| GNU Core Utilities | |
|---|---|
| Developed by | GNU Project |
| Latest release | 6. A software developer is a person or organization concerned with facets of the software development process wider than design and coding a somewhat broader scope of The GNU Project is a Free software, Mass collaboration project announced in 1983 by Richard Stallman. A software release is the distribution whether public or private of an initial or new and upgraded version of a Computer software product 11 / April 19, 2008 |
| Preview release | 6. Events 1012 - Martyrdom of Alphege in Greenwich London. 1529 - At the Second Diet of Speyer 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common A software release is the distribution whether public or private of an initial or new and upgraded version of a Computer software product 9. 92 / January 12, 2008 |
| Written in | C |
| OS | Unix-like |
| Genre | Miscellaneous Utilities |
| License | GPL |
| Website | gnu.org/software/coreutils |
The GNU Core Utilities or coreutils is a package of GNU software containing many of the basic tools such as cat, ls, and rm needed for Unix-like operating systems. Events 475 - Basiliscus becomes Byzantine Emperor, with a coronation ceremony in the Hebdomon palace in Constantinople 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common A programming language is an Artificial language that can be used to write programs which control the behavior of a machine particularly a Computer. tags please moot on the talk page first! --> In Computing, C is a general-purpose cross-platform block structured An operating system (commonly abbreviated OS and O/S) is the software component of a Computer system that is responsible for the management and coordination A Unix-like (sometimes shortened to *nix) Operating system is one that behaves in a manner similar to a Unix system while not necessarily conforming Computer software can be organized into categories based on common function type or field of use A software license (or software licence in commonwealth usage is a Legal instrument governing the usage or redistribution of copyright protected software A website (alternatively web site or Web site, a back-construction from the Proper noun World Wide Web) is a collection of Web pages GNU ( pronounced) is a computer Operating system composed entirely of Free software. The cat command is a standard Unix program used to concatenate and display files In Computing, ls is a command to list files in Unix and Unix-like operating systems rm (short for remove) is a Unix command used to delete files from a Filesystem. A Unix-like (sometimes shortened to *nix) Operating system is one that behaves in a manner similar to a Unix system while not necessarily conforming An operating system (commonly abbreviated OS and O/S) is the software component of a Computer system that is responsible for the management and coordination It is a combination of a number of earlier packages, including textutils, shellutils, and fileutils along with some other miscellaneous utilities.
Contents |
GNU coreutils capabilities
The GNU core utilities support long options as parameters to the commands, as well as (unless the POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variable is set) the relaxed convention allowing options even after the regular arguments. In computer Command line interfaces a command line argument is an argument sent to a program being called Note that this environment variable enables a different functionality in BSD.
Additionally, as the GNU philosophy shifts information away from manual pages (and uses tools such as info), usage information is more extensive. Texinfo is a typesetting syntax used for generating documentation in both on-line and printed form (creating filetypes as dvi html pdf etc
Unfortunately, even a latest forthcoming coreutils version 6. 10 does not properly support multibyte encodings, such as UTF-8. For example, command output from echo "abcабв" | tr [:lower:] [:upper:] in ru_RU. UTF-8 locale should produce ABCАБВ, but with GNU coreutils result is ABCабв. In Computing, locale is a set of Parameters that defines the user's language country and any special variant preferences that the user wants to see in their User Thus, tr works well with ascii part of the string, but fails to operate with multibyte characters абв. American Standard Code for Information Interchange ( ASCII) In Computing, Unicode is an Industry standard allowing Computers to consistently represent and manipulate text expressed in most of the world's
Programs included in coreutils
| File Utilities | |
|---|---|
chgrp | Changes file group ownership |
chown | Changes file ownership |
chmod | Changes the permissions of a file or folder |
cp | Copies a file or folder |
dd | Copies and converts a file |
df | Shows disk free space on filesystems |
dir | Is exactly like "ls -C -b". The chgrp (from ch ange gr ou' p) command is used by unprivileged users on Unix-like systems to change the The chown command is used on Unix-like systems to change the owner of a file The chmod command (abbreviated from ch ange mod e is a shell command in Unix and Unix-like environments cp is the command entered in a Unix shell to copy a file from one place to another possibly on a different Filesystem. dd is a common UNIX program whose primary purpose is the Low-level copying and conversion of raw Data. df (abbreviation for d isk f ree) is a standard Unix Computer program used to display the amount of available disk In Computing, ls is a command to list files in Unix and Unix-like operating systems (Files are by default listed in columns and sorted vertically. ) |
dircolors | Setup color for ls |
install | Copies files and set attributes |
ln | Creates a link to a file |
ls | Lists the files in a directory |
mkdir | Creates a directory |
mkfifo | Makes named pipes (FIFOs) |
mknod | Makes block or character special files |
mv | Moves files or rename files |
rm | Removes (deletes) files |
rmdir | Removes empty directories |
shred | Overwrites a file to hide its contents, and optionally delete it |
sync | Flushes file system buffers |
touch | Changes file timestamps |
vdir | Is exactly like "ls -l -b". The install command is a standard Unix program used to copy Files and set File permissions. ln is a standard Unix command used to create links ( l i' n' k to files In Computing, ls is a command to list files in Unix and Unix-like operating systems The mkdir (make directory command in the Unix, DOS, OS/2 and Microsoft Windows Operating systems is used to make a new In Computing, a named pipe (also FIFO for its behaviour is an extension to the traditional pipe concept on Unix and Unix-like mv (short for m o' v' e is a Unix command that moves one or more files or directories from one place to another rm (short for remove) is a Unix command used to delete files from a Filesystem. rmdir (or rd) is a command which will remove an empty directory on a Unix, DOS, OS/2 or Microsoft Windows sync is a standard System call in the Unix operating system which commits to disk all data in the kernel Filesystem buffers, touch is a standard Unix program used to change a file 's access and modification timestamps. (Files are by default listed in long format. ) |
| Text utilities | |
cat | Concatenates and prints files on the standard output |
cksum | Checksums and count the bytes in a file |
comm | Compares two sorted files line by line |
csplit | Splits a file into sections determined by context lines |
cut | Removes sections from each line of files |
expand | Converts tabs to spaces |
fmt | Simple optimal text formatter |
fold | Wraps each input line to fit in specified width |
head | Outputs the first part of files |
join | Joins lines of two files on a common field |
md5sum | Computes and checks MD5 message digest |
nl | Numbers lines of files |
od | Dumps files in octal and other formats |
paste | Merges lines of files |
ptx | Produces a permuted index of file contents |
pr | Converts text files for printing |
sha1sum | Computes and checks SHA1 message digest |
sort | sort lines of text files |
split | split a file into pieces |
sum | Checksums and counts the blocks in a file |
tac | Concatenates and prints files in reverse |
tail | Outputs the last part of files |
tr | Translates or deletes characters |
tsort | Performs a topological sort |
unexpand | Converts spaces to tabs |
uniq | Removes duplicate lines from a sorted file |
wc | Prints the number of bytes, words, and lines in files |
| Shell utilities | |
basename | Removes the path prefix from a given pathname |
chroot | Changes the root directory |
date | Prints/sets the system date and time |
dirname | Strips non-directory suffix from file name |
du | Shows disk usage on file systems |
echo | Displays a specified line of text |
env | Displays and modifies environment variables |
expr | Evaluates expressions |
factor | Factors numbers |
false | Does nothing, but exits unsuccessfully |
groups | Prints the groups of which the user is a member |
hostid | Prints the numeric identifier for the current host |
id | Prints real/effective UID and GID |
link | Creates a link to a file |
logname | Print the user's login name |
nice | Modifies scheduling priority |
nohup | Allows a command to continue running after logging out |
pathchk | Checks whether file names are valid or portable |
pinky | A lightweight version of finger |
printenv | Prints environment variables |
printf | Formats and prints data |
pwd | Prints the current working directory |
readlink | Displays value of a symbolic link |
seq | Prints a sequence of numbers |
sleep | Delays for a specified amount of time |
stat | Returns useful data about an inode |
stty | Changes and prints terminal line settings |
tee | Sends output to multiple files |
test | Evaluates an expression |
true | Does nothing, but exits successfully |
tty | Prints terminal name |
uname | Prints system information |
unlink | Removes the specified file using the unlink function |
users | Prints the user names of users currently logged in to the current host |
who | Prints a list of all users currently logged in. The cat command is a standard Unix program used to concatenate and display files cksum is a POSIX command that reads the files specified by the File parameter and calculates a Checksum, Cyclic redundancy check (CRC and the Byte The comm command in Unix is a utility that is used to compare two files for common and distinct lines In Computing, cut is a Unix Command line utility which is used to extract sections from each line of input — usually from a file. expand is a command in the UNIX Operating System. It is used to convert groups of Tabs into space characters For example $ echo -e "\t foo" The fmt command in Unix is used to format human language text head is a program on Unix and Unix-like systems used to display the first few lines of a text file or piped data join is a command in Unix-like operating systems that merges the lines of two sorted Text files based on the presence of a common field. md5sum is a Computer program that calculates and verifies 128-bit MD5 hashes, as described in RFC 1321 nl is a Unix utility for numbering lines either from a file or from standard input reproducing output on standard output od is an ''o''ctal d umping program for Unix and Unix-like systems paste is a Unix Command line utility which is used to join files horizontally (parallel merging by outputting lines consisting of the sequentially corresponding lines ptx is a Unix utility named for the permuterm index which can perform the function of the Keyword in Context ( KWIC) search mode sha1sum is a Computer program which calculates and verifies SHA-1 hashes. Sort is a standard Unix Command line program that prints the lines of its input or concatenation of all files listed in its argument list in sorted order split is a Unix utility most commonly used to split a file into two or more smaller files Sum is a core GNU utility written by Kayvan Aghaiepour and David MacKenzie and distributed with the UNIX - and Linux -based operating tac is an Unix command that allows you to see a file line-by-line backwards tail is a program on Unix and Unix-like systems used to display the last few lines of a text file or piped data tr (abbreviated from tr anslate or tr ansliterate is a command in Unix-like operating systems tsort is a command line utility initially written for use with the Unix operating system that performs a topological sort on the standard input In Graph theory, a topological sort or topological ordering of a Directed acyclic graph (DAG is a linear ordering of its nodes in which each node comes uniq is a Unix utility which when fed a text file outputs the file with adjacent identical lines collapsed to one wc (short for w ord c ount is a command in Unix-like operating systems basename is a standard UNIX Computer program, when basename is given a Pathname, it will delete any prefix up to the last slash ('/' A chroot on Unix Operating systems is an operation that changes the apparent disk Root directory for the current running process and its children The Unix date command displays the time and date The super-user can use it to set the System clock. du (abbreviated from d isk u sage) is a standard Unix program used to estimate the file space usage space used under a In Computing, echo is a command in DOS, OS/2, Microsoft Windows, Unix and Unix-like operating systems env is a shell command for Unix and Unix-like Operating systems It is used to either print a list of Environment variables Environment variables are a set of dynamic values that can affect the way running processes will behave on a computer expr is a command line Unix utility which evaluates an expression and outputs the corresponding value In Unix-like Operating systems false is the command that always returns the value 1 which is regarded by the shell as the Logical value In Unix-like systems multiple users can be categorized into groups. In Computer software, id is a program in Unix-like Operating systems that prints the UID of the account of which the program is executed by On Unix-like systems users are represented by a user identifier, often abbreviated UID or User ID. In Unix-like systems multiple users can be categorized into groups. link is a command line utility included with Solaris. It directly interfaces the System call link( and creates a hard link In Computing, a hard link is a directory reference or pointer to a file on a storage volume In Computer software, logname (stands for Logon Name) is a program in Unix and Unix-like Operating systems that prints the name of nice (ˈnaɪs is a command found on UNIX and other Unix-like Operating systems such as Linux. Scheduling is a key concept in Computer multitasking and Multiprocessing Operating system design and in Real-time operating system design nohup is a Unix command that is used to run another command while suppressing the action of the HUP (hangup signal enabling the command to keep running after In Computer networking, the Name/Finger protocol and the Finger user information protocol are simple Network protocols for the exchange of human-oriented Environment variables are a set of dynamic values that can affect the way running processes will behave on a computer The pwd command ( p rint w orking d irectory is used to print the name of current Working directory from a Computer 's In Computing, the working directory of a process is a directory of a hierarchical File system, if any dynamically associated with each process In Computing, a symbolic link (also symlink or soft link) is a special type of file that contains a reference to another sleep is a Unix Command line program that suspends program execution for a specified period of time stat( is a Unix System call that returns useful data about a file Inode. In Computing, an inode is a Data structure on a traditional Unix -style File system such as UFS. In computing tee is a command in various Command line interpreters ( shells) such as Unix shells 4DOS / 4NT and Windows test is a Unix command that evaluates conditional expressions In Unix-like Operating systems true is a command whose only function is to always return the value 0 which is regarded by the shell as the tty is a Unix command that prints to standard output the name of the file connected to standard input uname (short for unix name) is a Software program in Unix and Unix-like computer Operating systems that prints the name version and In Unix-like operating systems unlink is a System call and a command line utility to delete files The standard Unix command who displays a list of users who are currently logged into a computer The standard Unix command who displays a list of users who are currently logged into a computer |
whoami | Prints the effective userid |
yes | Prints a string repeatedly |
| Other Utilities | |
[ | A synonym for test, this program permits expressions like [ expression ]. whoami is a command found on most Unix-like operating systems Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008. On Unix-like systems users are represented by a user identifier, often abbreviated UID or User ID. yes is a Unix command which outputs an affirmative response or a user-defined string of text continuously until killed test is a Unix command that evaluates conditional expressions |
See also
- List of Unix programs
- BusyBox, a coreutils-like package for embedded Linux
- GNU Binary Utilities
External links
- GNU coreutils homepage
- The coreutils FAQ
- The coreutils manual
- Top Ten Cool Coreutils Commands
- Alternative set of utilities with unicode support
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