In plants and algae that undergo alternation of generations, a gametophyte is the multicellular structure, or phase, that is haploid, containing a single set of chromosomes:
The gametophyte produces male or female gametes (or both), by a process of cell division called mitosis. Algae ( sing. alga are a large and diverse group of simple typically Autotrophic organisms ranging from Unicellular to Multicellular forms The Alternation of phases (or generations) describes the life cycle of Plants Fungi and Protists A multicellular Diploid phase alternates "Haplo" redirects here For the fictional character see The Death Gate Cycle. A chromosome is an organized structure of DNA and Protein that is found in cells. A gamete (from Ancient Greek γαμέτης; translated gamete = wife gametes = husband is a cell that fuses with another gamete Mitosis is the process in which a Eukaryotic cell separates the Chromosomes in its Cell nucleus, into two identical sets in two daughter nuclei The fusion of male and female gametes produces a diploid zygote which develops by repeated mitotic cell divisions into a multicellular sporophyte. Plant sexuality covers the wide variety of Sexual reproduction systems found across the Plant kingdom "Haplo" redirects here For the fictional character see The Death Gate Cycle. For other meanings see Zygote (disambiguation. A zygote (from Greek ζυγωτός zugōtos "joined" or "yoked" All land plants and some Algae, have life cycles in which a haploid Gametophyte generation alternates with a Diploid sporophyte, the generation of a Because the sporophyte is the product of the fusion of two haploid gametes, its cells are diploid, containing two sets of chromosomes. A gamete (from Ancient Greek γαμέτης; translated gamete = wife gametes = husband is a cell that fuses with another gamete "Haplo" redirects here For the fictional character see The Death Gate Cycle. The mature sporophyte produces spores by a process called meiosis, sometimes referred to as "reduction division" because the chromosome pairs are separated once again to form single sets. In Biology, a spore is a reproductive structure that is adapted for dispersal and surviving for extended periods of time in unfavorable conditions In Biology or life science meiosis (pronounced my-oh-sis is a process of reductional division in which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half In Biology or life science meiosis (pronounced my-oh-sis is a process of reductional division in which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half The spores are therefore once again haploid and develop into a haploid gametophyte.
In mosses, liverworts and hornworts (bryophytes), the gametophyte is the commonly known phase of the plant. The Marchantiophyta are a division of Bryophyte Plants commonly referred to as hepatics or liverworts. This is an article about the non-vascular plants The name Hornwort is also often applied to an aquatic plant Ceratophyllum demersum in the family Ceratophyllaceae Bryophytes are all Embryophytes ('land Plants) that are non-vascular: they have tissues and enclosed reproductive systems but they lack Vascular tissue An early developmental stage in the gametophyte of mosses (immediately following germination of the meiospore) is called the protonema. In Biology, a spore is a reproductive structure that is adapted for dispersal and surviving for extended periods of time in unfavorable conditions A protonema (plural protonemata) is a thread-like chain of cells that forms the earliest stage (the Haploid phase of a Bryophyte
In most other land plants the gametophyte is very small (as in ferns and their relatives) or even reduced as in flowering plants (angiosperms), where the female gametophyte (ovule) is known as a megagametophyte and the male gametophyte (pollen) is called a microgametophyte. The embryophytes are the most familiar group of Plants They include Trees Flowers Ferns Mosses and various other green A fern is any one of a group of about 20000 Species of Plants classified in the phylum or division Pteridophyta, also known as Filicophyta The flowering plants or angiosperms ( Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta) are the most widespread group A gynoecium (from Ancient Greek gyne, "woman" is the Female reproductive part of a Flower. Pollen is a fine to coarse powder consisting of microgametophytes ( pollen grains) which produce the male Gametes (sperm cells of
In some multicellular green algae, red algae, or brown algae (Ulva is one example), the sporophytes and gametophytes are often isomorphic, but in some species the gametophyte may be reduced. Multicellular organisms are Organisms consisting of more than one cell, and having Differentiated cells that perform specialized functions The green algae (singular green alga) are the large group of Algae from which the Embryophytes (higher plants emerged The red algae (Rhodophyta ˌroʊdəˈfaɪtə roʊˈdɒfɨtə from Greek: ῥόδον (rhodon = rose + φυτόν (phyton = plant thus red plant are The Phaeophyceae or brown algae, (singular alga is a large group of mostly marine multicellular Algae including many Seaweeds of colder
See also
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