Gabriel Bonnot de Mably (Grenoble, March 14, 1709 – April 2, 1785 in Paris), sometimes known as Abbé de Mably, was a French philosopher and politician. Grenoble is a city and commune in south-east France situated at the foot of the Alps where the Drac joins the Isère River. Events 1489 - The Queen of Cyprus, Catherine Cornaro, sells her kingdom to Venice. Year 1709 ( MDCCIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Events 68 - Galba, Governor of Hispania, names himself legatus senatus populique Romani, breaking the line of Year 1785 ( MDCCLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Philosophy is the study of general problems concerning matters such as existence knowledge truth beauty justice validity mind and language A politician (from Greek " Polis " is an individual who is involved in influencing public decision making through the influence of Politics or a person He was born in Grenoble of a legal family, and, like his younger brother, the well-known philosopher, Étienne Bonnot de Condillac (September 30, 1715 – August 3, 1780), took holy orders. Grenoble is a city and commune in south-east France situated at the foot of the Alps where the Drac joins the Isère River. Étienne Bonnot de Condillac (30 September 1715 - 3 August 1780 was a French Philosopher.
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Background
He was one of the 18th century's most popular writers but largely passed into obscurity in the 20th century. The 18th century lasted from 1701 to 1800 in the Gregorian calendar, in accordance with the Anno Domini / Common Era numbering system The twentieth century of the Common Era began on His works contributed to the later concepts of both communism and republicanism. Communism is a Socioeconomic structure that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless Society based Republicanism is the Ideology of governing a nation as a Republic, with an emphasis on Liberty, Rule of law, Popular sovereignty His most known contribution is Entretiens de Phocion, a dialogue first published in 1763, which introduced themes of his mature thought. A dialogue (sometimes spelled dialog) is a reciprocal Conversation between two or more entities. Year 1763 ( MDCCLXIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a However, there are two works published posthumously which subsequently were to have a profound effect on the early deliberations on the assembly of the Estates-General in 1789 - an enlarged version of an earlier work (1765) 'Histoire de France'and 'Des droits et des devoirs du citoyen', written in 1758 but Mably held back the manuscript from publication and arranged for his executor to have it published after his death. It appeared in May,1789 to great acclaim despite efforts by the authorities to suppress it by confiscating many copies. Unfortunately the way the Revolution was conducted later led to the very circumstances that Mably warned against in his book.
Writings
Mably's writings contain a paradox: an admiration of the elitist Plato, combined with an enlightened Stoic belief in natural human equality. A paradox is a true statement or group of statements that leads to a Contradiction or a situation which defies intuition; or inversely Elitism is the belief or attitude that those individuals who are considered members of the Elite &mdash a select group of people with outstanding personal abilities intellect Biography Early life Birth and family Plato was born in Athens Greece Stoicism, a school of Hellenistic philosophy, was founded in Athens by Zeno of Citium in the early third century BC Mably went beyond the Stoic concept that all men possess a divine spark, and beyond the liberal belief in equality before the law, insisting on the equality of needs. Vitalism, as defined by the Merriam-Webster dictionary is a doctrine that the functions of a living organism are due to a vital principle distinct from physicochemical Equality before the law or equality under the law or legal egalitarianism is the principle under which each individual is subject to the same laws with no individual He believed that virtue was far more important than material wealth. Virtue ( Latin virtus; Greek) is moral Excellence. Personal virtues are characteristics valued as promoting individual Wealth derives from the old English word "weal" which means "well-being His position toward human equality was uncompromising, his arguments against the unproductive and lazy found sympathy with those individuals who resented the wealth and privilege of unworking nobility. Nobility is a government-privileged title which may be either hereditary (see Hereditary titles) or for a lifetime He proposed the abolition of private property so that people's antisocial or egotistical instincts would not overcome their inclinations to sympathy and altruism.
Mably's complete works were published in 15 volumes in 1794-1795, with an obituary/biography by Gabriel Brizard. Gabriel Brizard (c 1744 &ndash 23 January 1793) often known as Abbé Brizard, and sometimes by the pen-name Gallophile (lover of France was
List of 18 published works by Gabriel Bonnot de Mably (1709 - 1785) Parallèle des Romains et des François par rapport au governement (1740) Lettres à Madame la Marquise de P. . . sur l’Opéra (1741) Le droit public de l’Europe fondé sur les traités conclus jusqu’en l’année 1740 (1746) Observations sur les Grecs (1749) Observations sur les Romains (1751) Des principes des négociations pour servir au Droit public fondé sur les traités@ (1757) Entretiens de Phocion, sur l’introduction de la morale avec la politique, traduits du grec de Nicoclès, avec des remarques (1763) Réponse de M. Abbé de Mably à M. Abbé Rome (1764) Observations sur l’histoire de France, Books I - IV (1765) Observations sur l’histoire de la Grèce, ou Des causes de la Prospérité et des malheurs des Grecs (1766) Doutes proposées aux philosophes économistes sur l’ Ordre naturel et essentiel des sociétés politiques (1768) Du commerce des grains (1775) De l’étude de l’histoire à Monseigneur le prince de Parme Tome XVI du cours d’études pour l’instruction du Prince de Parme, aujourd’hui S. A. R. l’Infant D. Ferdinand, duc de Parme, Plaisance, Gasuelle etc. par M. l’Abbé de Condillac (1775) De la législation, ou Principes des lois (1776) Du gouvernement et des lois de la Pologne (1771 or 1776 ?) De la manière d’écrire l’histoire (1783) Principes de morale (1784) Observations sur le gouvernement et les lois des États-Unis d’Amérique (1784) Posthumous publications of individual works - 1786 until 1794 Observations sur l’histoire de France, nouvelle édition précédée de l’éloge historique de L’auteur par M. l’abbé Brizard (1788) De la situation politique en Pologne en 1776 Le Banquet des politiques De l’étude de la politique Des maladies politiques et de leur traitement Des droits et des devoirs du citoyen (1789,reprinted in 1793, but written in 1758) Du commerce des grains De la superstition Notre gloire et nos rêves De la paix d’Allemagne De la mort de l’impératrice-reine L’oracle d’Apollon Des talens Du beau Du développement, des progrès et des bornes de la raison Le compte rendu La retraite de M. Necker Du cours et de la marche des passions dans la société Posthumous Complete works to 1795 Œuvres complètes de l’Abbé Mably précédées nouvelle édition précédée de l’éloge historique de l’auteur par M. l’abbé Brizard, 12 vol. , slightly incomplete London edition (1789)
Œuvres complètes de l’abbé Mably, 19 vol. , Toulouse (Sens) & Nîmes (Gaude) edition), (1791)
Œuvres complètes de l’abbé Mably, nouvelle édition; revue, corrigée et augmentée, 19 vols. Toulouse (Sens) & Nîmes (Gaudeedition), (1793) Collection complète des œuvres de l’abbé Mably, 15 vols. Paris edition (Desbrières), (1794/1795) more complete than previous editions. Recent Translations in English by Simon de Vries Concerning the Rights & Duties of the Citizen - published January 2008 Letters to Madame the Marquess of P . . . . on the Opera awaiting publication.
Further reading
- Johnson Kent Wright, A Classical Republican in Eighteenth-Century France: The Political Thought of Mably (Stanford University Press, 1997).
- Mably's work is catalogued at the French National Library
External links
- The French Revolution and the Socialist Tradition: Early French Communists
- Conversations with Phocion: the political thought of Mably, History of Political Thought, 1992, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 391-415(25), JK Wright, abstract only
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