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The gaida (also spelled gajda) is a bagpipe from South Eastern Europe (the Balkans). A musical instrument is a device constructed or modified for the purpose of making Music. Bagpipes are a class of Musical instrument, Aerophones using enclosed reeds fed from a constant reservoir of air in the form of a bag A musical instrument is a device constructed or modified for the purpose of making Music. Bock is a strong Lager which has origins in the Hanseatic town Einbeck, Germany. Cimpoi, the Romanian Bagpipe, has a single drone and straight bore Chanter and is less strident than its Balkan relatives The Magyar duda — Hungarian duda —(also known as tömlösíp and börduda) is the traditional Bagpipe of Hungary Diple, dvojnice, or dvojanke ( Pluralia tantum) are a traditional Woodwind musical instrument in Serbian music and Croatian music Dalmatia ( Croatian: Dalmacija, see names in other languages) is a region on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea, situated mostly in modern This article is about a geographical region bordering the Adriatic Sea The tulum ( guda (გუდა in Laz is a Musical instrument, a form of Bagpipe from Turkey. Galicia (occasionally Galiza) is an autonomous community in northwest Spain. The Laz ( Lazi (ლაზი or Lazepe (ლაზეფე in Laz, Lazlar in Turkish, Lazi (ლაზი or The parkapzuk ( Armenian: Պարկապզուկ is a droneless horn-belled Bagpipe played in Armenia. Armenia (Հայաստան transliterated: Hayastan,) officially the Republic of Armenia (Հայաստանի Հանրապետություն Hayastani The gudastviri ( Georgian: გუდასტვირი is a droneless double-chantered horn-belled bagpipe played in Georgia. Georgia ( საქართველო, Sakartvelo) is a Transcontinental country in the Caucasus region situated at the dividing line between Georgia ( საქართველო, Sakartvelo) is a Transcontinental country in the Caucasus region situated at the dividing line between Circassians is a term derived from the Turkic Cherkess ( Çerkes) and is not the self-designation of any people Chuvash Republic (Чува́шская Респу́блика Чăваш Республики or Chuvashia (ru Чува́шия is a federal subject Azerbaijan ( English; Azərbaycan officially the Republic of Azerbaijan (Azərbaycan Respublikası is the largest and most populous country in the South The Volynka (Волинка (Волынка(Tulup zurna - see also Duda, Koza, and Kobza)It is a Slavic bagpipe Ukrainian (in Ukrainian украї́нська мо́ва ukrayins'ka mova,) is a language of the East Slavic subgroup of the Slavic languages. Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Swedish bagpipes ( Swedish Säckpipa) are a variety of Bagpipes from the Kingdom of Sweden "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. The term ney anban (Persian نی انبان literally means "bag pipe" but more specifically can refer to a type of droneless double-chantered Bagpipes played in For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. Bagpipes are a class of Musical instrument, Aerophones using enclosed reeds fed from a constant reservoir of air in the form of a bag It originates from Bulgaria, but countries like the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, and the Thracian regions of Greece have adopted this instrument from the Thracian (today Bulgarian) folklore. The state of Bulgaria (България transliterated bg-Latn ''Balgaria'' The country preserves the traditions (in ethnic name language and alphabet of the First Bulgarian The Republic of Macedonia (Република Thrace (Тракия Trakiya or "Trakija" or Trakia, Θράκη Thráki, Trakya is a historical and geographic area in southeast Europe Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία Variations of this instrument are found throughout the Balkans in Albania, Bosnia, Croatia, Republic of Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, and Turkey. This article is about the country in southern Europe For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Albania topics. Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Latin script: Bosna i Hercegovina, Cyrillic script: Босна и Херцеговина is a country on the Balkan Croatia (Hrvatska ˈxȓvatska officially the Republic of Croatia ( Republika Hrvatska) is a southern Central European country at the crossroads between The Republic of Macedonia (Република Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania Serbia (Србија Srbija) officially the Republic of Serbia (Република Србија Republika Srbija) is a Landlocked Country Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches
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Instrument parts
Bag
The bag is the reservoir that supplies the pipes with air. It is an airtight sack made out of goat or sheep hide. When this bag is squeezed under the player's arm, air is forced through the reeds of the pipes, creating sound. Different regions have different ways of treating the hide. The simplest methods involve just the use of salt, while more complex treatments involve milk, flour, and the removal of fur. In the Macedonian regions, the hide is normally turned inside out so that the fur is on the inside of the bag, as this helps with moisture buildup within the bag. The stocks into which the chanters and blowpipe and drone fit are called "glavini" (главини) in Bulgarian. These can be made out of Cornel wood (дрян) or animal horn.
Blow pipe
This is a short, conical wooden or bone tube in which the player blows to refill the bag. At the end of the blow pipe that is within the bag, there is a small check valve of leather or felt that allows air into the bag via the blow pipe but not back out. A check valve, clack valve, non-return valve or one-way valve is a Mechanical device, a Valve, which normally allows Fluid
Chanters
These are the pipes that play the melody.
Reeds (lemellas, Piska)
Each chanter is fitted with a reed made from reed (arundo donax), bamboo, or elder. A reed is a thin strip of material which vibrates to produce a sound on a Musical instrument. Phragmites australis, the common reed, is a large perennial grass found in Wetlands throughout temperate and tropical regions of the Arundo donax L ( Giant Reed) is a tall perennial reed growing in fresh and moderately saline waters Bamboo is a group of Woody perennial Evergreen Plants in the True grass family Poaceae, subfamily Sambucus ( Elder or Elderberry) is a genus of between 5 and 30 species of Shrubs or small Trees (two species Herbaceous) The reed is fitted into the end of the chanter that goes into the bag. The reed itself is a round tube plugged at one end with cork, wax or the natural walls of the reed. The other end is open and a tongue is cut that vibrates when air is passed through. The end of the reed is wrapped in string (usually Hemp) to create an airtight seal when inserted into the chanter. The length of the reed that protrudes from the chanter determines the chanter's tuning, and can be adjusted by sliding it in or out. The wrapping is traditionally lubricated with suet, although the same cork grease used for clarinets also works well. Suet (/ˈsuːɪt/ is raw Beef or mutton Fat, especially the hard fat found around the Loins and Kidneys Suet has a Melting The clarinet is a Musical instrument in the Woodwind family The name derives from adding the suffix -et meaning little to the Italian word If the reeds do not sound properly, the notch cut in the open end of the reed can be tightened by using a rubber band to squeeze the tube.
Melody chanter (gaidunitza, Zurle)
This is a smaller tube (chanter) with a conical bore (in Bulgaria), cylindrical bore (in Macedonia and other regions), made from boxwood (shimshir) cornel wood, plum wood or other fruit wood. This article is on the bagpipe part for the musical office see Cantor. The bore of a Wind instrument is its interior chamber that defines a flow path through which air travels and is set into vibration to produce sounds It has 8 holes in it: the top four are covered by the thumb and first three fingers of the left hand, then the four fingers of the right hand cover the remaining four holes. An important feature of the gaida's chanter (which it shares with a number of other Eastern European bagpipes) is the "flea-hole" (also known as a mumbler or voicer) which is covered by the index finger of the left hand. The flea-hole is smaller than the rest and usually consists of a small tube that is made out of metal or a chicken or duck feather. Uncovering the flea-hole raises any note played by a half step, and it is used in creating the musical ornamentation that gives Balkan music its unique character. In Music, ornaments are musical flourishes that are not necessary to carry the overall line of the melody (or harmony but serve instead to decorate or "ornament" The music of Southeastern Europe or Balkan music is a type of music distinct from others in Europe
Drone
This pipe is a long, three-piece tube. It has no fingerholes, unlike the melody chanter, since it only plays one note, a drone. In music a drone is a harmonic or monophonic effect or Accompaniment where a note or chord is continuously sounded throughout much This note is normally lower than those played by the melody chanter, as it is longer and its reed is twice as big.
Cleaning and preserving the gaida
It is an old tradition that when you have finished playing the gaida, a small (30ml) glass of homemade liquor (rakia) is poured into the bag. Rakia or rakija (raki arichii rakija ракия rakia rakija ρακί pálinka ракија/rakija rachiu (reg This works as an antiseptic within the skin to stop it from rotting. A typical well-looked-after gaida can last more than 30 years.
Gaida players and makers
- Pece Atanasovski
- Nikolay Belyashki
- Kalin Bochukov
- Kostadin Stefanov Ilchev
- Anastas Ivanov
- Encho Pashov
- Yannis Pehlivanis
- Georgi Prisadov
- Todor Todorov
- Hristo Topchiev
- Dafo Trendafilov
Related instruments
The gaida has many cousins, some of which can be found here. Western Europe Great Britain Great Highland Bagpipe: the world's most commonly played bagpipe Some of these related instruments are:
- Bock (Czech)
- Cimpoi (Romanian)
- Duda (Hungarian/Polish)
- Koza (Polish)
- Diple (Dalmatian Coast)
- Mih (Istrian)
- Tulum (Turkish and Pontic)
- Tsambouna (Dodecanese and Cyclades)
- Askambandoura (Crete)
- Gajdy (Polish/Czech/Slovak)
- Gaita (Galician)
- Surle (Serbian/Croatian)
- Mezoued/Zukra (Northern Africa)
- Guda / Tulum (Laz people)
- Dankiyo, zimpona (Pontic)
- Parakapzuk (Armenia)
- Gudastvri (Georgia (country))
- Tsimboni (Georgia (country) )(Adjara)
- Shuvyr (Circassians )
- Sahbr, Shapar (Chuvashia)
- Tulug (Azerbaijan)
- Volynka(Ukrainian: Волинка), (Russian: Волынка) (Ukraine ,Russia)
- Zampogna(Italy)
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