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This article is about the chess tactic. For alternate meanings see Gambit (disambiguation).
This article uses algebraic notation to describe chess moves. Algebraic chess notation is used to record and describe the moves in a game of Chess.

A gambit is a chess opening in which the first player risks or sacrifices material, usually a pawn), with the hope of achieving a resulting advantageous position. In Chess the word " opening " has two common meanings both of which are discussed in this article The pawn (♙♟ is the weakest and most numerous piece in the Game of Chess, representing Infantry [1] A gambit used to defend against a gambit is called a countergambit (e. g. , Albin Countergambit). The Albin Countergambit is a Chess opening that begins with the moves 1

There are three general methods in which a gambit can help a player's position. For a gambit to be sound it will typically have some degree of at least two of the following:

In modern chess, the typical response to a moderately sound gambit is to accept the material and give the material back at an advantageous time. For gambits that are less sound, the accepting player is more likely to try to hold onto his extra material. A rule of thumb often found in various primers on chess suggests that a player should get three moves of development for a sacrificed pawn, but it is unclear how useful this general maxim is since the "free moves" part of the compensation is almost never the entirety of what the gambiteer gains. In Chess, compensation refers to various (typically positional advantages a player has in exchange for a (typically material disadvantage Of course, a player is not obliged to accept a gambit. Often, a gambit can be declined without disadvantage.

A good example is the Danish Gambit: 1. The Danish Gambit, known as the de Nordisches Gambit (Nordic Gambit in German and the nl Noors Gambit (Norwegian Gambit in Dutch is a Chess opening e4 e5 2. d4 exd4 3. c3 dxc3 (3. . . d5 would be a way of refusing the gambit) 4. Bc4 cxb2 5. Bxb2. White has sacrificed two pawns, but his bishops are very well developed, looking to the opponent's kingside. This page explains commonly used terms in Chess in alphabetical order A very dubious gambit is the so-called Halloween Gambit: 1. The Müller-Schulze Gambit or Leipzig Gambit, also known more recently as the Halloween Attack or Halloween Gambit, is an aggressive but dubious Gambit e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Nxe5?! Nxe5 5. d4. Here the investment is too big for the moderate advantage of having a strong center.

The word "gambit" was originally applied to chess openings in 1561 by Spanish priest Rúy López de Segura, from the Italian expression dare il gambetto (to put a leg forward, i. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Rodrigo ( Ruy) López de Segura (c 1540 &ndash 1580 was a Spanish priest and later Bishop in Segura whose book Libro de e. , to trip someone). Lopez studied this maneuver, and so the Italian word gained the Spanish form gambito that led to French gambit, which has influenced the English spelling of the word. The broader sense of "opening move meant to gain advantage" was first recorded in English in 1855. Year 1855 ( MDCCCLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year

Some gambits

Main article: List of chess gambits
This is not a true gambit by Black, since after 4. Nxe5!? Qg5! Black wins material. White can (and from this position should) play a gambit himself with 5. Bxf7+! Ke7 6. 0-0! Qxe5 7. Bxg8 Rxg8 8. c3 Nc6 9. d4, when White's two pawns and rolling pawn center, combined with Black's misplaced king, give White strong compensation for the sacrificed bishop.

Notes

  1. ^ Edward R. Brace, An Illustrated Dictionary of Chess, Hamlyn, 1979, ISBN 0-600-32920-8 p. 114

External links

Dictionary

gambit

-noun

  1. An opening in chess, in which a minor piece (often a pawn) is sacrificed to gain an advantage.
  2. Any ploy or stratagem.
  3. A remark intended to open a conversation.
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