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Official Gaeltacht regions in Ireland
Official Gaeltacht regions in Ireland

Gaeltacht (Irish pronunciation: [ˈɡeːɫ̪t̪ˠəxt̪ˠ]; plural Gaeltachtaí) is the Irish language word meaning an Irish-speaking region. Irish (ga ''Gaeilge'' is a Goidelic language of the Indo-European language family originating in Ireland and historically spoken by the Irish. In Ireland, The Gaeltacht, or An Ghaeltacht, refers to any of the districts where the government recognizes that the Irish language is the predominant language, that is, the vernacular spoken at home. Ireland ( Irish: Éire, ˈeːrʲə is a country in north-western Europe. Irish (ga ''Gaeilge'' is a Goidelic language of the Indo-European language family originating in Ireland and historically spoken by the Irish. Vernacular refers to the Native language of a country or a locality These districts were first officially recognised during the early years of the Irish Free State, after the Gaelic Revival, as part of government policy to restore the Irish language. The Irish Free State (Saorstát Éireann (1922&ndash1937 was the state established as a Dominion on 6 December 1922 under the Anglo-Irish Treaty, signed by For the Gaelic resurgence to overthrow English supremacy in the 14th-16th century see Gaelic resurgence.

The comparable Gaelic-speaking areas of Scotland are referred to in Scottish Gaelic as the Gàidhealtachd. Scottish Gaelic ( Gàidhlig) is a member of the Goidelic branch of Celtic languages. Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. The Gàidhealtachd /kɛːəɫtaxk/ ( Eng: Gaeldom) sometimes known as A' Ghàidhealtachd (Eng the Gàidhealtachd) usually refers to the

Contents

Boundaries

An Ghaeltacht 1926; areas of the island of Ireland which would have qualified for Gaeltacht status according to the recommendations of the first Comisiún na Gaeltachta
An Ghaeltacht 1926; areas of the island of Ireland which would have qualified for Gaeltacht status according to the recommendations of the first Comisiún na Gaeltachta
An Ghaeltacht 1956
An Ghaeltacht 1956

Although the Gaeltacht came into being in 1926 after the report of the first Coimisiún na Gaeltachta, the exact boundaries of that region were never accurately defined. Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world The Coimisiún na Gaeltachta (Gaeltacht Commission was an Irish government agency which worked from 2000 to 2002 to draft recommendations to strengthen the role of The quota at the time was 25%+ Irish-speaking, though in many cases status was given to areas that were linguistically weaker than this. The Irish Free State recognised that there were Irish-speaking or semi-Irish-speaking districts in 15 of its 26 counties. Although there were areas of Northern Ireland that would have qualified as being Gaeltacht districts (in 4 out of its 6 counties) the Northern Irish Government did not pass any such legislation, and indeed behaved in a way that was very hostile towards the language.

Another Coimisiún na Gaeltachta was established in the early 1950s, and it concluded that the Gaeltacht boundaries were ill-defined and recommended that the admittance of an area should be based solely on the strength of the language in the area. The Coimisiún na Gaeltachta (Gaeltacht Commission was an Irish government agency which worked from 2000 to 2002 to draft recommendations to strengthen the role of The Gaeltacht districts were initially defined precisely in the 1950s. Many areas which had winessed a decline in the language ceased to be part of the Gaeltacht. This left Gaeltacht areas in 7 of the state's 26 counties (nominally Donegal, Galway, Mayo, Kerry, Cork, and Waterford). County Donegal (ˌdʌnəˈgɔːl Irish: Contae Dhún na nGall. County Galway (Contae na Gaillimhe is located on the West Coast of Ireland. County Kerry ( Contae Chiarraí in Irish) is a southwestern county of Ireland. County Cork (Contae Chorcaí is the most southerly and the largest of the modern counties of Ireland. County Waterford (Contae Phort Láirge is a County in the province of Munster on the south coast of Ireland. The Gaeltacht boundaries have not officially been altered since then, apart from minor changes:

It is widely believed that, both in 1926 and 1956, many areas were added to the official Gaeltacht on a political, not a linguistic, basis.

In 2002 the third Coimisiún na Gaeltachta published its report (here) in which it was recommended, among many other things, that the boundaries of the official Gaeltacht should be redrawn. The Coimisiún na Gaeltachta (Gaeltacht Commission was an Irish government agency which worked from 2000 to 2002 to draft recommendations to strengthen the role of The Coimisiún recommended a comprehensive linguistic study of the Gaeltacht be established to accurately assess the vitality of the Irish language in the remaining Gaeltacht districts.

The study was undertaken by Acadamh na hOllscolaíochta Gaeilge (part of the National University of Ireland, Galway), and "Staidéar Cuimsitheach Teangeolaíoch ar Úsáid na Gaeilge sa Ghaeltacht" (A Comprehensive Linguistic Study of the Usage of Irish in the Gaeltacht) was published on 1 November 2007 (here). The National University of Ireland Galway ( NUI Galway) ( Irish Ollscoil na hÉireann Gaillimh or OÉ Gaillimh) is a tertiary-level Concerning Gaeltacht boundaries, it suggested creating three linguistic zones within the Gaeltacht region;

The report continued, suggesting Category A districts should be the State's priority in relation to providing services through Irish and development schemes, and that those areas which fell into Category C which would witness a further decline in the usage of Irish should lose their Gaeltacht status. The entire idea was thwarted by the Ireland's Minister for Community, Rural and Gaeltacht Affairs, Éamon Ó Cuív TD, saying that the Gaeltacht could not legally be split into zones. The Minister for Community Rural and Gaeltacht Affairs (Aire Gnóthaí Pobail Tuaithe agus Gaeltachta is the senior minister at the Department of Community Rural and Éamon Ó Cuív (born 23 June 1950 is an Irish Fianna Fáil politician and is currently the Minister for Community Rural & Gaeltacht Affairs. However the Minister failed to provide reasons why such legislation was out of the question.

Demographics

An Ghaeltacht 2007, zones within Category A
An Ghaeltacht 2007, zones within Category A

The current population of the Gaeltacht districts is approximately 91,862 (according to the 2006 Census in the Republic of Ireland) with major concentrations of Irish speakers in the western counties of Donegal, Mayo, Galway, Kerry, and Cork. County Donegal (ˌdʌnəˈgɔːl Irish: Contae Dhún na nGall. County Galway (Contae na Gaillimhe is located on the West Coast of Ireland. County Kerry ( Contae Chiarraí in Irish) is a southwestern county of Ireland. County Cork (Contae Chorcaí is the most southerly and the largest of the modern counties of Ireland. There are smaller concentrations in the counties of Waterford in the south and Meath in the east. County Waterford (Contae Phort Láirge is a County in the province of Munster on the south coast of Ireland. County Meath (Contae na Mí is a county in Ireland, often informally called The Royal County The Meath Gaeltacht, Ráth Cairn, came about when the government provided a house and 9 hectares (22 acres) for each of 41 families from Connemara and Mayo in the 1930s, in exchange for their original lands. ga '''Ráth Cairn''' (also ga ''Ráth Chairn'' Rathcarne or Rathcarran) is a small Gaeltacht ( Irish -speaking area in County Meath, Ireland Connemara (in Irish: Conamara) which derives from Conmhaicne Mara (meaning descendants of Con Mhac of the sea is a district in the west of It was not recognised as an official Gaeltacht area until 1967.

The Gaeltacht districts have historically suffered from mass emigration, be that to Dublin, Belfast, Cork, or further afield. This has changed somewhat in the past 20 years due to the change in the economic landscape of Ireland and the development of the Celtic tiger. Celtic Tiger (Tíogar Ceilteach is a name for the period of rapid Economic growth in the Republic of Ireland that began in the 1990s and slowed in 2001 The Gaeltacht population structure is not significantly different from other districts in Ireland in terms of age distribution. However, Gaeltacht areas are among the most remote in the state and tend to be areas of natural beauty. This however has backfired to a degree, as the area is now undergoing a period of immigration. This is having a negative impact on the vitaility of Irish in the area, as many of the people moving into the Gaeltacht either cannot speak Irish or do not speak the language. This is particularly the case in the Gaeltacht districts of County Galway, no more so than in the immediate vicinity of Galway city itself where the English-speaking city has quite literally extended into the surrounding Gaeltacht area. Many outsiders also have bought holiday homes in the area, resulting in an increase in the cost of property, which has subsequently priced many young Irish-speaking locals out of the market, forcing many of them to settle away from home (almost always in an English-speaking area).

Donegal Gaeltacht

The Donegal Gaeltacht has a population of 23,783 (Census 2006) and represents 25% of the total Gaeltacht population. County Donegal (ˌdʌnəˈgɔːl Irish: Contae Dhún na nGall. The Donegal Gaeltacht encompasses a geographical area of 1,502 km². This represents 26% of total Gaeltacht land area. The three parishes of the Rosses, Gweedore and Cloughaneely constitute the main centre of population of the Donegal Gaeltacht and with a population of just over 16,000, is considered to be the most rurally populated area in Europe. The Rosses (official name Na Rosa or Na Rosann, meaning "the headlands". Gweedore (official name Gaoth Dobhair) is an Irish -speaking district located on the Atlantic coast of County Donegal, Ireland. Cloughaneely (official name Cloch Cheann Fhaola) is a district in the west of County Donegal, Ireland. In 2006 there were 2,436 people employed in a full time capacity in Údarás na Gaeltachta client companies in the Donegal Gaeltacht. Údarás na Gaeltachta (The Gaeltacht Authority) refers to a regional state agency which is responsible for the economic, Social and cultural This region is particularly popular with students of the Ulster dialect, any each year thousands of students visit the area from Northern Ireland. Ulster Irish is the Dialect of the Irish language spoken in the province of Ulster. Northern Ireland (Tuaisceart Éireann Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann) is a Country within the United Kingdom, lying in the northeast of Donegal is unique in the Gaeltacht regions, as it accent and dialect is unmistakably northern in character. The language has many similarities with Scotish Gaelic, not evident in other Irish dialects. Historically the Gaeltacht area within County Donegal has included significant populations of both Protestants and Catholics, in common with the rest of the province of Ulster. Ulster ( Ulaidh ˈkwɪɟɪ ˈʌlˠu / ˈʌlˠi is one of the four provinces of Ireland, in addition to Connacht, Munster and Leinster

Gweedore (Gaoth Dobhair), in County Donegal is the largest Gaeltacht parish in Ireland, which is home to regional studios of Raidió na Gaeltachta and world-class musicians, such as Proinsias Ó Maonaigh, Altan, Moya Brennan, Enya, and Clannad, who were all brought up with Irish as their first language. Gweedore (official name Gaoth Dobhair) is an Irish -speaking district located on the Atlantic coast of County Donegal, Ireland. County Donegal (ˌdʌnəˈgɔːl Irish: Contae Dhún na nGall. RTÉ Raidió na Gaeltachta n̪ˠə ˈɡeːɫ̪t̪ˠəxt̪ˠə ( RnaG; Irish for Radio of the Gaeltacht) is the Irish-language Radio Proinsias Ó Maonaigh or Francie Mooney ( 1922 - March 28, 2006) was a Fiddler from Gaoth Dobhair, County Donegal Altan are an Irish Folk and traditional music group who originated in Gweedore, County Donegal. Máire Ní Bhraonáin, mˠaːrʲə nʲiː vɾˠiːn̪ˠaːn better known as Máire Brennan or Moya Brennan (born August 4, 1952, Gweedore Enya (born Eithne Patricia Ní Bhraonáin on May 17 1961, Gaoth Dobhair, County Donegal, Ireland, sometimes presented in Clannad are a Grammy Award -winning Irish musical group, from Gweedore ( Gaoth Dobhair) County Donegal. Irish (ga ''Gaeilge'' is a Goidelic language of the Indo-European language family originating in Ireland and historically spoken by the Irish.

Meath Gaeltacht

The Meath Gaeltacht is the smallest Gaeltacht area and consists of two adjacent villages of Rath Cairn and Baile Ghib. County Meath (Contae na Mí is a county in Ireland, often informally called The Royal County Navan, 8km from Baile Ghib, is the main centre within the region with a population of 20,000+. The Meath Gaeltacht has a population of 1,591 and represents 2% of total Gaeltacht population. The Meath Gaeltacht encompasses a geographical area of 44 km². This represents 1% of total Gaeltacht land area). The Gaeltacht of Royal Meath has a slightly different history than that of the country’s other Irish speaking regions. The two Gaeltachtai of Baile Ghib and Rathcairn are resettled communities, where the Irish government of the 1930s redistributed the vast estates of absentee landlords as small farm holdings to poor farmers from the Gaeltacht areas of Connemara, Mayo and Kerry. The aim was to redress a centuries old imbalance, where the Irish farmers were forcibly removed from this land by the English under Oliver Cromwell, with the infamous edict to ‘Hell or Connacht’. When the Irish farmers returned to the land in Meath, they brought with them their native language and culture, which today is greatly celebrated in the small Gaeltacht of Baile Ghib and Rath Cairn, 70 km from Dublin city.

Mayo Gaeltacht

The Mayo Gaeltacht has a total population of 10,868 (Census 2006) and represents 11. 5% of the total Gaeltacht population. The Mayo Gaeltacht encompasses a geographical area of 905 km². This represents 19% of the total Gaeltacht land area and comprises three distinct areas – Iorrais, Acaill and Tuar Mhic Éadaigh. Béal an Mhuirthead is the main town in the Mayo Gaeltacht and is located 72km from Ballina, 80km from Castlebar and 110km from Knock International Airport.

Galway Gaeltacht

The Galway Gaeltacht has a population of 40,052 and represents 47% of total Gaeltacht population. County Galway (Contae na Gaillimhe is located on the West Coast of Ireland. The Galway Gaeltacht encompasses a geographical area of 1,225 km². This represents 26% of total Gaeltacht land area. The largest settlement areas are An Spidéal and An Cheathrú Rua. An Cheathrú Rua is located 48 km west of Galway City, An Spidéal is located 19 km west of Galway City.

Kerry Gaeltacht

The Kerry Gaeltacht consists of two distinct areas – Corca Dhuibhne and Uíbh Ráthach. County Kerry ( Contae Chiarraí in Irish) is a southwestern county of Ireland. The largest settlement in Corca Dhuibhne is An Daingean and Baile an Sceilg in Uíbh Ráthach. The Kerry Gaeltacht has a population of 8,695 and represents 9% of total Gaeltacht population. The Kerry Gaeltacht encompasses a geographical area of 642 km². This represents 9% of total Gaeltacht area.

Cork/Waterford Gaeltacht

The Cork Gaeltacht, or Múscraí as it is known locally, has a population of 3,530 people and represents 4% of the total Gaeltacht population. County Cork (Contae Chorcaí is the most southerly and the largest of the modern counties of Ireland. The Cork Gaeltacht encompasses a geographical area of 262 km². This represents 6% of the total Gaeltacht area. The largest settlements are in the villages of Baile Mhic Íre/Baile Bhuirne and Béal Átha an Ghaorthaidh. Also located off the coast of West Cork lies the Gaeltacht island - Cléire (Cape Clear Island)

Six miles west of Dún Garbhán (Dungarvan) lies the small coastal Gaeltacht area of Waterford, this Gaeltacht region embraces the Parish of Rinn Ua gCuanach (Ring) and An Sean Phobal (Old Parish). County Waterford (Contae Phort Láirge is a County in the province of Munster on the south coast of Ireland. The Waterford Gaeltacht has a population of 1,454 people and represents 2% of total Gaeltacht population. The Waterford Gaeltacht encompasses a geographical area of 62 km². This represents 1% of total Gaeltacht area.

Administration

The Department of Community, Rural and Gaeltacht Affairs, under the leadership of the Minister for Community, Rural & Gaeltacht Affairs, is responsible for the overall Irish Government policy with respect to the Gaeltacht, and supervises the work of the Údarás na Gaeltachta and other bodies. The Department of Community Rural and Gaeltacht Affairs (An Roinn Gnóthaí Pobail Tuaithe agus Gaeltachta is a department of the Government of Ireland. The Minister for Community Rural and Gaeltacht Affairs (Aire Gnóthaí Pobail Tuaithe agus Gaeltachta is the senior minister at the Department of Community Rural and The Government of Ireland (Rialtas na hÉireann n̪ˠə ˈheːɾʲən̪ˠ is the Cabinet that exercises executive authority in Ireland. Údarás na Gaeltachta (The Gaeltacht Authority) refers to a regional state agency which is responsible for the economic, Social and cultural Raidió na Gaeltachta is the RTÉ radio station serving the Gaeltacht and Irish speakers generally. RTÉ Raidió na Gaeltachta n̪ˠə ˈɡeːɫ̪t̪ˠəxt̪ˠə ( RnaG; Irish for Radio of the Gaeltacht) is the Irish-language Radio This article is about radio broadcasting for other uses see Radio (disambiguation. TG4 is the television station which is focused on promoting the Irish language and is based in the County Galway Gaeltacht. TG4 ( Spoken as TG Ceathair or TG a Ceathair; tiː dʒiː kʲahəɾʲ is a Television channel in Ireland, aimed A television station is a type of broadcast station that broadcasts both audio and Video to Television receivers in a particular area County Galway (Contae na Gaillimhe is located on the West Coast of Ireland.

Traffic sign, meaning "Give Way" or "Yield", in County Waterford
Traffic sign, meaning "Give Way" or "Yield", in County Waterford

In March 2005, Irish Gaeltacht Affairs Minister Éamon Ó Cuív announced that the government of Ireland would begin listing only the Irish language versions of place names in the Gaeltachts as the official names, stripping the official Ordnance Survey of their English equivalents, to bring them up to date with roadsigns in the Gaeltacht, which have been in Irish only since 1970. Most countries post signage known as traffic signs or road signs, at the side of Roads to County Waterford (Contae Phort Láirge is a County in the province of Munster on the south coast of Ireland. The Minister for Community Rural and Gaeltacht Affairs (Aire Gnóthaí Pobail Tuaithe agus Gaeltachta is the senior minister at the Department of Community Rural and Éamon Ó Cuív (born 23 June 1950 is an Irish Fianna Fáil politician and is currently the Minister for Community Rural & Gaeltacht Affairs. Irish (ga ''Gaeilge'' is a Goidelic language of the Indo-European language family originating in Ireland and historically spoken by the Irish. Ordnance Survey Ireland (OSi Irish: Suirbhéireacht Ordanáis Éireann) is the mapping agency in the Republic of Ireland and together with the Ordnance This was done under a Placenames Order made under the Official Languages Act. The Official Languages Act 2003 (or in Irish Acht na dTeangacha Oifigiúla 2003(the " OLA " is an Act of the Oireachtas of Ireland.

Irish colleges

Irish colleges are residential Irish language summer courses that give students the opportunity to be totally immersed in the language, usually for periods of three weeks over the summer months. Irish (ga ''Gaeilge'' is a Goidelic language of the Indo-European language family originating in Ireland and historically spoken by the Irish. During these courses students attend classes and participate in a variety of different activities games, music, art and sport. Not only do these courses provide students with the ability to improve their language skills but they have also proved to be a vehicle for introducing traditional cultural activities (céilís, Irish traditional music etc. A céilidh ( (in modern usage is a traditional Gaelic social Dance originating in Ireland and Scotland, but now common throughout the The folk music of Ireland (also known as Irish traditional music, Irish trad, Irish folk music, and other variants is the generic term for music that has ) to a new generation.

As with the conventional school set-up The Department of Education establishes the boundaries for class size and qualifications required by teachers. Some courses are college based and others are based with host families in Gaeltacht areas such as Ros Muc in Galway and Ráth Cairn in Co. Ros Muc (Rosmuck is a village in the heart of the Conamara Gaeltacht (Irish-speaking area of County Galway, Ireland, halfway between the town ga '''Ráth Cairn''' (also ga ''Ráth Chairn'' Rathcarne or Rathcarran) is a small Gaeltacht ( Irish -speaking area in County Meath, Ireland Meath under the careful eye of the bean an tí. In the Republic of Ireland a Bean an Tí (bɶn ɑn ti plural Mna Tí, is a landlady taking in students who wish to learn Irish

Gaeltacht towns and villages

County English name Irish name
County Donegal Arranmore Árainn Mhór
Gweedore Gaoth Dobhair
Glencolmcille Gleann Cholm Cille
Gortahork Gort a' Choirce
Downings Na Dúnaibh
Tory Island Oileán Toraigh
Rannafast Rann na Feirste
County Mayo Carrowteige Ceathrú Thaidhg
Aughleam Eachléim
Tourmakeady Tuar Mhic Éadaigh
County Galway Inishmore Árainn
Costelloe Casla
Carraroe An Cheathrú Rua
Kilkieran Cill Chiaráin
Kilronan Cill Rónáin
Cornamona Corr na Móna
Inverin Indreabhán
Inishmaan Inis Meáin
Inisheer Inis Oírr
Lettermore Leitir Móir
Aran Islands Oileáin Árann
Rossaveal Ros an Mhíl
Rosmuck Ros Muc
Spiddal An Spidéal
County Kerry Ballyferriter Baile an Fheirtéaraigh
Ballinskelligs Baile na Sceilge
Ventry Ceann Trá
Lispole Lios Póil
Dingle An Daingean
Dunquin Dún Chaoin
Feothanach An Fheothanach
County Cork Ballyvourney Baile Bhuirne
Ballingeary Béal Átha an Ghaorthaidh
Coolea Cúil Aodha
Kilnamartyra Cill na Martra
Cape Clear Island Oileán Chléire
County Waterford Ring An Rinn
County Meath Rathcarne Ráth Cairn

See also

References

External links

Ulster Irish is the Dialect of the Irish language spoken in the province of Ulster. Connacht Irish is the Dialect of the Irish language spoken in the province of Connacht. Munster Irish is the Dialect of the Irish language spoken in the province of Munster. Údarás na Gaeltachta (The Gaeltacht Authority) refers to a regional state agency which is responsible for the economic, Social and cultural Y Fro Gymraeg (literally 'The Welsh Language Area' is a name often used to refer to the linguistic area in Wales where the Welsh language is maintained by the majority Welsh ( cy Cymraeg or cy y Gymraeg, kəmˈrɑːɨɡ and {{IPA|[ə ɡəmˈrɑːɨɡ]}}, is a member of the Brythonic branch of Celtic Gaeltacht Bhaile na hÉireann or the Permanent North American Gaeltacht (Gaeltacht Bhuan Mheiriceá Thuaidh is a designated Irish -speaking area in Gaeltacht Bhaile na hÉireann or the Permanent North American Gaeltacht (Gaeltacht Bhuan Mheiriceá Thuaidh is a designated Irish -speaking area in

Dictionary

Gaeltacht

-noun

  1. (Ireland) An officially recognised area where the Irish language is the predominant language in daily use.
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