The Gallaeci, Callaeci, or Callaici were a Pre-Roman Celtic single or various tribes living in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula (The Roman Hispania), North of Douro River in Northern Portugal and Galicia (Spain). Ancient Rome was a Civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC Celts (ˈkɛlts or /ˈsɛlts/, see Names of the Celts The Iberian Peninsula, or Iberia, is located in the extreme southwest of Europe, and includes modern day Spain, Portugal, Andorra Hispania was the name given by the Romans to the whole of the Iberian Peninsula (modern Portugal, Spain, Andorra, Gibraltar The Douro or Duero ( Latin: Durius, Spanish: Duero, Portuguese: Douro, pron. Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. Galicia (occasionally Galiza) is an autonomous community in northwest Spain. Recent investigation is showing that one of their real ethnic name was Bracari and their main goddess Nabia. The Bracari were an ancient Celtic tribe of Gallaecia, akin to the Calaicians or Gallaeci, living in the northwest of modern Portugal, in

Contents 1 Origin of the name 2 Notes 3 References 4 See also 5 External links

Origin of the name

The Romans named the entire region north of that river, where the Castro culture existed, in honour of the Castro people that settled in the area of Calle - the Callaeci, later the Roman Portus Calle, today's Porto. Castro culture ( cultura castreja in Portuguese, cultura castrexa in Galician and cultura castreña in Spanish, Portus Cale ( Latin for Port of Cale) was the old name of an ancient town and port in current day Portugal. ^[1] Others believe that the name came from the main goddess this tribe adored, which could be the same Cailleach in Ireland as Celts arrived to that island from Galicia. In Irish and Scottish mythology, the ga '''Cailleach''' ( Irish plural ga ''cailleacha'', Scottish Gaelic plural gd ''cailleachan'' /kalʲəxən/ Gallaecia (comprising modern Galicia and Northern Portugal) has had human settlers since prehistoric times, dating back to the 30th Thus, a Roman province, known as Callaecia or Gallaecia, was later created. Gallaecia or Callaecia was the name of a Roman province that comprised

An early mention to Callaeci can be found in the 1st-century epic Punica of Silius Italicus :

Fibrarum et pennae divinarumque sagacem

flammarum misit dives Callaecia pubem,

barbara nunc patriis ululantem carmina linguis,

nunc pedis alterno percussa verbere terra,

ad numerum resonas gaudentem plauder caetras. Silius Italicus, in full Tiberius Catius Silius Italicus (25 or 26 - 101 was a Latin epic Poet. (book III. 344-7)

"Rich Gallaecia sent its youths, wise in the knowledge of divination by the entrails of beasts, by feathers and flames— who, now crying out the barbarian song of their native tongue, now alternately stamping the ground in their rhythmic dances until the ground rang, and accompanying the playing with sonorous caetras"

The names "Callaici" and "Calle" are the origin of today's: Gaia, Galicia, and the "Gal" root in "Portugal". Vila Nova de Gaia, or simply Gaia, ( pron 'vilɐ 'nɔvɐ dɨ 'gajɐ is a city in Portugal. The meaning of "Calle" is however not fully understood; see Portugal naming. Portugal is a European Nation whose origins go back to the Early Middle Ages. Therefore the root cal- could have a different meaning in Kallaikoi and in Cale.

Notes

References

• Alberro, Manuel & Arnold, Bettina (eds. ) (2005). "Volume 6: The Celts in the Iberian Peninsula". e-Keltoi: Journal of Interdisciplinary Celtic Studies 6.  
• Coutinhas, José Manuel (2006), Aproximação à identidade etno-cultural dos Callaici Bracari, Porto.
• Queiroga, Francisco (1992), War and Castros, Oxford.
• Silva, Armando Coelho Ferreira da (1986), A Cultura Castreja no Noroeste de Portugal, Porto.

See also

• History of Portugal
• Prehistoric Iberia
• Timeline of Portuguese history
  • Pre-Roman Western Iberia (Before the 3rd century BC)
  • Roman Lusitania and Gallaecia (3rd century BC to 4th century AD)
• History of Galicia
• Celtic Gallaecia
• Timeline of Galician History
• Pre-Roman peoples of the Iberian Peninsula

External links

• Detailed map of the Pre-Roman Peoples of Iberia (around 200 BC)

Portugal is a European Nation whose origins go back to the Early Middle Ages. The Prehistory of the Iberian peninsula begins with the arrival of the first Hominins c This is a historical timeline of Portugal. See also History of Portugal Pre-Roman Western Iberia (Before the 3rd century BC This is a historical timeline of Portugal. See also History of Portugal Pre-Roman Western Iberia Paleolithic This is a historical timeline of Portugal. See also History of Portugal Roman Lusitania and Gallaecia 3rd century BC The Iberian Peninsula has been inhabited for at least 500000 years first by Neanderthals and then by modern humans Gallaecia (comprising modern Galicia and Northern Portugal) has had human settlers since prehistoric times, dating back to the 30th Paleolithic 200th millennium BC – In the Paleolithic period the Neanderthal Man enters the Iberian peninsula. This is a list of the Pre- Roman peoples of the Iberian peninsula (the Roman Hispania - modern Andorra, Portugal and Spain

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