Sánchez of Monzón, a son of Sancho Garcés, illegitimate son of García Sánchez III of Navarre and half-brother of Sancho IV. Ramiro Sánchez of Monzón (1070 - 1116 Ramiro was born in the town of Monzón, Spain. García Sánchez III, sometimes García III, IV, V, or VI (also García of Nájera, from García el de Nájera 1016-1054 was Sancho IV Garcés (c 1039 - 4 June, 1076) called of Peñalén or the Noble ( Spanish: El de Peñalén) was His mother was Cristina Rodríguez Díaz de Vivar, the Cid's daughter.
Rise to power
When Aragon, which had from 1076 been united to Navarre, lost its warrior king Alfonso the Battler and fell into a succession crisis in 1134, García managed to wrest Navarre from his Aragonese cousins. Alfonso I (1073/1074 &ndash 8 September 1134) called el Batallador, the Battler or the Warrior, was the king of Aragón He was elected in Pamplona by the bishops and nobles of the realm against the will of Alfonso. For other meanings see Pamplona (disambiguation. Pamplona ( Basque: Iruñea or Iruña) is the capital city of Navarre That Alfonso, in drawing up a will, had ignored his distant relation (of an illegitimate line), is not unsurprising given the circumstances. Alfonso had nearer male kin in the form of his brother Ramiro. Ramiro II ( c.1075&ndash 16 August 1157, Huesca) called the Monk, was King of Aragon from 1134 until 1137 Besides that, since Alfonso seems to have disregarded Ramiro as well, the choice of an illegitimate descendant of Sancho the Great would undoubtedly have aroused the opposition of the Papacy to the succession. Sancho III Garcés (late 10th century &ndash 18 October 1035) called the Great ( Spanish: el Mayor or el Grande) was History See also History of the Papacy Catholics recognize the Pope as a successor to Saint Peter, who Jesus named as the "shepherd" and [1]
Ramiro did succeed Alfonso in Aragon, because the nobles refused to enact the late king's unusual will. His accession did raise protest from Rome and was not uncontested within Aragon, much less in Navarre, where García was the chosen candidate once the testament of Alfonso was laid aside. Rome does not seem to have opposed him, but neither does he seem to have had much support within Aragon, while Ramiro strongly objected to his election in Navarre. In light of this, the Bishop of Pamplona granted García his church's treasure to fund his government against Ramiro's pretensions. [2] Among Garcías other early supporters were Lop Ennechones, Martinus de Leit, and Count Latro, who carried out negotiations on the king's behalf with Ramiro. [3] Eventually, however, the two monarchs reached a mutual accord — the Pact of Vadoluongo — of "adoption" in January 1135: García was deemed the "son" and Ramiro the "father" in an attempt to maintain both the independence of each kingdom and the de facto supremacy of the Aragonese one.
In May 1135, García declared himself a vassal of Alfonso VII. Alfonso VII ( 1 March 1105 &ndash 21 August 1157) called the Emperor, became the King of Galicia in 1111 and King This simultaneously put him under the protection and lordship of Castile and bought recognition of his royal status from Alfonso, who was a claimant to the Battler's succession. [4] García's submission to Castile has been seen as an act of protection for Navarre which had the consequence of putting her in an offensive alliance against Aragon, which thus forced Ramiro to marry, to forge an alliance with Raymond Berengar IV of Barcelona and to produce an heir, now that García, his adoptive son, was out of the question. Ramon Berenguer IV Count of Barcelona also called Ramon the Holy (c [5] On the other hand, García may have been responding to Ramiro's marriage, which proved beyond a doubt that the king of Aragon was seeking another heir than his distant relative and adopted son. [6]
Before September 1135, Alfonso VII granted García Zaragoza as a fief. Zaragoza, also called Saragossa in English, is the capital city of the Zaragoza province and of the autonomous community and former [7] Recently conquered from Aragon, this outpost of Castilian authority in the east was clearly beyond the military capacity of Alfonso to control and provided further reasons for recognition of García in Navarre in return for not only his homage, but his holding Zaragoza on behalf of Castile. In 1136, Alfons was forced to do homage for Zaragoza to Ramiro and to recognise him as King of Zaragoza. In 1137, Zaragoza was surrendered to Raymond Berengar, though Alfonso retained suzerainty over it. By then, García's reign in Zaragoza had closed.
García's heirs
Sometime after 1130, but before his succession, García married Marguerite de l'Aigle. She was to bear him a son and successor, Sancho VI, as well as two daughters who each married kings: the elder, Blanca, born after 1133, married Sancho III of Castile, while the younger, Margaret, named after her mother, married William I of Sicily. Sancho VI Garcés (c 1133 &ndash June 27, 1194) called the Wise ( el Sabio) was the King of Navarre from 1150 until his death in Blanca of Navarre (aft 1133 Pamplona &ndash August 12, 1156) She was the daughter of king García VI of Navarre, "The Restorer" Sancho III of Castile ( 1134 &ndash August 31, 1158) called el Deseado (the Desired due to his birth as first child of his parents not until William I ( 1131 - May 7 1166) called the Bad or the Wicked, was the second King of Sicily, ruling from his father's death García's relationship with his first queen was, however, shaky. She took on many lovers and showed favouritism to her French relatives. She bore a second son named Rodrigo, whom her husband refused to recognise as his own. Henry, born Rodrigo, was the son of Marguerite de l'Aigle the queen of García Ramírez of Navarre, and brother or half-brother of Queen Margaret of Sicily [8] On 24 June 1144, in León, García married Urraca, called "La Asturiana" (the Asturian), illegitimate daughter of Alfonso VII by Guntroda Pérez, to strengthen his relationship with his overlord. Events 972 - Battle of Cedynia, the first documented victory of Polish forces takes place History León was founded in the 1st century BC by the Roman legion Legio VI ''Victrix''.
In 1136, García was obliged to surrender Rioja to Castile but, in 1137, he allied with Alfonso I of Portugal and confronted Alfonso VII. Kingdom of Castile was one of the medieval kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula. Afonso I ( English Alphonzo or Alphonse) more commonly known as Afonso Henriques (ɐˈfõsu ẽˈʁikɨʃ or also Affonso (Archaic They confirmed a peace between 1139 and 1140. He was thereafter an ally of Castile in the Reconquista and was instrumental in the conquest of Almería in 1147. The Reconquista (a Spanish and Portuguese word for "Reconquest" Arabic: الاسترداد, "Recapturing" was a period In 1146, he occupied Tauste, which belonged to Aragon, and Alfonso VII intervened to mediate a peace between the two kingdoms. Tauste is a municipality located in the province of Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain.
By his marriage to Urraca, García had also become a brother-in-law of Raymond Berengar IV, with whom he confirmed a peace treaty in 1149. The count was promised to García's daughter Blanca while already engaged to Petronilla of Aragon, but García died before the marriage could be carried out. Petronila, Petronilla, or Petronella ( Aragonese and Peronella Petronila Ramírez (1135 &ndash October 17 1174, Barcelona
García died on 21 November 1150 in Lorca, near Estella, and was buried in the cathedral of Santa María in Pamplona. Events 164 BC - Judas Maccabaeus, son of Mattathias of the Hasmonean family restores the Temple in Jerusalem. Lorca is a city in southeast Spain, in the autonomous community of Murcia and 36 miles SW of the city of Murcia. He was succeeded by his eldest son. He left one daughter by Urraca: Sancha, who married Gaston V of Béarn. Gaston V (died 1170 before 30 April) was the Viscount of Béarn, Gabardan, and Brulhois from 1153 to his death He left a widow in the person of his third wife, Ganfreda López.
García left, as the primary monument of his reign, the monastery of Sant María de La Oliva in Carcastillo. Carcastillo is a town and Municipality located in the province and autonomous community of Navarre, in the north of Spain. It is a fine example of Romanesque architecture. Regional characteristics of Romanesque architecture|Romanesque art Romanesque architecture is the term that is used to describe the architecture of Middle Ages Europe which
Sources
- Lourie, Elena. "The Will of Alfonso I, 'El Batallador,' King of Aragon and Navarre: A Reassessment." Speculum, Vol. 50, No. 4. (Oct. , 1975), pp 635–651.
- Grassotti, H. "Homenaje de García Ramírez a Alfonso VII. " Principe de Viana. 94–95 (1964).
- Norwich, John Julius. John Julius Cooper 2nd Viscount Norwich CVO (born 15 September 1929) is an English historian travel writer and television personality The Kingdom in the Sun 1130-1194. Longmans: London, 1970.
Notes
| Preceded by Alfonso |
King of Navarre 1134 – 1150 |
Succeeded by Sancho VI |
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