Gallbladder cancer is a relatively uncommon cancer. The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (most commonly known by the abbreviation ICD) provides codes to classify Diseases The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision ( ICD -10) is a coding of diseases and signs symptoms abnormal findings The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (most commonly known by the abbreviation ICD) provides codes to classify Diseases The following is a list of codes for International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. Medical Subject Headings ( MeSH) is a huge Controlled vocabulary (or metadata system for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books Cancer (medical term Malignant Neoplasm) is a class of Diseases in which a group of cells display uncontrolled If it is diagnosed early enough, it can be cured by removing the gallbladder. The gallbladder (or cholecyst sometimes gall bladder is a small organ whose function in the body is to store Bile and aid in the digestive process Most often it is found after symptoms such as abdominal pain and jaundice occur, and it has spread to other organs such as the liver. A symptom' (from Greek σύμπτωμα, "accident misfortune that which befalls" from συμπίπτω, "I befall" from Jaundice, also known as icterus (attributive adjective "icteric" is yellowish discoloration of the Skin, sclerae (whites of the eyes In Biology, an organ ( Latin: organum, "instrument tool" from Greek όργανον - organon "organ instrument The liver is a vital organ in the human body and is present in Vertebrates and some other animals

It is a rare cancer that is still being studied and thought to be related to gallstones building up, which also can lead to calcification of the gallbladder, a condition known as Porcelain gallbladder. Calcium (ˈkælsiəm is the Chemical element with the symbol Ca and Atomic number 20 Porcelain gallbladder is a calcification of the Gallbladder believed to be brought on by excessive Gallstones but more studies are necessary to determine Porcelain gallbladder is also rare. Some studies indicate that people with porcelain gallbladder have a high risk of developing gallbladder cancer, but other studies question this. The outlook is poor for recovery if the cancer is found after symptoms have started to occur.

Risk factors

• Gender: More women than men are affected by gallbladder cancer, mostly commonly between the ages of 50 and 60.
• Obesity increases the risk for gallbladder cancer. Obesity is a condition in which excess Body fat has accumulated to such an extent that health may be negatively affected It is most common in indigenous peoples of the Americas. For indigenous peoples in the United States other than Hawaii and Alaska see also Native Americans in the United States.
• Primary carcinoma is linked to chronic cholecystitis and cholelithiasis. Cholecystitis is Inflammation of the Gall bladder. Causes and pathology Cholecystitis is often caused by Cholelithiasis (the presence of In Medicine, gallstones (choleliths are Crystalline bodies formed within the body by accretion or concretion of normal or abnormal Bile component
• Alcohol: "…alcohol drinking is a risk factor of gallbladder cancer…"^{[1] [2]}

Signs and Symptoms

• Steady pain in the upper right abdomen for around 2 months.
• Diarrhea
• Burping
• Weakness
• Loss of appetite
• Weight loss
• Vomiting
• Infection, leading to peritonitis, gangrene, perforation, and or liver abscess
• Jaundice, due to obstruction

Early symptoms mimic gallbladder inflammation and gallstones, which must be excluded as the cause. In Medicine, diarrhea, also spelled diarrhoea (see spelling differences) is frequent loose or liquid Bowel movements Acute diarrhea Muscle weakness (or "lack of strength" is a direct term for the inability to exert force with one's Muscles to the degree that would be expected given the individual's Anorexia (deriving from the Greek "α(ν-" ( a(n-, a prefix that denotes absence + "όρεξη (orexe = appetite is the decreased sensation Weight loss, in the context of Medicine or Health or Physical fitness, is a reduction of the total Body weight, due to a mean loss of fluid Vomiting (also called throwing up, emesis) is the forceful expulsion of the contents of one's Stomach through the Mouth and sometimes the An infection is the detrimental Colonization of a host Organism by a foreign Species. Peritonitis is defined as Inflammation of the Peritoneum (the Serous membrane which lines part of the abdominal cavity and some of the Viscera Please do not add warnings to this page about the pictures Wikipedia is not censored for taste and has a guideline preventing such warnings - WikipediaNo disclaimers in articles Perforation refers to the puncturing of a material with a harder (usually sharp object to create a hole or aperture An abscess (abscessus is a collection of Pus (dead Neutrophils) that has accumulated in a cavity formed by the tissue on the basis of an infectious process Jaundice, also known as icterus (attributive adjective "icteric" is yellowish discoloration of the Skin, sclerae (whites of the eyes Later, the symptoms may be that of biliary obstruction. A bile duct is any of a number of long tube-like structures that carry Bile.

Disease Course

Most tumors are adenocarcinomas, with a small percent being squamous cell carcinomas. Adenocarcinoma is a cancer that originates in Glandular tissue In Anatomy, squamous epithelium (from Latin squama, "scale" is an Epithelium characterised by its most superficial layer consisting The cancer commonly spreads to the liver, pancreas, stomach,and duodenum. The liver is a vital organ in the human body and is present in Vertebrates and some other animals The pancreas is a Gland organ in the digestive and Endocrine system of Vertebrates. In Human anatomy, the stomach is a J-shaped hollow muscular organ of the Gastrointestinal tract involved in the second phase of Digestion, following In Anatomy of the Digestive system, the duodenum is a hollow jointed tube about 25-30 cm (10-12 in long connecting the Stomach to the Jejunum

Diagnosis

Incidentally discovered gallbladder cancer (adenocarcinoma) following a cholecystectomy. Adenocarcinoma is a cancer that originates in Glandular tissue Cholecystectomy (/ˌkɔləsɪsˈtɛktəmi/ plural cholecystectomies is the surgical removal of the Gallbladder. H&E stain. H&E stain, HE stain or hematoxylin and eosin stain, is a popular Staining method in Histology.

Early diagnosis is not generally possible. People at high risk, such as women or Native Americans with frequent gallstones, are evaluated closely. Endoscopic ultrasound, transabdominal ultrasound, CT scan, MRI, and MR cholangiopancreatography can be used to diagnose. Not to be confused with Supersonic. Ultrasound is cyclic Sound pressure with a Frequency greater than the upper Computed tomography (CT is a Medical imaging method employing Tomography.

Treatment

The most common and most effective treatment is surgical removal of the gallbladder (cholecystectomy) with lymph node dissection. Cholecystectomy (/ˌkɔləsɪsˈtɛktəmi/ plural cholecystectomies is the surgical removal of the Gallbladder. A Lymph node ( lɪmf noʊd is an organ consisting of many types of cells and is a part of the Lymphatic system. However, with gallbladder cancer's extremely poor prognosis, most will die by one year following the surgery. If surgery is not possible, endoscopic stenting of the biliary tree can reduce jaundice. Chemotherapy and radiation may also be used with surgery. Chemotherapy, in its most general sense refers to treatment of disease by chemicals that kill cells specifically those of micro-organisms or Cancer. Radiation therapy (or radiotherapy) is the medical use of Ionizing radiation as part of Cancer treatment to control Malignant

References

1. ^ Ji, J; Hemminki K (2005 Sep). "Variation in the risk for liver and gallbladder cancers in socioeconomic and occupational groups in Sweden with etiological implications". Int Arch Occup Environ Health 78 (8): 641–9. PMID 16001211.  
2. ^ Ji J, Couto E, Hemminki K. Incidence differences for gallbladder cancer between occupational groups suggest an etiological role for alcohol Int J Cancer 2005 Sep 1;116(3):492-3.

• Lewis, S. M. , Heitkemper, M. M. , & Dirksen, S. R. Medical-Surgical Nursing: Assessment and Management of Clinical Problems, 6th ed. St. Louis: Mosby, 2004.
• McCance,K. , & Huether, S. Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults & Children, 4th ed. St. Louis: Mosby, 2002.

External links

• The Johns Hopkins Esophageal Cancer Web page