| Gallbladder | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Gallbladder is #5 | |
 |
|
| Diagram of Stomach | |
| Latin | vesica fellea |
| Gray's | subject #250 1197 |
| System | Digestive system (GI Tract) |
| Artery | Cystic artery |
| Vein | Cystic vein |
| Nerve | Celiac ganglia, vagus[1] |
| Precursor | Foregut |
| Dorlands/Elsevier | g_01/12383343 |
The gallbladder (or cholecyst, sometimes gall bladder) is a small organ whose function in the body is to harbor bile and aid in the digestive process. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Gray's Anatomy the Respiratory apparatus ( Apparatus Respiratorius Respiratory system Respiratory apparatus In Biology, a system is a group of organs that work together to perform a certain task Digestion is the breaking down of chemicals in the body into a form that can be absorbed Arteries are Blood vessels that carry blood away from the Heart. The cystic artery supplies oxygenated blood to the Gallbladder and Cystic duct. In the Circulatory system, a vein is a Blood vessel that carries Blood back toward the Heart (as opposed to Artery, a blood vessel The cystic vein drains the blood from the Gall-bladder, and accompanying the Cystic duct, usually ends in the right branch of the portal vein. A nerve is an enclosed cable-like bundle of peripheral Axons (the long slender projections of Neurons. The celiac ganglia are two large irregularly shaped masses of Nerve tissue in the upper Abdomen. The vagus nerve (ˈveɪˌgəs (VĀ-gəs (also called pneumogastric nerve or cranial nerve X) is the tenth of twelve paired Cranial nerves, and is the Embryology (from Greek grc ἔμβρυον embryon, "unborn embryo" and grc -λογία -logia) is the study of the development The foregut is the anterior part of the Alimentary canal, from the Mouth to the Duodenum at the entrance of the Bile duct. Elsevier, the world's largest Publisher of Medical and Scientific literature, forms part of the Reed Elsevier group In Biology, an organ ( Latin: organum, "instrument tool" from Greek όργανον - organon "organ instrument Bile or gall is a bitter yellow or green Alkaline fluid secreted by Hepatocytes from the Liver of most Vertebrates In many species
Contents |
Anatomy
- The cystic duct connects the gallbladder to the common hepatic duct to form the common bile duct. The cystic duct is the short Duct that joins the Gall bladder to the Common bile duct. The common hepatic duct is the duct formed by the convergence of the Right hepatic duct (which drains bile from the Right functional lobe of the liver) and the Bile, which is synthesized in the liver is carried to the right and left hepatic ducts which converge along with the Cystic duct to form the Common hepatic duct.
- The common bile duct then joins the pancreatic duct, and enters through the hepatopancreatic ampulla at the major duodenal papilla. The pancreatic duct, or duct of Wirsung, is a duct joining the Pancreas to the Common bile duct to supply pancreatic juices which aid in Digestion The ampulla of Vater (papilla Vateri papilla duodeni major also known as the la hepatopancreatic ampulla, is formed by the union of the Pancreatic duct and The Common bile duct and the Pancreatic duct together perforate the medial side of the second portion of the Duodenum obliquely some 7 to 10 cm below the Pylorus [2][3]
- The fundus of the gallbladder is the part farthest from the duct, located by the lower border of the liver [4]. The fundus of gallbladder is the portion of the Gallbladder which lies the farthest from the Cystic duct. The liver is a vital organ in the human body and is present in Vertebrates and some other animals It is at the same level as the transpyloric plane. An upper Transverse line, the transpyloric is located halfway between the Jugular notch and the upper border of the Symphysis pubis; this indicates
Microscopic anatomy
The different layers of the gallbladder are as follows:
- The gallbladder has a simple columnar epithelial lining characterized by recesses called Aschoff's recesses, which are pouches inside the lining. A simple columnar epithelium is a Columnar epithelium that is uni-layered In biology and medicine epithelium is a tissue composed of cells that line the cavities and surfaces of structures throughout the body
- Under the epithelium there is a layer of connective tissue (lamina propria). Connective tissue is one of the four types of tissue in traditional classifications (the others being epithelial, Muscle, and Nervous tissue)
- Beneath the connective tissue is a wall of smooth muscle (muscularis externa) that contracts in response to cholecystokinin, a peptide hormone secreted by the duodenum. Smooth muscle is a type of non- Striated muscle, found within the Tunica media layer of large and small Arteries and Veins, the bladder Cholecystokinin ( CCK; from Greek chole, "bile" cysto, "sac" kinin, "move" hence move the bile-sac Peptides (from the Greek πεπτίδια, "small digestibles" are short Polymers formed from the linking in a defined order of α- Amino Hormones (from Greek ὁρμή - "impetus" are chemicals released by cells that affect cells in other parts of the body In Anatomy of the Digestive system, the duodenum is a hollow jointed tube about 25-30 cm (10-12 in long connecting the Stomach to the Jejunum
- There is essentially no submucosa separating the connective tissue from serosa and adventitia. In the Gastrointestinal tract, the submucosa is the layer of Loose connective tissue that supports the Mucosa, as well as joins the mucosa to the bulk In Anatomy, a serous membrane (or serosa) is a smooth membrane consisting of a thin layer of cells which excrete Serous fluid Adventitia is the outermost Connective tissue covering of any organ, vessel, or other structure
Section References[5]
Function
The gallbladder stores about 50 mL (1. 7 US fluid ounces / 1. A fluid ounce (abbreviated fl oz, fl oz or oz fl) is a unit of Volume in both the imperial and the US customary systems 8 Imperial fluid ounces) of bile, which is released when food containing fat enters the digestive tract, stimulating the secretion of cholecystokinin (CCK). Bile or gall is a bitter yellow or green Alkaline fluid secreted by Hepatocytes from the Liver of most Vertebrates In many species Food is any substance usually composed primarily of Carbohydrates Fats water and/or Proteins that can be eaten or drunk by an Secretion is the process of segregating elaborating and releasing chemicals from a cell, or a secreted Chemical substance or amount of substance Cholecystokinin ( CCK; from Greek chole, "bile" cysto, "sac" kinin, "move" hence move the bile-sac The bile, produced in the liver, emulsifies fats and neutralizes acids in partly digested food. Bile or gall is a bitter yellow or green Alkaline fluid secreted by Hepatocytes from the Liver of most Vertebrates In many species The liver is a vital organ in the human body and is present in Vertebrates and some other animals
After being stored in the gallbladder the bile becomes more concentrated than when it left the liver, increasing its potency and intensifying its effect on fats. Bile or gall is a bitter yellow or green Alkaline fluid secreted by Hepatocytes from the Liver of most Vertebrates In many species The liver is a vital organ in the human body and is present in Vertebrates and some other animals Most digestion occurs in the duodenum. In Anatomy of the Digestive system, the duodenum is a hollow jointed tube about 25-30 cm (10-12 in long connecting the Stomach to the Jejunum
Vertebrates have gallbladders, but invertebrates don't. This is because vertebrates eat in boluses while invertebrates are constantly eating. To digest a large bolus of food requires a large amount of digestive secretions, hence the presence of a gallbladder.
Diseases and disorders
See also
External links
References
- ^ Ginsburg, Ph. Cholecystitis is Inflammation of the Gall bladder. Causes and pathology Cholecystitis is often caused by Cholelithiasis (the presence of Gallbladder cancer is a relatively uncommon Cancer. If it is diagnosed early enough it can be cured by removing the Gallbladder. In Surgical pathology, strawberry Gallbladder, more formally cholesterolosis of the gallbladder and gallbladder cholesterolosis, is a change In Medicine, gallstones (choleliths are Crystalline bodies formed within the body by accretion or concretion of normal or abnormal Bile component Cholecystectomy (/ˌkɔləsɪsˈtɛktəmi/ plural cholecystectomies is the surgical removal of the Gallbladder. In Surgical pathology, strawberry Gallbladder, more formally cholesterolosis of the gallbladder and gallbladder cholesterolosis, is a change MedlinePlus, with the MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia, is a website network containing Health information from the world's largest medical Library D. , J. N. (2005-08-22). "Control of Gastrointestinal Function", in Thomas M. Nosek, Ph. D. : Gastrointestinal Physiology, Essentials of Human Physiology. Augusta, Georgia, United State: Medical College of Georgia, p. 30. The Medical College of Georgia, also known as MCG, is a public medical Research university located in downtown Augusta Georgia. Retrieved on 2007-06-29. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 512 - A Solar eclipse is recorded by a monastic chronicler in Ireland.
- ^ Laboratory 38. Stomach, Spleen and Liver, Step 14. The Gallbladder and the Bile System. Human Anatomy (Laboratory Dissections). SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY (2003-11-17). The State University of New York Health Science Center at Brooklyn, better known as SUNY Downstate Medical Center, is an academic medical center and is the only one of its kind Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 284 - Diocletian is proclaimed emperor by his soldiers Retrieved on 2007-06-29. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 512 - A Solar eclipse is recorded by a monastic chronicler in Ireland.
- ^ Abdominal dissection, gall bladder position emphasized (JPG). Human Anatomy (Laboratory Dissections). SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY (2003-11-17). The State University of New York Health Science Center at Brooklyn, better known as SUNY Downstate Medical Center, is an academic medical center and is the only one of its kind Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 284 - Diocletian is proclaimed emperor by his soldiers Retrieved on 2007-06-29. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 512 - A Solar eclipse is recorded by a monastic chronicler in Ireland.
- ^ medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com - fundus of gallbladder
- ^ Slide 5: Gall Bladder. JayDoc HistoWeb. University of Kansas. The University of Kansas (often referred to as KU or just Kansas) is a public research university with campuses located in Lawrence, Kansas City Retrieved on 2007-06-29. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 512 - A Solar eclipse is recorded by a monastic chronicler in Ireland.
