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Galmudug State
Flag of Galmudug Coat of arms of Galmudug
Flag Coat of arms
Motto: My Home State
Anthem: Somalia Tosow
Location of Galmudug
Capital
(and largest city)		 South Galcayo
Official languages Somali and English
Government
 -  President Mohamed Warsame Ali
 -  Vice-President Abdisalam Haji Ahmed Liban
Autonomy Part of Federated Somalia 
 -  Declared August 14, 2006 
 -  Recognition Not recognized 
Area
 -  Total 46,000 km² 
17,761 sq mi 
Currency Somali shilling (SOS)
Time zone EAT (UTC+3)
 -  Summer (DST) not observed (UTC+3)
Internet TLD .so
Calling code +252 (Somalia)

Galmudug, is a secular, decentralized state in the central region of Somalia. The flag of Somalia was adopted on October 12, 1954. It was designed by Mohammed Awale Liban, intended to be used for pan-Somali The Coat of arms of Galmudug are nearly identical to the Somali national coat of arms with the addition of a wreath around the arms to represent peace and a ribbon underneath with the A motto (from the Italian word motto, meaning witticism sentence is a phrase meant to formally describe the general motivation or intention of a social group A national anthem is a generally patriotic musical composition that evokes and eulogizes the history traditions and struggles of its people recognized either by a nation's Sources An official language is a Language that is given a special legal status in a particular Country, State, or other territory Somali ( Af Soomaali, الصوماليه is a member of the East Cushitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family spoken by ethnic Somalis English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States For the government of parliamentary systems see Executive (government. Mohamed Warsame Ali "Kiimiko" ( Maxamed Warsame Cali "Kiimiko") is a Somali politician and diplomat Autonomy ( Greek: Auto- Nomos - nomos meaning "law" one who gives oneself his/her own Law) is the right to Self-government Somalia ( Soomaaliya; الصومال) officially the Somali Republic ( Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya, جمهورية الصومال) and formerly known Events 1183 - Taira no Munemori and the Taira clan take the young Emperor Antoku and the three sacred treasures Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. M^2 redirects here For other uses see M². CM2 redirects here The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. A currency is a unit of exchange, facilitating the transfer of Goods and/or services It is one form of Money, where money is The shilling ( English) shilin ( Somali, also شلن or scellino ( Italian) has been the Currency of Somalia ISO 4217 is the International standard describing three-letter codes (also known as the currency code) to define the names of currencies established East Africa Time, or EAT, is a time zone used in eastern Africa. Daylight saving time ( DST A country This is a list of country calling codes defined by ITU-T recommendation E Somalia ( Soomaaliya; الصومال) officially the Somali Republic ( Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya, جمهورية الصومال) and formerly known The administrative capital, South Galcayo, is based in the southern half of the city and district of Gaalkacyo. Sources To the north is Puntland, to the west is Ethiopia and to the south and east is the rest of Somalia, presently under the control of the Transitional Federal Government (TFG). Puntland is a region in northeastern Somalia, centered on Garowe ( Nugaal region whose leaders declared it to be an autonomous state in 1998 NOTE This intro is the result of careful NPOV work Please do not make potentially controversial edits to it without first discussing on the talk page The Transitional Federal Government (TFG of the Somali Republic ( Dowladda federaalka kumeelgaarka) is the present internationally recognized government of Somalia The name is a combination of Galguduud and Mudug. Galguduud (Galguduud is an administrative region ( gobolka) in central Somalia. Mudug (Mudug is an administrative region ( gobolka) in central Somalia. Unlike the self-declared state of the Republic of Somaliland, Galmudug is similar to the northeast Somalia region Puntland in that it is not trying to obtain international recognition as a nation. It seeks to become a federal division within a united federal republic of Somalia, such as defined by the 2004 Transitional Federal Charter (TFG). A federal republic is a Federation of States with a republican form of government The Transitional Federal Charter of the Somali Republic, or TFC is the principle organizing document of the Somali Republic, written and approved in February

Contents

Overview

The Galmudug State is the most centrally located area in Somalia. It is equidistant from Galkaio (State capital) by 750 km to Mogadishu, Hargeisa, Bossaso and Harar in Ethiopia. Its land area - one of the largest 16 original regions of Somalia - is 100,000 km². and it is bordered to the East by the Indian Ocean, to the West by Ethiopia, Nugal region (currently Puntland) on the North and to the South by Galgadud region. Its three ex- Districts of Mudug region; Galkaiyo, Hobyo and Harardere, with over 25 small villages have a combined population estimated at 500,000 that consist of several balanced Hawie sub-clans (Habargidir, Abgaal, Murursade, Duduble, Dir, Shiikhaal & Madhibaan. )

History

For pre-colonial history, see Sultanate of Hobyo

Creation of Galmudug

Galmudug was established on August 14, 2006 by the clans of Sacad, Dir, Shikhal and Hillibi (Murusade) elders in Central regions of Somalia. The Sultanate of Hobyo was carved out of the former Hiraab Imamate by a Majerteen Pretender to the throne Yusuf Ali Keenadid. Events 1183 - Taira no Munemori and the Taira clan take the young Emperor Antoku and the three sacred treasures Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. See also Somali clan Sacad ( Somali: Sacad Saciid) is a Somali clan that is part of the Habar Gidir of the Hawiye Mohamed Warsame Ali 'Kiimiko' was elected President. Mohamed Warsame Ali "Kiimiko" ( Maxamed Warsame Cali "Kiimiko") is a Somali politician and diplomat

The state was named Galmudug (Galgadud and Mudug) with the cities of South Galcayo, Galinsoor and Bandiradley. Sources Gelinsoor is a town that is located near the border between the Muduand and Galgaduud regions of Somalia. Bandiiradley is one of the largest towns in the Mudug region of Somalia. Hobyo and Harardhere were technically a part of Galmudug from the outset, but de-facto authority rested in the pirates who ruled the towns and preyed on shipping along the coast. Hobyo (also spelled Obbia and Hobyaa) is an ancient harbor city in the Mudug region of Somalia. Harardhere is a town in central Somalia, noted for its intense level of piracy This changed when the ICU flushed out the pirates from Hobyo and Harardhere on August 16 2006, and later when the ICU conquered Harardhere and Hobyo in early November 2006, to be reconquered by Galmudug forces in early 2007 with the help of Ethiopia, Puntland and the Sacad warlord Abdi Qeybdiid. Events 1384 - The Hongwu Emperor of Ming China, Emperor Dong hears a case of a couple who tore paper money bills while fighting Abdi Hasan Awale or Abdi Qeybdiid ( Cabdi Xasan Cawaale (Qeybdiid) born in 1948 is a Somali militia leader or Warlord, affiliated with the

Galmudug State recently celebrated its first year anniversary in Washington D. C. on August 14th 2007.

Relations with Puntland

Galmudug was put at odds with Puntland due to the fact that they were often made victims of collective punishments designed to hurt the ICU. For instance in October Puntland banned flights to and from southern Somalia (except to Baidoa of course), including, due to proximity, Galmudug. Galmudug condemned this move strongly[1].

On November 10, Galmudug sought the removal of forces from adjoining Puntland. Events 1444 - Battle of Varna: The crusading forces of King Vladislaus III of Varna (aka Ulaszlo I of Hungary and Wladyslaw Puntland is a region in northeastern Somalia, centered on Garowe ( Nugaal region whose leaders declared it to be an autonomous state in 1998 [2] However by December, it had grown increasingly reliant on forces from both Puntland and Ethiopia to dislodge the militias of the ICU. NOTE This intro is the result of careful NPOV work Please do not make potentially controversial edits to it without first discussing on the talk page

Geography

Map of Galmudug
Map of Galmudug

Galmudug State occupies the following Districts of Somalia[3]:

War with the Islamic Courts Union

Main article: Battle of Bandiradley

Galmudug and the ICU clashed increasingly in October and November of 2006, leading to an ICU invasion of Galinsoor, Hobyo, Harardere, Bandiradley and Abdi Qeybdiid's base in the Marehan town of Abudwaq in November and December. The Battle of Bandiradley in Somalia began on December 23, 2006, when Ethiopian and Puntland forces along with Warlord Abdi Qeybdid A joint Ethiopia-Puntland force intervened to prevent the ICU from capturing Galcayo (the most important city in the region), the northern half of which is administered by Puntland. Sources The Ethiopia-Puntland-Galmudug-Abdi Qeybdiid coalition emerged victorious and recaptured Bandiradley and Galinsoor. Bandiiradley is one of the largest towns in the Mudug region of Somalia. Gelinsoor is a town that is located near the border between the Muduand and Galgaduud regions of Somalia.

On January 1, 2007, Abdi Qeybdiid and the Puntland/Ethiopian force parted ways with the Galmudug military and continued on towards Mogadishu, briefly occupying Adado and Dusamareb. New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. [4] To this day, the status of the majority of Galgadud (except Gelinsoor, administered by Galmudug) is unresolved.

Reconstruction

The road from Galcayo to Gelinsoor (the main road through the state) has been repaired recently, and as of September 1 2007 it is cleared of all obstruction. Events 462 - Possible start of first Byzantine indiction cycle. [5]

External links

References

  1. ^ Somalia: Galmudug state condemns Puntland ban on flights from southern Somalia SomaliNet News
  2. ^ Somalia: Galmudug state asks Puntland army to withdraw its territory. Shabelle Media Network
  3. ^ Gamudugstate.net. Retrieved on 2007-02-27. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1560 - The Treaty of Berwick, which would expel the French from Scotland, is signed by England and the Congregation
  4. ^ "Somalia: No revenge against Islamists - former warlord", SomaliNet, 2007-01-01. SomaliNet is a Somali networking website created in May 1998 Somalinet contains News, Chat ( IRC) forums, an online Dating service Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Retrieved on 2007-01-29. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 904 - Sergius III comes out of retirement to take over the papacy from the deposed Antipope Christopher.  
  5. ^ Galinsoor: Ciidamada Dowlada Soomaaliya oo furay Wadada isku xirta Gaalkacyo iyo Galguduud

Further reading

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