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GSM-R (GSM-Railway) is an international communication standard for railway communication and applications. "Railroad" and "Railway" both redirect here For other uses see Railroad (disambiguation.

Contents

GSM-R technology

Definition

GSM-R (Global System for Mobile communications - Railway) is a sub-system of ERTMS (European Rail Traffic Management System). The European Rail Traffic Management System (ERTMS is an EU -backed initiative to enhance cross-border interoperability and Signalling procurement by creating a single

GSM-R is a wireless communications platform developed specifically for railway communication and applications. Wireless communication is the transfer of information over a distance without the use of electrical conductors or " Wires quot "Railroad" and "Railway" both redirect here For other uses see Railroad (disambiguation. It is mainly used to permit communication between train and railway regulation control centers. It is based on GSM. GSM ( Global System for Mobile communications: originally from Groupe Spécial Mobile) is the most popular standard for Mobile phones in the

EIRENE - MORANE specifications guarantee performance at speeds up to 500 km/h (310 mph), without any communication loss.

History

GSM-R transmitter mast at the Nuremberg–Ingolstadt high-speed railway line
GSM-R transmitter mast at the Nuremberg–Ingolstadt high-speed railway line

GSM-R is built on GSM technology, and benefits from the economies of scale of its GSM technology heritage, aiming at being a cost efficient digital replacement for existing incompatible in-track cable and analogue railway radio networks. GSM ( Global System for Mobile communications: originally from Groupe Spécial Mobile) is the most popular standard for Mobile phones in the Over 35 different such systems are reported to exist in Europe alone.

The standard is the result of over ten years of collaboration between the various European railway companies, with the goal of achieving interoperability using a single communication platform. "Railroad" and "Railway" both redirect here For other uses see Railroad (disambiguation. GSM-R is part of the new European Rail Traffic Management System (ERTMS) standard and carries the signalling information directly to the train driver, enabling higher train speeds and traffic density with a high level of safety. The European Rail Traffic Management System (ERTMS is an EU -backed initiative to enhance cross-border interoperability and Signalling procurement by creating a single

The specifications were finalized in 2000, based on the EU-funded MORANE (Mobile Radio for Railways Networks in Europe) project. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in The specification is being maintained by the International Union of Railways project ERTMS. The International Union of Railways &ndash more generally known as the UIC, from its French name Union Internationale des Chemins de fer &ndash is an GSM-R has been selected by 38 countries across the world, including all member states of the European Union, and countries in Asia, Eurasia and northern Africa. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in

GSM-R is a secure platform for voice and data communication between railway operational staff, including drivers, dispatchers, shunting team members, train engineers, and station controllers. It delivers features such as group calls (VGCS), voice broadcast (VBS), location-based connections, and call pre-emption in case of an emergency. The Voice Group Call Service ( VGCS) is a mobile communication service for GSM, that allows subscribers to communicate to multiple other subscribers at the same time This will support applications such as cargo tracking, video surveillance in trains and at stations, and passenger information services. Closed-circuit television ( CCTV) is the use of Video cameras to transmit a signal to a specific place limited set of monitors

GSM-R is typically implemented using dedicated base station towers close to the railway. The term base station can be used in the context of Land surveying, Wireless computer networking, and Wireless communications. The distance between the base stations is 3-4 km. This creates a high degree of redundancy and higher availability and reliability. The train maintains a circuit switched digital modem connection to the train control centre at all times. In Telecommunications a circuit switching network is one that establishes a fixed bandwidth circuit (or channel) between nodes and terminals Modem (from mo dulator- dem odulator is a device that modulates an analog carrier signal to encode Digital information This modem operates with higher priority than normal users (eMLPP). If the modem connection is lost, the train will automatically stop. In Germany, Italy and France the GSM-R network has between 3000 and 4000 base stations. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. A base transceiver station ( BTS) is a piece of equipment that facilitates Wireless communication between user equipment (UE and a network

In the UK, over 14,000km of GSM-R enabled railway is planned, with 280km currently in operation. [1] A GSM-R cab radio for use in UK trains is currently being developed by Siemens Transportation Systems and is undergoing trials in the Strathclyde area of Scotland (Current in Jan 2008). Siemens Transportation Systems (STS is one of the business units of Siemens AG

Upper system

GSM-R is one part of ERTMS (European Rail Traffic Management System) which is composed of:

Frequency band

In Europe, GSM-R uses a specific frequency band:[2]

Channel spacing is 200 kHz. A frequency range or frequency band is a range of Wave frequencies.

The used modulation is GMSK modulation (Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying). GSM-R is a TDMA (“Time Division Multiple Access”) system. This article is about the medium access technology The name "TDMA" is also commonly used in the United States to refer to D-AMPS, which is a mobile telephone Data transmission is made of periodical TDMA frames (with a period of 4. 615 ms), for each carrier frequency (physical channel). Each TDMA frame is divided in 8 time-slots, named logical channels (577 µs long, each time-slot), carrying 148 bits of information. A bit is a binary digit, taking a value of either 0 or 1 Binary digits are a basic unit of Information storage and communication

GSM-R occupied a lower extension of GSM 900 MHz frequencies (890 MHz — 915 MHz range for transmission and 935 MHz — 960 MHz range for reception), as per 3GPP TS 05. 05 V8. 20. 0 (2005-11). In China GSM-R occupied a 4 MHz wide range of the E-GSM band (900 MHz-GSM). China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National

GSM-R uses

GSM-R permit new services and applications for mobile communications in several domains :

Main use

It is used to transmit data between trains and railway regulation centres with level 2 and 3 of ETCS. The European Train Control System ( ETCS) is a signalling, control and train protection system designed to replace the many incompatible safety systems currently The European Rail Traffic Management System (ERTMS is an EU -backed initiative to enhance cross-border interoperability and Signalling procurement by creating a single The European Train Control System ( ETCS) is a signalling, control and train protection system designed to replace the many incompatible safety systems currently |}A train station, railway station, railroad station, or station yard is a facility at which Passengers may board and alight from Trains A ( US and Canada) classification yard or ( UK and Canada) marshalling yard (including hump yards) is a Railroad For the generic term see Rail tracks. Railtrack was a group of companies that owned the track, signalling, Tunnels The European Train Control System ( ETCS) is a signalling, control and train protection system designed to replace the many incompatible safety systems currently When the train passes over an Eurobalise, it transmits its new position and its speed, then it receives back agreement (or disagreement) to enter on the next track and its new maximum speed. This article is about an electronic railway beacon for the programming language see AIS Balise. In addition, trackside signals become redundant.

Other uses

A GSM-R mobile phone, actually used by the National Railway Company of Belgium
A GSM-R mobile phone, actually used by the National Railway Company of Belgium

Like other GSM phone, GSM-R equipment can transmit data and voice. The Nationale Maatschappij der Belgische Spoorwegen (NMBS Dutch) or Société Nationale des Chemins de fer Belges (SNCB French) is the Belgian GSM ( Global System for Mobile communications: originally from Groupe Spécial Mobile) is the most popular standard for Mobile phones in the New GSM-R features for mobile communication are based on GSM, and are specified by EIRENE project. Call features are:

There are other additional features:


A modern GSM-R cab radio

GSM-R user interface with colour display



A graphical GSM-R cab radio interface - capable of displaying different languages

GSM-R features

ASCI (Advanced Speech Call Items) features

VGCS (Voice Group Call Service)

VGCS allows a great number of users to participate in the same call. This feature imitates the analogue PMR (Private Mobile Radio) group call with the PTT key (Push-to-Talk). Professional Mobile Radio (also known as Private Mobile Radio (PMR in the UK and Land Mobile Radio (LMR in North America are field radio communications systems which use portable
Three kinds of users are defined: the Talker, the Listener and the Dispatcher. The talker can become a listener by releasing the PTT key and a listener becomes a talker by pressing the PTT key.
The main advantage of VGCS compared to multi-party calls (the GSM conference call feature) is the spectrum efficiency. Indeed, when many users are in the same cell they will use only one frequency for all listeners and two frequencies for the talker (as in point-to-point call). In a multi-party call, one timeslot is dedicated to each user.

VBS (Voice Broadcast Service)

VBS is a broadcast group call: this means that compared to VGCS, only the initiator of the call can speak. GSM-R, Global System for Mobile Communications - Railway or GSM-Railway is an international Wireless communications standard for Railway The others who join the call can only be listeners. This kind of call is mainly used to broadcast recorded messages or to make advertisements.

REC (Railway Emergency Call)

REC is a group call, or VGCS, dedicated to urgency. It is a higher priority call (REC priority is level 0 — see below : eMLPP)

Multi-Level Precedence and Pre-emption Service (eMLPP)

This defines the user’s priority. The different priority levels are:
  • A and B: Highest priority levels (reserved to Network messages)
  • 0: Highest priority levels for ASCI and normal calls (mainly used for REC calls)
  • 1: Lower priority than level 0
  • 2: Lower priority than level 1
  • 3: Lower priority than level 2
  • 4: Lowest priority level (default priority, assigned to Point-to-Point calls)
An Auto-Answering feature with a timer is also available for calls with priority 0, 1 and 2.

Eirene features

Functional number management

  • Functional numbering
    • Allows to call an MS by its function: driver of the train xxx , …
    • It uses:
      • USSD and Follow Me
      • UUS1 (for number display)
  • Location dependent addressing
    • Improves the functional numbering
    • Allows to call the nearer MS linked to a function: nearer driver, nearer controller, …

End Call Confirmation

End Call Confirmation feature is only available for highest priority (Priority level 0) group calls (VGCS) and broadcast calls (VBS) (see eMLPP).
It consists of an end call report which sent by all MSs (mobile stations) which joined the high priority call (initiator included). This report informs about:
  • Call type
  • Call duration
  • MS Identity
  • End call cause Normal, ended by user, MS power off by user, power off due to low battery, …)
  • …
If the report can't be sent (MS power off by user or power off due to low battery), the MS will try again (several times if needed) to send the report at the next power on.

Shunting mode

Shunting mode is the term used to describe the application that will regulate and control user access to shunting communications.
A Link Assurance Signal (LAS) is provided in order to give reassurance to the driver that the radio link is working.

Direct mode

Direct mode is the walkie-talkie mode (mobiles station talking to each other without the network) and has been proposed in Eirene, however it has never been in application since being based on analogue radio.
Sagem claims to have developed a GSM direct mode, not currently recognised in the GSM-R specification, and has no frequency allocation.

GSM-R market

GSM-R market groups

Different groups make up the GSM-R market:

The network operators and the railway operators
Contract Awarded / Currently Implementing:
Country: Network operator: Railway operator(s):
Germany DB Netz DBAG
Belgium Infrabel NMBS/SNCB
Spain ADIF RENFE
Finland RHK VR
France RFF SNCF
Great Britain Network Rail Limited List of the Passenger operators
India - IR
Italy RFI TI
Norway JBV NSB
Netherlands NS Railinfratrust NS
Sweden BV SJ
Switzerland Siemens together with SBB Telecom SBB/CFF/FFS
Czech Republic Czech Railways ČD


Planning phase / Contracting:
Country: Network operator: Railway operator(s):
Austria GYSEV ÖBB
Croatia (Pilot site) - HŽ
Slovakia (Pilote site) - ŽSR


Feasibility phase:
Country: Network operator: Railway operator(s):
China CR KNR
Denmark Banedanmark DSB
Hungary VPE MÁV
Republic of Ireland CIÉ IÉ
Northern Ireland - NIR
Luxembourg - CFL
Poland - PKP S. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. DB Netz AG is a 100%-owned subsidiary of Deutsche Bahn is a Railway infrastructure provider, which owns and operates a majority of the German Railway Deutsche Bahn AG ( DB AG, DBAG or DB) is the German national Railway company The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those Infrabel is the Infrastructure Company which manages Belgian railway lines The Nationale Maatschappij der Belgische Spoorwegen (NMBS Dutch) or Société Nationale des Chemins de fer Belges (SNCB French) is the Belgian Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Renfe Operadora is the State-owned company which operates freight and passenger Trains on the 1668-mm " Iberian gauge " and 1435-mm " Finland, officially the Republic of Finland ( is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. Finnish Rail Administration (RHK Ratahallintokeskus in Finnish, Banförvaltningscentralen in Swedish) is the Company managing the VR or VR Group (VR-Yhtymä Oy VR-Group Ab is a state-owned Railway company in Finland, and formerly known as Suomen Valtion Rautatiet This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. RFF are also the initials of the Ricardo Franco Front, a Colombian revolutionary guerrilla group for other uses see RFF. SNCF ( Société Nationale des Chemins de fer Français) (French National Railway Company is a French public enterprise See also Kingdom of Great Britain Great Britain (Breatainn Mhòr Prydain Fawr Breten Veur Graet Breetain is the larger of the two main islands Network Rail is a British "not for dividend" Company limited by guarantee whose principal asset is Network Rail Infrastructure Limited a company limited There are a number of companies operating trains in the United Kingdom. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Indian Railways (भारतीय रेल Bhāratīya Rail) abbreviated as IR (hi भारे is a Department of the Government of India under the Ministry Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Rete Ferroviaria Italiana (RFI is an Italian company fully owned by Ferrovie dello Stato. Trenitalia is the primary operator of trains within Italy. Trenitalia is owned by Ferrovie dello Stato, itself owned by the Italian Government. Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional Norges Statsbaner commonly know as NSB or the Norwegian State Railways is a Norwegian transport company The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands The NS Railinfratrust Company (RIT is the owner of the Dutch railtracks Nederlandse Spoorwegen ( Dutch Railways) or NS, is the principal passenger Railway operating company in the Netherlands. "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. Statens Järnvägar, or Swedish State Railways originally Kungl Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation Swiss Federal Railways ( German: SBB Schweizerische Bundesbahnen French: CFF Chemins de fer fédéraux suisses Italian: FFS Ferrovie federali svizzere The Czech Republic ( ˈt͡ʃɛskaː ˈrɛpuˌblɪka short form in Česko ˈt͡ʃɛskɔ also called Czechia, České dráhy or Czech Railways (ČD or CD is the main railway operator of the Czech Republic and provides Passenger and Freight České dráhy or Czech Railways (ČD or CD is the main railway operator of the Czech Republic and provides Passenger and Freight Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich ÖBB ( Österreichische Bundesbahnen - Austrian Federal Railways is the national railway system of Austria. Croatia (Hrvatska ˈxȓvatska officially the Republic of Croatia ( Republika Hrvatska) is a southern Central European country at the crossroads between Croatian Railways ( Hrvatske željeznice, ( HŽ) is the national railway company of Croatia, formed after the dissolution of Yugoslavia and Slovakia (long form Slovak Republic; Slovak:, long form, is a Landlocked country in Central Europe with a population of over five million China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National China Railways (CR is the national railway company of the People's Republic of China, under the Chinese Ministry of Railways. The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe Banedanmark (previously Banestyrelsen) is a Danish company responsible for most of the Danish railway network, including maintenance and construction work DSB, an abbreviation of Danske Statsbaner ( Danish State Railways) is the largest Danish train operating company and the largest in Scandinavia Hungary (Magyarország 'mɔɟɔrorsaːg) officially in English the Republic of Hungary ( Magyar Köztársaság, literally Magyar (Hungarian Republic Hungarian State Railways ( Magyar Államvasutak or MÁV) is the railway company of Hungary, separated to MÁV Start Zrt Ireland ( Irish: Éire, ˈeːrʲə is a country in north-western Europe. Córas Iompair Éireann ( abbreviated CIÉ) is a statutory authority which is owned by the Irish Government. rail transport in Ireland Iarnród Éireann ( IÉ;; in English, Irish Rail) is the national Railway system operator of the Republic Northern Ireland (Tuaisceart Éireann Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann) is a Country within the United Kingdom, lying in the northeast of NI Railways also known as Northern Ireland Railways and for a brief period of time Ulster Transport Railways (UTR is the Railway operator in Luxembourg (Groussherzogtum Lëtzebuerg Grand-Duché de Luxembourg Großherzogtum Luxemburg is a small Landlocked country in Western Europe, bordered by Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland A.
Russia - RŽD
Slovenia AZP SŽ
USA US-DOT Amtrak
Australia RailCorp RailCorp
Source : UIC (23th of may 2006)[3]
The network operators 
The companies Nokia Siemens Networks, Huawei, and Nortel are the main suppliers of the GSM-R infrastructure. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Russian Railways (Российские железные дороги РЖД Rossiyskie Zheleznye Dorogi RZhD) is the state-owned Railway company Slovenia, officially the Republic of Slovenia (Republika Slovenija) is a Country in southern Central Europe bordering Italy to the west Slovenske železnice (SŽ ( Slovenian Railways) is the state Railway of Slovenia, created in 1991 from the Ljubljana division of the former The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The United States Department of Transportation ( DOT) is a federal Cabinet department of the United States government concerned with Transportation The National Railroad Passenger Corporation, Doing business as Amtrak, is a Government-owned corporation that was organized on May 1, 1971 For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Rail Corporation New South Wales (RailCorp is a Government-owned corporation of the New South Wales government Rail Corporation New South Wales (RailCorp is a Government-owned corporation of the New South Wales government Nokia Siemens Networks is a telecommunications solutions supplier which was created as the result of a joint venture between Siemens AG 's COM division (minus its Enterprise Huawei Technologies Co Ltd ( in Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China is the largest networking and telecommunications equipment supplier Nortel Networks Corporation () formerly known as Northern Telecom Limited and sometimes known simply as Nortel, is a multinational Telecommunications
Dispatch and Control Centre Solutions
Siemens Transportation Systems,NEC Portugal, Frequentis and Wenzel Elektronik
The terminal manufacturers
Handset manufacturer
Sagem (SAFRAN group) is the main GSM-R handset supplier, followed by Selex Communications, Triorail and Huawei. Siemens Transportation Systems (STS is one of the business units of Siemens AG SAGEM ( Société d’Applications Générales de l’Électricité et de la Mécanique, translated to Company of General Applications of Electricity and Mechanics Safran ( is a French conglomerate involved in defense, Aerospace propulsion and equipment Communications and Security. Huawei Technologies Co Ltd ( in Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China is the largest networking and telecommunications equipment supplier
Cab radio manufacturer
Selex Communications, Siemens Transportation Systems, NEC Portugal, Alstom, Center Systems, Nortel and Hoermann are the main suppliers. Siemens Transportation Systems (STS is one of the business units of Siemens AG Alstom ( is a large French multinational conglomerate which holds interests in the power generation and Transport markets Nortel Networks Corporation () formerly known as Northern Telecom Limited and sometimes known simply as Nortel, is a multinational Telecommunications Funkwerk (formerly Kapsch) and Sagem mainly provide the GSM-R core of these cab radios.

Railways using GSM-R

A fully-functional GSM-R system is being trialed on the North Clyde Line in Scotland from 2007. The North Clyde Line (defined by Network Rail as the Glasgow North Electric Suburban line is a suburban Railway in West Central Scotland. For some years before these trials commenced however, GSM-R has been in use for voice-only purposes (known as the 'Interim Voice Radio System' (IVRS) ) in some locations where axle counters are used for train detection, for example parts of the West Coast Main Line (WCML) between Crewe and Wembley. An axle counter is a device on a Railway that detects the passing of a Train in lieu of the more common Track circuit. The West Coast Main Line (WCML is a busy mixed-traffic railway route in the United Kingdom. Britain’s GSM-R network should be fully operational by 2013 at a cost of £1. 2 billion. This cost though does not include the WCML.

In France, the first commercial railway route opened with full GSM-R coverage is the LGV Est européenne linking Paris Gare de l'Est to Strasbourg. The LGV Est européenne (sometimes referred to as LGV Est) is an extension to the French high-speed TGV network connecting Paris and Strasbourg See also Gare de l'Est (Paris Métro The fr '''Gare de l'Est''' (" East station " in English) is one of the six large SNCF termini Strasbourg (Strasbourg stʁazbuʁ Alsatian: Strossburi,; Straßburg) is the capital and principal City of the Alsace région It was opened on the 10th of June 2007.

(Réf. SNCF - Paris AFP, 10th of June 2007)[4]

In Norway, the GSM-R network was opened on all lines on 1 January 2007.

TGV POS, linking Paris to Germany and Switzerland

ICE 3M at Gare de l'Est in Paris

References

  1. ^ ERIG (European Railways Industry Group) report from meeting #35 2007
  2. ^ http://www.willtek.com/english/technologies/gsmr Willtek, radio measure devices provider
  3. ^ http://gsm-r.uic.asso.fr/implement_map.html UIC, GSM-R Implementation planning and progress map
  4. ^ Réf. The TGV POS is a French TGV train which is being used on the LGV Est. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation The InterCityExpress or ICE (German pronunciation) is a system of high-speed trains predominantly running in Germany and neighbouring countries See also Gare de l'Est (Paris Métro The fr '''Gare de l'Est''' (" East station " in English) is one of the six large SNCF termini Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city SNCF - Paris Agence France Presse (AFP), Sunday the 10th of June 2007, 07h13 (am).

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