|
|
| Identifiers |
| Symbol |
KCNJ6 |
| Alt. The Entrez Global Query Cross-Database Search System is a powerful Federated search engine or Web portal that allows users to search many discrete Health sciences The Human Genome Organisation (HUGO is an organization involved in the Human Genome Project, a project about mapping the human genome The Mendelian Inheritance in Man project is a Database that catalogues all the known Diseases with a genetic component, and—when possible—links them The National Center for Biotechnology Information ( NCBI) is part of the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM a branch of the National Institutes Swiss-Prot is a manually curated Biological database of Protein sequences In the fields of Genetics and Evolutionary computation, a locus (plural loci) is a fixed position on a Chromosome such as the position of a Chromosome 2 is one of the 23 pairs of Chromosomes in Humans People normally have two copies of this chromosome Potassium inwardly-rectifying channel subfamily J member 6, also known as KCNJ6 or Kir3 Potassium inwardly-rectifying channel subfamily J member 6, also known as KCNJ6 or Kir3 Symbols |
KCNJ7, Kir3. 2, GIRK2, KATP2, BIR1, hiGIRK2 |
| Entrez |
3763 |
| HUGO |
6267 |
| OMIM |
600877 |
| RefSeq |
NM_002240 |
| UniProt |
P48051 |
| Other data |
| Locus |
Chr. 21 q22.1 |
|
|
| Identifiers |
| Symbol |
KCNJ9 |
| Alt. The Entrez Global Query Cross-Database Search System is a powerful Federated search engine or Web portal that allows users to search many discrete Health sciences The Human Genome Organisation (HUGO is an organization involved in the Human Genome Project, a project about mapping the human genome The Mendelian Inheritance in Man project is a Database that catalogues all the known Diseases with a genetic component, and—when possible—links them The National Center for Biotechnology Information ( NCBI) is part of the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM a branch of the National Institutes Swiss-Prot is a manually curated Biological database of Protein sequences In the fields of Genetics and Evolutionary computation, a locus (plural loci) is a fixed position on a Chromosome such as the position of a Chromosome 21 is one of the 23 pairs of Chromosomes in Humans People normally have two copies of this chromosome Potassium inwardly-rectifying channel subfamily J member 9, also known as KCNJ9, is a human Gene. Potassium inwardly-rectifying channel subfamily J member 9, also known as KCNJ9, is a human Gene. Symbols |
Kir3. 3, GIRK3 |
| Entrez |
3765 |
| HUGO |
6270 |
| OMIM |
600932 |
| RefSeq |
NM_004983 |
| UniProt |
Q92806 |
| Other data |
| Locus |
Chr. 1 q23.2 |
|
|
| Identifiers |
| Symbol |
KCNJ5 |
| Alt. The Entrez Global Query Cross-Database Search System is a powerful Federated search engine or Web portal that allows users to search many discrete Health sciences The Human Genome Organisation (HUGO is an organization involved in the Human Genome Project, a project about mapping the human genome The Mendelian Inheritance in Man project is a Database that catalogues all the known Diseases with a genetic component, and—when possible—links them The National Center for Biotechnology Information ( NCBI) is part of the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM a branch of the National Institutes Swiss-Prot is a manually curated Biological database of Protein sequences In the fields of Genetics and Evolutionary computation, a locus (plural loci) is a fixed position on a Chromosome such as the position of a Chromosome 1 is the designation for the largest Human Chromosome. Potassium inwardly-rectifying channel subfamily J member 5, also known as KCNJ5 or Kir3 Potassium inwardly-rectifying channel subfamily J member 5, also known as KCNJ5 or Kir3 Symbols |
Kir3. 4, CIR, KATP1, GIRK4 |
| Entrez |
3762 |
| HUGO |
6266 |
| OMIM |
600734 |
| RefSeq |
NM_000890 |
| UniProt |
P48544 |
| Other data |
| Locus |
Chr. 11 q24 |
The G protein-coupled inwardly-rectifying potassium channels (GIRKs) are a family of inward-rectifier potassium ion channels which are activated (opened) via a signal transduction cascade starting with ligand stimulated G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The Entrez Global Query Cross-Database Search System is a powerful Federated search engine or Web portal that allows users to search many discrete Health sciences The Human Genome Organisation (HUGO is an organization involved in the Human Genome Project, a project about mapping the human genome The Mendelian Inheritance in Man project is a Database that catalogues all the known Diseases with a genetic component, and—when possible—links them The National Center for Biotechnology Information ( NCBI) is part of the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM a branch of the National Institutes Swiss-Prot is a manually curated Biological database of Protein sequences In the fields of Genetics and Evolutionary computation, a locus (plural loci) is a fixed position on a Chromosome such as the position of a Chromosome 11 is one of the 23 pairs of Chromosomes in Humans People normally have two copies of this chromosome Inwardly rectifing potassium channels ( Kir, IRK) are a specific subset of potassium selective ion channels. In Biology, signal transduction refers to any process by which a cell converts one kind of signal or stimulus into another In Biochemistry, a ligand ( latin ligare = to bind is a substance that is able to bind to and form a complex with a Biomolecule G protein-coupled receptors ( GPCRs) also known as seven transmembrane domain receptors, 7TM receptors, heptahelical receptors, and [1][2] GPCRs in turn release activated G-protein βγ subunits (Gβγ) from inactive heterotrimeric G protein complexes (Gαβγ). GTP chemical structurepng|thumb|180px| Guanosine triphosphate]] G proteins short for guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, are a family of Proteins involved "G protein" usually refers to the membrane-associated heterotrimeric G proteins, sometimes referred to as the "large" G proteins. "G protein" usually refers to the membrane-associated heterotrimeric G proteins, sometimes referred to as the "large" G proteins. Finally the Gβγ dimeric protein interacts with GIRK channels to open them so that they become permeable to potassium ions resulting in depolarization of the cell.
Subtypes
| protein |
gene |
aliases |
| GIRK1 |
KCNJ3 |
Kir3. Potassium inwardly-rectifying channel subfamily J member 3, also known as KCNJ3 or Kir3 1 |
| GIRK2 |
KCNJ6 |
Kir3. Potassium inwardly-rectifying channel subfamily J member 6, also known as KCNJ6 or Kir3 2 |
| GIRK3 |
KCNJ9 |
Kir3. Potassium inwardly-rectifying channel subfamily J member 9, also known as KCNJ9, is a human Gene. 3 |
| GIRK4 |
KCNJ5 |
Kir3. Potassium inwardly-rectifying channel subfamily J member 5, also known as KCNJ5 or Kir3 4 |
Examples
A wide variety of G-protein coupled receptors activate GIRKs including the M2-muscarinic, A1-adenosine, α2-adrenergic, D2-dopamine, μ- δ-, and κ-opioid, 5-HT1A serotonin, somatostatin, galanin, m-Glu, GABAB, and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors. The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2, also known as the cholinergic receptor muscarinic 2, is a Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor. The adenosine A1 receptor is one member of the Adenosine receptor group of G protein-coupled receptors with Adenosine as Endogenous The α2 receptor is a type of Adrenergic receptor. Effect The α2 receptor has several general functions in common with other α-receptors but also Dopamine receptor D2, also known as DRD2, is a Protein that is a receptor The μ opioid receptors (MOR are a class of Opioid The δ-opioid receptors, also known as delta opioid receptor or simply delta receptor, abbreviated DOR, is an Opioid receptor that has The κ-Opioid receptor is a type of Opioid receptor which binds the peptide opioid Dynorphin as the primary Endogenous ligand. Opioid receptors are a group of G-protein coupled receptors with Opioids as Ligands The Endogenous Opioids are Dynorphins 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin receptor 1A is a 5-HT1 receptor. There are five known Somatostatin receptors: SST1 ( SST2 ( SST3 The galanin receptor is a G protein-coupled receptor, or Metabotropic receptor which binds Galanin. The metabotropic glutamate receptors, or mGluR s are a type of Glutamate receptor which are active through an indirect metabotropic process GABAB receptors (GABABR are Metabotropic Transmembrane receptors for Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA that are linked via G-proteins The Lysophospholipid receptor (LPL-R group are members of the G protein-coupled receptor family of Integral membrane proteins that are important for Lipid signaling [2]
Examples of GIRKs include a subset of potassium channels in the heart which when activated by parasympathetic signals such as acetylcholine through M2 muscarinic receptors, causes an outward current of potassium which slows down the heart rate. The parasympathetic Nervous system ( PSNS) is a division of the Autonomic nervous system (ANS along with the Sympathetic nervous system The Chemical compound acetylcholine (often abbreviated ACh) is a Neurotransmitter in both the Peripheral nervous system (PNS and Central The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2, also known as the cholinergic receptor muscarinic 2, is a Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor. Measuring heart rate The Pulse rate (which in most people is identical to the heart rate can be measured at any point on the body where an Artery 's pulsation [3][4] These are called muscarinic potassium channels (IKACh) and are heterotetramers comprised of two GIRK1 and two GIRK4 subunits. Potassium inwardly-rectifying channel subfamily J member 3, also known as KCNJ3 or Kir3 Potassium inwardly-rectifying channel subfamily J member 5, also known as KCNJ5 or Kir3 [5][6]
References
- ^ Dascal N (1997). "Signalling via the G protein-activated K+ channels". Cell. Signal. 9 (8): 551–73. doi:10.1016/S0898-6568(97)00095-8. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document. PMID 9429760.
- ^ a b Yamada M, Inanobe A, Kurachi Y (1998). "G protein regulation of potassium ion channels". Pharmacol. Rev. 50 (4): 723–60. PMID 9860808.
- ^ Kunkel MT, Peralta EG (1995). "Identification of domains conferring G protein regulation on inward rectifier potassium channels". Cell 83 (3): 443–9. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(95)90122-1. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document. PMID 8521474.
- ^ Wickman K, Krapivinsky G, Corey S, Kennedy M, Nemec J, Medina I, Clapham DE (1999). "Structure, G protein activation, and functional relevance of the cardiac G protein-gated K+ channel, IKACh". Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 868: 386–98. PMID 10414308.
- ^ Krapivinsky G, Gordon EA, Wickman K, Velimirović B, Krapivinsky L, Clapham DE (1995). "The G-protein-gated atrial K+ channel IKACh is a heteromultimer of two inwardly rectifying K+-channel proteins". Nature 374 (6518): 135–41. doi:10.1038/374135a0. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document. PMID 7877685.
- ^ Corey S, Krapivinsky G, Krapivinsky L, Clapham DE (1998). "Number and stoichiometry of subunits in the native atrial G-protein-gated K+ channel, IKACh". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (9): 5271–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.9.5271. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document. PMID 9478984.
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