GOELRO plan (Russian: план ГОЭЛРО) was the first-ever Soviet plan for national economic recovery and development. Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 It became the prototype for subsequent Five-Year Plans drafted by Gosplan. Gosplan or State Planning Committee ( Russian: ru Госпла́н) was the committee responsible for economic planning in the Soviet Union. GOELRO is the transliteration of the Russian abbreviation for "State Commission for Electrification of Russia" (Государственная комиссия по электрификации России).
The Commission and Plan were initiated and supervised by Vladimir Lenin. Lenin's belief in electrification's central importance to the achievement of socialism is encapsulated in the popular Lenin quote, "Socialism is the Soviet power plus electrification of the whole country. Socialism refers to a broad set of economic theories of social organization advocating state or collective ownership and administration of the Means of production and distribution A soviet (сове́т, "council" originally was a workers' local council in late Imperial Russia. "[1]
The Commission was established by the Presidium of the VSNKh on February 21, 1920[2] in accordance with February 3, 1920 VTsIK resolution on the electrification plan development. Supreme Soviet of the National Economy, Vesenkha (Высший Совет Народного Хозяйства ВСНХ, Vysshiy soviet narodnogo khozyaystva Events 362 - Athanasius returns to Alexandria. 1245 - Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland Year 1920 ( MCMXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920 of the Gregorian calendar Events 1112 - Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona and Douce I of Provence marry uniting the fortunes of those two states Year 1920 ( MCMXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920 of the Gregorian calendar The Supreme Soviet of the USSR (Верхо́вный Сове́т СССР Verkhóvnyj Sovét SSSR) was the highest legislative body in the Soviet Union in [3] The head of the Commission was Gleb Krzhizhanovsky. Gleb Maximilianovich Krzhizhanovsky (Кржижановский Глеб Максимилианович January 24, 1872, Samara — March 31 In its work took part some 200 scientists and engineers, including Genrikh Graftio, Ivan Aleksandrov, Mikhail Shatelen and others. [2] By the end of 1920 the Commission devised the "Russian SFSR Electrification Plan" (Russian: «План электрификации Р. Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages С. Ф. С. Р»), that was subsequently approved by the 8th Congress of Soviets on December 22, 1920[4] and accepted by the Soviet government on December 21, 1921. The Congress of Soviets was the supreme governing body of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and the Soviet Union in two periods from 1917 to 1936 and Events 1790 - The Turkish fortress of Izmail is stormed and captured by Suvorov and his Russian armies Year 1920 ( MCMXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920 of the Gregorian calendar Council of Ministers of the USSR (Совет Министров СССР tr Events 69 - The end of the Year of the four emperors: Following Galba, Otho and Vitellius, Vespasian Year 1921 ( MCMXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1921 calendar of the Gregorian calendar [5]
The Plan envisaged a major restructuring of the Soviet economy based on total electrification of the country. It aimed to realize Lenin's vision of ". . . the organization of industry on the basis of modern, advanced technology, on electrification which will provide a link between town and country, will put an end to the division between town and country, will make it possible to raise the level of culture in the countryside and to overcome, even in the most remote corners of land, backwardness, ignorance, poverty, disease, and barbarism. "[6]
GOELRO Plan covered a ten to 15 year period. According to the Plan, the territory of the Russian SFSR was divided into eight regions, with distinct development strategies due to specific features of each region: Southern Region, Central Industrial region, Northern Region, Ural Region, Volga Region, Turkestan Region, Caucasus Region and Western Siberia Region. Ural (Ура́л is a geographical region around the Ural Mountains, mostly within Russia but also including a part of northwestern Kazakstan. Turkestan (literally meaning "Land of the Turks" is a region in Central Asia, which today is largely inhabited by Turkic peoples. The Caucasus ( also referred to as North Caucasus) is a geopolitical region located between Europe Asia & Middle East Siberia (Сиби́рь Sibir) is the name given to the vast region constituting almost all of Northern Asia and for the most part currently serving [3][7] The Plan included construction of a network of 30 regional power plants, including ten large hydroelectric power plants, and numerous electric-powered large industrial enterprises. A power station (also referred to as generating station, power plant or powerhouse) is an industrial facility for the generation of Hydroelectricity is electricity generated by Hydropower, ie the production of power through use of the gravitational force of falling water [8] It was intended to raise the total national power output per year to 8. 8 billion kWh, as compared to 1. 9 billion kWh of the Imperial Russia in 1913. The Russian Empire ( Pre-reform Russian: Pоссійская Имперія Modern Russian: Российская Империя translit: Rossiyskaya [3] The Plan was basically fulfilled by 1931. [3][4]
Ivan Aleksandrov was to subsequently head the Regionalisation Commission of Gosplan which divide the Soviet union into thirteen European and eight Asiatic oblasts, using rational economic planning rather than "the vestiges of lost sovereign rights". Gosplan or State Planning Committee ( Russian: ru Госпла́н) was the committee responsible for economic planning in the Soviet Union. Oblast (во́бласць oblast о́бласт oblast о́бласть област/ oblast; oblasť област о́бласть is a type of Administrative division [9]
The cliche "Ilyich's lamp" (лампочка Ильича) for an electric bulb, a reference to Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, is a reminder of the Plan period. A cliché (from French, klɪ'ʃe or cliche is a phrase expression or idea that has been overused to the point of losing its intended force A lamp is a replaceable component such as an Incandescent light bulb, which is designed to produce Light from Electricity.
References
- ^ Lenin "Collected Works", vol. 31, page 516.
- ^ a b 50th anniversary of the Lenin Goélro Plan and Hydropower Development
- ^ a b c d Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 3rd ed. The Great Soviet Encyclopedia ( Большая Советская Энциклопедия, or БСЭ; transliterated Bolshaya Sovetskaya Entsiklopediya , entry on "ГОЭЛРО", available online here
- ^ a b (Russian) On GOELRO Plan - at Kuzbassenergo
- ^ Physics in the USSR: stages in a long journey
- ^ Lenin "Collected Works", vol. 30, page 335.
- ^ (Russian) 85th anniversary of GOELRO plan - Management at the website of RAO UES
- ^ 70 Years of Gidroproekt and Hydroelectric Power in Russia
- ^ Ekonomicheskoe raionirovanie Rossii, Gosplan, Moscow 1921
External links
- (Russian) 85th anniversary of GOELRO plan at the website of RAO UES
- Map of the electrification from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia
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