Game is any animal hunted for food or not normally domesticated (such as venison). Hunting is the practice of pursuing Animals for Food, Recreation, or Trade. Food is any substance usually composed primarily of Carbohydrates Fats water and/or Proteins that can be eaten or drunk by an Domestication (from Latin domesticus) refers to the process whereby a Population of Animals Venison is the Culinary name for Meat from the family Cervidae. Game animals are also hunted for sport.
The type and range of animals hunted for food varies in different parts of the world. This will be influenced by climate, animal diversity, local taste and locally accepted view about what can or cannot be legitimately hunted. Climate encompasses the temperatures humidity rainfall atmospheric particle count and numerous other meteorogical factors in a given region over long periods of Sometimes a distinction is also made between varieties and species of a particular animal, such as wild or domestic turkey. A turkey is either of two extant Species of large Birds in the Genus Meleagris native to North America.
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Game by region
In some countries, game is classified, including legal classification with respect to licenses required, as either small game or large game. Small game includes small animals and birds, such as rabbits, pheasants, doves, geese or ducks. A single small game license may cover all small game species and be subject to daily and yearly bag limits. Large game includes animals like deer, bear, and elk and are often subject to individual licensing where a separate license is required for each individual animal taken(tags). Big game is a term sometimes used interchangeably with large game although in other contexts it refers to large, usually African, mammals (like elephants) which are hunted mainly for trophies, not for food.
Africa
In Africa, wild animals hunted for their meat are called bushmeat; see that article for more detailed information on how this operates within the economy (for personal consumption and for money) and the law (including overexploitation and illegal imports). Bushmeat ( Calque from the French viande de brousse) is the term commonly used for Meat of terrestrial wild animals killed for Animals hunted include, but are not limited to:
Some of these animals are endangered or otherwise protected, and thus it is illegal to hunt them. Antelope are Ruminant hoofed Mammals of the family Bovidae in the order of Even-toed ungulates. A duiker (ˈdaɪkɚ is any of about 19 small to medium-sized Antelope Species from the subfamily Cephalophinae native to Sub-Saharan Africa
In Africa, animals hunted for their pelts or ivory are sometimes referred to as big game. Ivory is formed from Dentine and constitutes the bulk of the Teeth and Tusks of animals such as the Elephant, Hippopotamus,
Also see the legal definition of game in Swaziland.
Australia
In Australia, game includes:
People's Republic of China
In the PRC there is a special cuisine category called ye wei, which includes animals in the wild. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. A deer is a Ruminant Mammal belonging to the family Cervidae. For duck as a food see Duck (food; for other meanings see Duck (disambiguation. The Magpie-goose, Anseranas semipalmata, is a Waterbird Species found in Australia and New Guinea. Rabbits are small Mammals in the family Leporidae of the order Lagomorpha, found in several parts of the world The boar or wild boar ( Sus scrofa) is an Omnivorous, gregarious Mammal of the biological family Suidae. The wild goat ( Capra aegagrus) is a widespread Species of goat, with a distribution ranging from Europe and Asia Minor to Central A kangaroo is a Marsupial from the family Macropodidae (macropods meaning 'large foot' The Emu ( Dromaius novaehollandiae, is the largest Bird native to Australia and the only extant member of the Genus A crocodile is any Species belonging to the family Crocodylidae (sometimes classified instead as the Subfamily Crocodylinae) Ye wei is essentially the wild-game category within Chinese cuisine.
North America
- See also: Upland game bird
In the U.S., Mexico and Canada, deer are the most commonly hunted big game. Upland game bird is an American term which refers to those non- Water fowl game birds hunted with Pointing breeds flushing Spaniels and Retrievers The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page A deer is a Ruminant Mammal belonging to the family Cervidae. Game species in North America include:
United Kingdom
In the UK game is defined in law by the Game Act 1831. A deer is a Ruminant Mammal belonging to the family Cervidae. For duck as a food see Duck (food; for other meanings see Duck (disambiguation. The elk, or wapiti ( Cervus canadensis) is one of the largest Species of Deer in the world and one of the largest Mammals in Goose (plural geese) is the English name for a considerable number of Birds belonging to the family Anatidae. Grouse are a group of birds from the order Galliformes. Often considered a family Tetraonidae, the American Ornithologists' Union The moose (North America or elk (Europe Alces alces, is the largest extant Species in the Deer family. Partridges are Birds in the Pheasant family Phasianidae. They are a non-migratory Old World group Pheasants are a group of large Birds in the order Galliformes. Quail is a collective name for several genera of mid-sized Birds in the Pheasant family Phasianidae, or in the family Odontophoridae. Rabbits are small Mammals in the family Leporidae of the order Lagomorpha, found in several parts of the world A squirrel is one of the many small or medium-sized Rodents in the family Sciuridae. A turkey is either of two extant Species of large Birds in the Genus Meleagris native to North America. The boar or wild boar ( Sus scrofa) is an Omnivorous, gregarious Mammal of the biological family Suidae. The American Woodcock, Scolopax minor, is a small chunky shorebird Species from North America. Borough Market is a Wholesale and Retail food market in Southwark, South East London, England. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Law is a system of rules enforced through a set of Institutions used as an instrument to underpin civil obedience politics economics and society The Game Act 1831 is an Act of Parliament in the United Kingdom which was passed in order to protect Game birds by establishing a close season when they It is illegal to shoot game on Sundays or at night. Other (non-game birds) that are hunted for food in the UK are specified under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981. The Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 is an Act of Parliament in the United Kingdom which aims to protect the Wildlife and Countryside of the UK law defines game as including:
- Black grouse
- Red grouse
- Brown hare
- Ptarmigan
- Grey partridge (and red-legged partridge)
- Common pheasant
Deer are not included in the definition, but similar controls provided to those in the Game Act apply to deer (from the Deer Act 1991). The Black Grouse or Blackgame ( Tetrao tetrix) is a large bird in the Grouse family The Red Grouse ( Lagopus lagopus scotica) is a medium sized bird of the Grouse family which is found in Heather Moorland in Great Britain The European Hare or Brown Hare ( Lepus europaeus) is a species of Hare native to northern central and western Europe and western This article deals with the European species named "Ptarmigan" known in North America as the Rock Ptarmigan The Grey Partridge, Perdix perdix also known as the English Partridge, Hungarian Partridge or Hun is a Gamebird in the pheasant The Red-legged Partridge ( Alectoris rufa) is a Gamebird in the pheasant family Phasianidae of the order Galliformes, gallinaceous The Common Pheasant ( Phasianus colchicus) is a bird in the Pheasant family (Phasianidae A deer is a Ruminant Mammal belonging to the family Cervidae. Deer hunted in the UK are:
- Red deer
- Roe deer
- Fallow deer
- Sika deer
- Muntjac deer
- Chinese water deer
- and hybrids of these deer
Other animals which are hunted in the UK include:
- Duck, including Mallard, Tufted Duck, Teal, Pintail and Pochard
- Goose, including Greylag Goose, Canada Goose, Pink-footed Goose and in England and Wales White-fronted Goose
- Woodpigeon
- Woodcock
- Snipe
- Rabbit
- Golden Plover
Capercaillie are not currently hunted in the UK because of a recent decline in numbers and conservation projects towards their recovery. The Red Deer ( Cervus elaphus) is one of the largest Deer species The European Roe Deer ( Capreolus capreolus) is a Deer species of Europe, Asia Minor, and Caspian coastal regions The Fallow Deer ( Dama dama) is a Ruminant Mammal belonging to the family Cervidae. The Sika Deer ( Cervus nippon) is a member of the deer family Cervidae that inhabits much of East Asia. The Water Deer ( Hydropotes inermis) is superficially more similar to a Musk deer than a True deer (Cervidae - order Artiodactyla but it is classified In Biology, hybrid has two meanings The first meaning is the result of interbreeding between two animals or plants of different taxa. For duck as a food see Duck (food; for other meanings see Duck (disambiguation. The Mallard ( Anas platyrhynchos) probably the best-known and most recognizable of all ducks is a Dabbling duck which breeds throughout the Temperate The Tufted Duck, Aythya fuligula, is a medium-sized Diving duck with a population of close to one million birds The Common Teal / Eurasian Teal or simply Teal ( Anas crecca) is a common and widespread Duck which breeds in the northernmost The Pintail or Northern Pintail ( Anas acuta) is a widely-occurring Duck which breeds in the northern areas of Europe, Asia and Goose (plural geese) is the English name for a considerable number of Birds belonging to the family Anatidae. The Canada Goose ( Branta canadensis) is a Goose belonging to the Genus Branta native to North America. The Pink-footed Goose ( Anser brachyrhynchus) is a Goose which breeds in eastern Greenland, Iceland and Svalbard. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland The Greater White-fronted Goose ( Anser albifrons) is a Goose Species closely related to the smaller Lesser White-fronted Goose For the New Zealand Pigeon or Kererū (often incorrectly called "wood pigeons" see Kererū. The Eurasian Woodcock, Scolopax rusticola is a medium-small Wader. The Common Snipe or Fantail Snipe ( Gallinago gallinago) is a small stocky shorebird. Rabbits are small Mammals in the family Leporidae of the order Lagomorpha, found in several parts of the world The Eurasian Golden Plover, Pluvialis apricaria, is a largish Plover. The Capercaillie ( Tetrao urogallus) also known as the Wood Grouse or more specifically Western Capercaillie is the largest member of the Grouse The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The ban is generally considered voluntary on private lands, and few birds live away from RSPB or Forestry Commission land anyway. The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds ( RSPB) is a British Charitable organisation which works to promote conservation and protection The Forestry Commission (established in 1919 is a Non-ministerial government department responsible for Forestry in Great Britain.
Other animals have been hunted, but not consumed, for centuries. They do not count as game, but the activity of catching the animals is culturally significant, e. g. ratting and foxhunting. Fox hunting is an activity involving the tracking chase and sometimes killing of a fox traditionally a Red fox, by trained Foxhounds or other Scent hounds
Iceland
In Iceland game includes:
Game preparation
Once obtained, game meat must be processed. Iceland, officially the Republic of Iceland ( ( Ísland or Lýðveldið Ísland ( This article deals with the European species named "Ptarmigan" known in North America as the Rock Ptarmigan This article is about a family of birds For the American ornithological journal see The Auk. Goose (plural geese) is the English name for a considerable number of Birds belonging to the family Anatidae. The method of processing varies by game species and size. Small game and fowl may simply be carried home to be butchered. A butcher is someone who prepares various Meats and other related goods for sale Large game such as deer is quickly field-dressed by removing the viscera in the field, while very large animals like moose may be partially butchered in the field because of the difficulty of removing them intact from their habitat. In Anatomy, a viscus (ˈvɪskəs ( Plural: viscera /ˈvɪsərə/ is an internal organ of an animal (including humans in particular an internal Commercial processors often handle deer taken during deer seasons, sometimes even at supermarket meat counters. Otherwise the hunter handles butchering. The carcass is kept cool to minimize spoilage.
Some believe the meat tastes better and is more tender if it is hung and aged for a few days before processing; however, this adds to the risk of contamination. Small game can be processed essentially intact; after gutting and skinning or defeathering (by species), small animals are ready for cooking although they may be disjointed first. Large game must be processed by techniques commonly practiced by commercial butchers.
Game cooking
Generally game is cooked in the same ways as farmed meat. Because some game meat is leaner than store-bought beef, overcooking is a common mishap which can be avoided if properly prepared. [1][2] It is sometimes grilled or cooked longer or by slow cooking or moist-heat methods to make it more tender, since some game tends to be tougher than farm-raised meat. For the device used to cook see Grill (cooking, for other uses see Grill. A slow cooker or Crock-Pot (a trademark often used generically is a Countertop electrical cooking appliance that maintains a relatively low temperature (compared Other methods of tenderizing include marinating as in the dish Hasenpfeffer. Marination, also known as marinating, is the process of soaking foods in a seasoned often acidic liquid before cooking Hasenpfeffer (also spelled hasenfeffer) is a traditional German Stew made from marinated Rabbit or Hare. Traditionally, game meat used to be hung until "high", i. e. approaching a state of decomposition. The term 'gamey', 'gamy' refers to this usually desirable taste (haut goût).
See also
- Hunting
- Big Game Hunter
- Hunting in the United Kingdom
- British Association for Shooting and Conservation
- Game Conservancy Trust
- Duck Hunting
- Fishing
- Fox hunting legislation
- Hunting horn
- Trapping
- Persistence hunting
- Ornithology
- Wildlife
- World Hunting Association
- Hunter-gatherer
- Endangered species
- Overfishing
- Bushmeat
- Bushfood, something quite different
References
- ^ About Game Meat
- ^ Highland Game - Venison Direct to Your Door: fresh scottish venison, highland venison, wild venison, fresh venison, highland, fresh meat, healthy food, heathy meat,venison direct, online venison, gamebox, tender meat, exclusive food, exclusive venison, high quality meat, delicious venison, venison, haunch of venison, fillets of venison
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