Kingdom of France
Structure
Estates of the realm Parlements French nobility Taille Gabelle Seigneurial system

The following article is about a tax. The Ancien Régime, a French term rendered in English as “Old Rule” “Old Kingdom” or simply “Old Regime” refers primarily to the aristocratic The Estates of the realm were the broad divisions of society usually distinguishing Nobility, Clergy, and Commoners recognized in the Middle Ages This article is for the Ancien Régime institution For the post-Revolutionary and present-day institution see French Parliament. The Nobility (la noblesse in France, in the Middle Ages and the Early Modern period had specific legal and financial rights and Taille was also a name used in the time of Johann Sebastian Bach for the Baroque Cor anglais. This article is about the medieval system "Manors" redirects here If you are looking for information about a literary character, see A Tale of Two Cities. A Tale of Two Cities (1859 is the second Historical novel by Charles Dickens, set in London and Paris before and during the

The gabelle was a very unpopular tax on salt in France before 1790. Salt is a Dietary mineral composed primarily of Sodium chloride that is essential for Animal life but toxic to most land plants This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Year 1790 ( MDCCXC) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year The term gabelle derives from the Latin term gabulum (a tax). Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome.

In France, Gabelle was originally applied to taxes on all commodities, but was gradually limited to the tax on salt. A commodity is anything for which there is demand but which is supplied without qualitative differentiation across a market Salt is a Dietary mineral composed primarily of Sodium chloride that is essential for Animal life but toxic to most land plants In time it became one of the most hated and most grossly unequal taxes in the country, but, though condemned by all supporters of reform, it was not abolished until 1790. Year 1790 ( MDCCXC) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year First imposed as a temporary expedient in 1286 in the reign of Philip IV, it was made a permanent tax by Charles V. Charles V ( 21 January 1338 – 16 September 1380) called the Wise, was King of France from 1364 to his death and a member Repressive as a state monopoly, it was made doubly so from the fact that the government obliged every individual above the age of eight years to purchase weekly a minimum amount of salt at a fixed price. When first instituted, it was levied uniformly on all the provinces in France, but for the greater part of its history the price varied in different provinces. There were six distinct groups of provinces, who were called pays (lit. "countries"; to be understood as an obsolete word for "region"), and classified as follows:

1. the Pays de grandes gabelles, in which the salt came from the Atlantic and the tax was heaviest: between about 54 and 61 livres for a minot, that is to say about 50 Kilograms of salt, in 1789;
2. the Pays de petites gabelles, in which the salt came from the Mediterranean and the tax was about half the rate of the former: between 22 and 30 livres for a minot;
3. the Pays de quart-bouillon, such as the coast of Normandy, Provence or Roussillon, in which salt came from boiling sea-salt impregnated sand, a fourth of which production went to the king, and prices ranged from 13 to 27 livres for a minot;
4. the Pays de salines (Franche-Comté, Alsace and Lorraine), in which the tax was levied on the salt extracted from the salt marshes, and prices for a minot varying from 15 livres (Franche-Comté) to between 12 and 36 livres in the numerous fiscal divisions of the Alsace-Lorraine;
5. the Pays redimés, which had purchased redemption in 1549: the minot of salt could be found there for about between 8 and 11 livres;
6. the Pays exempts, which had stipulated for exemption on entering into union with the kingdom of France; there, minot of salt would cost only between 1 and 8 livres. See also Minot (disambiguation The minot is an old unit of dry Volume, used in France prior to Metrication. See also Minot (disambiguation The minot is an old unit of dry Volume, used in France prior to Metrication. Normandy (Normandie Norman: Normaundie) is a geographical region corresponding to the former Duchy of Normandy. Provence ( Provençal Occitan: Provença in classical norm or Prouvènço in Mistralian norm is a region of southeastern France Roussillon ( French: Roussillon, ʀusiˈjɔ̃ Catalan: Rosselló, pronounced; Spanish: Rosellón, pronounced) is See also Minot (disambiguation The minot is an old unit of dry Volume, used in France prior to Metrication. Franche-Comté ( Franc-Comtois: Fràntche-Comté; Franco-Provençal: Franche-Comtât) the former "Free County" of Burgundy Alsace (Alsace alzas Alsatian and Elsass pre-1996 German: Elsaß; Alsatia is one of the 26 Regions of France, located on the eastern Lorraine (Lorraine Lothringen is a historical area in present-day northeast France. See also Minot (disambiguation The minot is an old unit of dry Volume, used in France prior to Metrication. See also Minot (disambiguation The minot is an old unit of dry Volume, used in France prior to Metrication. See also Minot (disambiguation The minot is an old unit of dry Volume, used in France prior to Metrication.

Greniers à sel (salt granaries dating from 1342) were established in each province, and to these all salt had to be taken by the producer on penalty of confiscation. The grenier fixed the price which it paid for the salt and then sold it to retail dealers at a higher rate.

The important differences in cost between various pays clearly show the reason behind the active contraband of salt that took place in France until the gabelle was abolished. The obvious idea was to buy salt in a region where it was cheap and to sell it under the coat in regions where it was expensive, at a higher price, but still less than the legal price. Such smugglers were called faux-sauniers, from faux ("false") and the root sau-, referring to salt. In turn, the customs guards tasked with arresting the faux-sauniers were nicknamed gabelous, a term obviously derived from the gabelle they sought to uphold. Faux-sauniers were sentenced to the galleys if they were caught without weapons, and to death if caught with weapons. A galley (from Greek γαλέα - galea is an ancient Ship which can be propelled entirely by human oarsmen, used for Warfare

In 1675, the red bonnets in Brittany rebelled against the gabelle. Brittany (Breizh bʁejs Bretagne; Gallo: Bertaèyn) is a former independent Celtic kingdom and Duchy, now incorporated into They expressed a list of demands in a document known as the peasant code. In this document, the gabelle was personified, as was common in this age, especially with death and plague. Personification is an ontological metaphor in which a thing or abstraction is represented as a person Death is the termination of the biological functions that define living Organisms It refers both to a specific

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